Ocular toxicity and potential mechanism of nanomaterials: An issue worthy of investigation.

Nanomaterials are widely used. The gases emitted from industrial manufacturing contain nanoparticles, which increases the chance of nanomaterials coming into contact with the eyes. Nanomaterials may cause damage to the eyeball wall and eye contents, manifested as keratitis, neovascularization of the iris, vitreous inflammation, retinitis, etc.

Identification of Immune-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs for Pulpitis Prediction Based on Competing Endogenous RNAs.

Introduction And Aims: Pulpitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting oral health. We aim to identify immune-related lncRNAs via bioinformatics analyses and explore their functions through ceRNA networks.

Methods: The expression profiles of 6 patients with pulpitis and 8 normal dental pulp have been obtained from Genome Sequence Archive.

Soluble Sema4D From γδ T Cells Exerts Osteoblast Inhibition via Plexin-B/mTOR Signalling Contributing to Pathogenesis of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a severe complication in patients undergoing long-term bisphosphonate therapy, while our knowledge on the pathogenesis of BRONJ is far from sufficient. Gamma delta (γδ) T cells predominantly distribute in mucosal tissues and play an important role in both immune modulation and bone metabolism; however, the mechanism of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of BRONJ has not been elucidated. Here, we induced BRONJ-like lesions in wild-type (WT) and T-cell receptor delta-deficient (TCRδ) mice via intraperitoneal zoledronate injection.

Clinical-oriented 3D visualization and quantitative analysis of gingival thickness using convolutional neural networks and CBCT.

Objective: Traditional gingival thickness (GT) assessment methods provide only point measurements or simple classifications, lacking spatial distribution information. This study aimed to develop a CBCT-based 3D visualization system for gingival thickness using deep learning, providing a novel spatial assessment tool for implant surgery planning.

Methods: CBCT and intraoral scanning (IOS) data from 50 patients with tooth loss were collected to establish a standardized dataset.

Neodymium-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles promote bone regeneration via autophagy-mediated macrophage immunomodulation.

Rare earth nanomaterials, especially those incorporating neodymium, hold great potential for bone regeneration, but their clinical application is limited by insufficient understanding of immunomodulatory effects and potential toxicity concerns. To address this, we developed neodymium-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NDMSN) to modulate macrophage autophagy and polarization. NDMSN exhibited uniform dispersion with an average size of 103 nm.

CBCT study of adenoid and nasopharyngeal airway in boys with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate.

Introduction: This study aims to assess the structural features of adenoids and nasopharyngeal airways in boys with nonsyndromic unilateral complete cleft of lip and palate (UCLP group) compared to non-cleft lip and palate patients of the same age (control group), and to identify differences in the growth and development of adenoids and nasopharyngeal airways between two groups.

Methods: Adenoid and nasopharyngeal airway length, area, and volume were retrospectively analyzed using CBCT images (n = 120). The UCLP group comprised boys aged 6-11 with UCLP (n = 60), while the control group consisted of boys without cleft lip and palate (n = 60).

Hierarchical multi-label classification model for cbct-based extraction socket healing assessment and stratified diagnostic decision-making to assist implant treatment planning.

Objective: Dental implant treatment planning requires assessing extraction socket healing, yet current methods face challenges distinguishing soft tissue from woven bone on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and lack standardized classification systems. In this study, we propose a hierarchical multilabel classification model for CBCT-based extraction socket healing assessment.

Methods: We established a novel classification system dividing extraction socket healing status into two levels: Level 1 distinguishes physiological healing (Type I) from pathological healing (Type II); Level 2 is further subdivided into 5 subtypes.

Superpath is Superior to Posterolateral Approach for Hemiarthroplasty in Geriatric Patients with High Risk for Dislocation.

Background: Dislocation following hemiarthroplasty (HA) for femoral neck fractures in the elderly was a rare but severe complication. Tissue-sparing SuperPATH approach for HA had been described with promising results in terms of function recovery, transfusion and dislocation rate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical outcomes, perioperative complications, and mortality rate through SuperPATH (SP) and posterolateral (PL) approach in geriatric patients with high dislocation risk.

