Soluble Sema4D From γδ T Cells Exerts Osteoblast Inhibition via Plexin-B/mTOR Signalling Contributing to Pathogenesis of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a severe complication in patients undergoing long-term bisphosphonate therapy, while our knowledge on the pathogenesis of BRONJ is far from sufficient. Gamma delta (γδ) T cells predominantly distribute in mucosal tissues and play an important role in both immune modulation and bone metabolism; however, the mechanism of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of BRONJ has not been elucidated. Here, we induced BRONJ-like lesions in wild-type (WT) and T-cell receptor delta-deficient (TCRδ) mice via intraperitoneal zoledronate injection.

Polystyrene nanoplastics-induced methuosis in brain microvascular endothelial cells: Rescue via ESCRT membrane repair system.

Nanoplastic pollution has emerged as a significant environmental concern, with increasing evidence suggesting that these nanoparticles can disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and accumulate in the brain, ultimately leading to neurological impairment. However, the underlying mechanism for the toxic effects of nanoplastics on the BBB remain poorly understood. In this study, we explored the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastic (PSNP) on brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), one of the most critical components for maintaining BBB integrity.

Regulation of nanomaterials in peripheral nerve regeneration from a microenvironmental perspective: biological effects and mechanisms.

The pathological microenvironment following peripheral nerve injury (PNI) comprises a dynamic interplay of cellular and molecular events that critically influence neuronal regeneration and functional recovery. Recent advances in nanotechnology have demonstrated the transformative potential of nanomaterials (NMs) in nerve repair, capitalizing on their unique physicochemical properties to engineer a pro-regenerative milieu that facilitates axonal regrowth. This review systematically explores the biological mechanisms by which NMs modulate and remodel the injury niche, thereby enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR).

Intranasal Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Neuronal PANoptosis via Microglial Pathway.

Recent data have revealed an increased risk of respiratory exposure during the manufacturing process and application of nanomaterials, resulting in an increased incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in the general population. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) are among the most used nanomaterials in biomedical and manufactured consumer products. In this study, neurological dysfunction after intranasal administration of ZNPs is observed, in which the ZNPs enter the brain via the nose-to-brain pathway and accumulate in microglia but not in astrocytes or neurons.

ZNPs reduce epidermal mechanical strain resistance by promoting desmosomal cadherin endocytosis via mTORC1-TFEB-BLOC1S3 axis.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) are widely used in sunscreens and nanomedicines, and it was recently confirmed that ZNPs can penetrate stratum corneum into deep epidermis. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the impact of ZNPs on epidermis. In this study, ZNPs were applied to mouse skin at a relatively low concentration for one week.

Nanomaterials-induced programmed cell death: Focus on mitochondria.

Nanomaterials are widely utilized in several domains, such as everyday life, societal manufacturing, and biomedical applications, which expand the potential for nanomaterials to penetrate biological barriers and interact with cells. Multiple studies have concentrated on the particular or improper utilization of nanomaterials, resulting in cellular death. The primary mode of cell death caused by nanotoxicity is programmable cell death, which includes apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis.

Graphene-Based Material-Mediated Immunomodulation in Tissue Engineering and Regeneration: Mechanism and Significance.

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine hold promise for improving or even restoring the function of damaged organs. Graphene-based materials (GBMs) have become a key player in biomaterials applied to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. A series of cellular and molecular events, which affect the outcome of tissue regeneration, occur after GBMs are implanted into the body.

Generalized anxiety disorder among rural primary and middle school students during the outbreak of COVID-19: a multicenter study in three southern Chinese cities.

Background: The major public health crisis caused by the rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the large-scale public health measures such as social isolation and school closures enforced by some countries have severely affected on the physical and mental wellbeing of children and adolescents globally. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the psychological impact and investigate the similarities and differences in the influential factors for generalized anxiety disorder among rural adolescents as a relatively lesser noticed population the outbreak of COVID-19.

Methods: From May 11 to 22, 2020, a total of 1,179 adolescents, including Grade 5-6 in primary school and Grade 7-8 in middle school, were selected by multistage sampling in three Southern Chinese cities (Shantou, Guangdong Province; Hezhou, Guangxi Province; Nanchong, Sichuan Province), and completed the questionnaires including sociodemographic, generalized anxiety disorder, academic stress, coronaphobia, knowledge of COVID-19, and precautionary measures.