Biodegradable Zn-0.8Mg-0.2Sr alloy as an internal fixation material exhibits controlled degradation with enhanced osteogenesis.

Zinc (Zn) and its alloys are promising candidates for biodegradable metals in medical applications. However, their clinical use in internal fixation is hindered by low mechanical strength, uncontrolled corrosion, and insufficient bioactivity. To address these issues, we developed an extruded Zn-0.

Digital-guided Autotransplantation of Teeth with Autogenous Bone Augmentation: A Case Report.

Long-term dental defects are often accompanied by severe alveolar bone resorption, which compromises the maintenance of alveolar bone height and thickness, thereby increasing the complexity of restoration. This case report presents a 24-year-old female patient with a 6-month dental defect and alveolar bone resorption. The treatment consisted of autotransplanting the left mandibular third molar to the defect site, with the use of a three-dimensional printed donor tooth replica and the surgical guide for precise alveolar socket preparation.

Supragingival microbial profiles in caries-free and caries-active adolescents treated with fixed orthodontics.

Background: Dental caries occur primarily due to the formation of excessive dental plaque biofilm on teeth surfaces. This study aims to analyze the supragingival microbial profiles of permanent teeth in caries-free and caries-active adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances and to identify bacterial biomarkers that may be indicative of caries activity in specific population.

Methods: Twelve-year-old adolescents treated with fixed orthodontic appliances were selected as the study population, with 5 caries-free and 5 caries-active subjects.

Acetylcholine Suppression by P. gingivalis Extracellular Vesicles Drives Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Loss via the Cyp4f40.

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major pathogen in chronic periodontitis, is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic diseases, including neurodegeneration and bone-related conditions. A central mechanism of its systemic impact is the release of bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs), which function as efficient transporters of virulence factors that can trigger pathological processes in distal tissues and organs.

Biomaterial-mediated Cell Atlas: an insight from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.

Biomaterials serve as bridges between synthetic structures and biological systems, facilitating interactions with bodily tissues and regulating cellular responses. However, the intricate mechanisms governing cell-material interactions within the body are not fully understood. To address these challenges, single-cell transcriptomics and spatial technologies have emerged as promising tools.

Quaternized chitosan/glycyrrhizic acid co-decorated titanium with enhanced antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and osteogenic properties for dental implant applications.

Sandblasted and acid-etched titanium (SLA-Ti) implants encounter significant challenges in dental implant applications owing to their susceptibility to bacterial infections, inflammatory responses, and insufficient osseointegration. Herein, we developed a novel SLA-Ti co-decorated with phloretic acid-modified quaternized chitosan (PQCS) and oxidized glycyrrhizic acid (OGA), referred to as the SLA/PQCS/OGA. The SLA/PQCS/OGA demonstrated exceptional biocompatibility, with low hemolytic toxicity, negligible cytotoxicity, and systemic biosafety in rat models.

Research progress on the advantages, mechanisms and design strategies of nanomaterials for immunomodulatory angiogenesis.

Owing to the difficulty in achieving effective and timely vascularization, repairing the structure and function of damaged tissues and organs remains a major challenge in clinical practice. The immune microenvironment is a key factor affecting angiogenesis; however, traditional strategies have failed to take full advantage of this property. Recent advances in nanomaterial design have shifted from "immune avoidance" to "immune interaction", representing a breakthrough in promoting angiogenesis.

OMVs inhibit osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via SAA3/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis.

Backgrounds: Periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss is a primary cause of tooth loss. () is the primary pathogenic bacterium of periodontitis. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from (-OMVs) contain various bioactive molecules, and several studies have suggested that -OMVs may participate in alveolar bone loss caused by periodontitis.

Evaluation of a Guide Plate for Accurate Extraoral Trimming of Donor Tooth Crown and Root Apex: An In Vitro Study.

Background/aim: During tooth autotransplantation, donor teeth may require intraoperative trimming, including interproximal enamel reduction or apicoectomy. However, conventional extraoral trimming techniques have limitations such as inadequate periodontal ligament (PDL) protection and imprecision. To improve the prognosis of transplanted teeth, this study introduced a novel guide plate designed to facilitate precise donor-tooth trimming, while ensuring optimal PDL preservation.

Assessing the spatial relationship between mandibular third molars and the inferior alveolar canal using a deep learning-based approach: a proof-of-concept study.

Background: The distance between the mandibular third molar (M3) and the mandibular canal (MC) is a key factor in assessing the risk of injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). However, existing deep learning systems have not yet been able to accurately quantify the M3-MC distance in 3D space. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a deep learning-based system for accurate measurement of M3-MC spatial relationships in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and to evaluate its accuracy against conventional methods.

Autonomous robotic surgery for sinus lateral window preparation and simultaneous dental implant placement: A proof of concept.

Purpose: To present a novel protocol of sinus lateral window preparation and simultaneous dental implant placement using an autonomous robotic system.

Materials And Methods: The novel protocol consists of (1) preoperative data acquisition: cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scan; (2) preoperative design and surgery planning; (3) marker design, fabrication, and fixation; (4) registration and calibration; (5) osteotomy of the lateral window by a robotic system and elevation of the sinus membrane; (6) implant osteotomy simultaneously performed by an autonomous robotic system; (7) bone augmentation and implant placement; and (8) postoperative procedures: CBCT acquisition and accuracy assessment, if applicable.

Result: The protocol was an effective method for sinus lateral window preparation and simultaneous dental implant placement, with no reported intraoperative complications.

Enhanced photothermal therapy for oral cancer using benzothiadiazole-based nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels.

Recent advances in photothermal therapy (PTT) using nanoparticles (NPs), particularly benzothiadiazole-based agents, offer promising strategies for targeted cancer treatment with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects. However, challenges such as poor stability and limited retention at the tumour site persist, necessitating the development of advanced delivery systems to optimize the effectiveness of these NPs in clinical applications. In this study, we synthesized a benzothiadiazole-based photothermal small molecule, BPD-BBTD NPs, with a median particle size of 116 nm.

Expert consensus on digital restoration of complete dentures.

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy.

[Advances in the application of photoacoustic imaging technology for oral disease diagnosis].

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), an emerging hybrid imaging modality, integrates the high spatial resolution of optical imaging with the deep-tissue imaging capability of ultrasound. Emerging evidence from recent studies in dental medicine has demonstrated the unique potential of PAI in screening, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring of oral pathologies, including periodontal diseases, oral cancers, and pulpal disorders. However, its clinical translation remains contingent upon addressing multiple technical barriers, particularly signal attenuation induced by optical scattering in biological tissues and limitations in real-time imaging efficiency.

ITGA5-expressing tumor cells interact with Schwann cells to drive nerve growth factor-mediated immunosuppression of NK cells.

Perineural invasion (PNI) complicates cancer treatment by promoting tumor spread and immune evasion through interactions between tumor cells and peripheral nerves in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study investigates the role of tumor cells in PNI and their impact on neuro-immunomodulation. We identified a strong correlation between elevated ITGA5 expression and PNI, both associated with poor clinical outcomes due to their contribution to an immunosuppressive TME.

ATP6V0A4 as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Increasing evidence indicates that the dysregulation of ATP6V0A4 is linked to aggressive behaviors in various types of cancer. Nevertheless, the exact role and molecular mechanisms of ATP6V0A4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are not yet fully understood.

Methods: This study initially integrated TCGA and GEO databases for cross-platform differential gene screening.

Self-powered intracellular nanogenerator attenuates inflammatory osteolysis through mitochondrial MRS2/Mg-mediated macrophage repolarization and osteoclastogenesis inhibition.

Inflammatory bone resorption is present in common oral and maxillofacial diseases. Macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammatory process of bone. It has been shown that M1 macrophages cause bone homeostasis and bone resorption disorders, and M2 macrophage-related cytokines inhibit osteoclast generation.