Surface-Driven Electron Localization and Defect Heterogeneity in Ceria.

The exceptional performance of ceria (CeO) in catalysis and energy conversion is fundamentally governed by its defect chemistry, particularly oxygen vacancies. The formation of each oxygen vacancy (V) is assumed to be compensated by two localized electrons on cations (Ce). Here, we show by combining theory with experiment that while this 1 V: 2Ce ratio accounts for the global charge compensation, it does not apply at the local scale, particularly in nanoparticles.

Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Based on Nanocomposites.

Around a decade ago, several reviews on nanocomposite photocatalysts were published [...

Research advances of amorphous metal oxides with the feature of Pseudocapacitance behavior in Lithium ion battery.

Amorphous metal oxides have emerged as a promising class of materials for advanced energy storage applications, owing to their unique structural characteristics including abundant defects/vacancies, highly permeable diffusion networks, and isotropic stress distribution. However, many studies have provided detailed descriptions and explanations of crystalline metal oxides, there is a lack of corresponding reviews on amorphous metal oxide materials, especially in terms of their applications in lithium-ion electrochemical energy storage and conversion. This comprehensive review systematically summarizes recent advancements in pseudocapacitive amorphous metal oxide anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.

Bridging the Thermal Divide: Nano-Architectonics and Interface Engineering Strategies for High-Performance 2D Material-Based Polymer Composites.

Polymeric materials play a crucial role in thermal management because of their balanced mechanical and insulating properties. However, when combined with two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, their low thermal conductivity is limited by interfacial thermal resistance (ITR). Although 2D nanosheets can improve the thermal performance of composites, aggregation and ITR are still major obstacles.

GWAS study of myelosuppression among NSCLC patients receiving platinum-based combination chemotherapy.

Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the mainstay for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but it frequently causes dose-limiting myelosuppression, with significant individual variability in susceptibility. However, the genetic basis of myelosuppression side effects remains elusive, greatly hindering personalized therapeutic approaches. In this study, we perform a comprehensive genome-wide association analysis on 491 NSCLC patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy, examining 4,690,998 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify relevant genetic variants.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin-containing 2,4-diphenylpyrimidine derivatives as novel focal adhesion kinase inhibitors for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

A series of hybrids (8a-h and 11a-h) containing 2,4-diphenylpyrimidine scaffold and coumarin moiety were designed and synthesized as novel focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors for the intervention of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Most compounds effectively suppressed the proliferative of NSCLC cells, and compound 8a was identified as the most active compound with IC value of 0.28 μM in H1299 cells, superior to TAE226 (IC = 2.

Theoretical computation of C-C coupling reactions by different C intermediates at Cu and CuAg clusters supported on TiO.

*CO dimerization is a well-known pathway for C-C bond formation, producing C products. However, the mechanisms of C-C coupling between other C intermediates remain less explored. In this study, we investigate C-C bond formation involving *CO, *CHO, *COH, and other C intermediates on Cu and CuAg clusters supported on TiO.

Unveiling the Role of Protein Posttranslational Modifications in Glioma Prognosis.

Background: Gliomas represent the most aggressive malignancies of the central nervous system, with posttranslational modifications (PTMs) emerging as critical regulators of oncogenic processes through dynamic protein functional modulation. Despite their established role in tumor biology, the systematic characterization of PTM-mediated molecular mechanisms driving glioma progression remains unexplored. This study aims to uncover the molecular mechanisms of glioma, with a focus on the role of PTMs.

Developing a quantitative adulteration discrimination model for forest-grown Panax notoginseng using near-infrared spectroscopy with a dual-branch network.

The ecological cultivation of herbs is gaining popularity due to its superior quality and greater economic value, with increasing applications in functional foods. However, profit-driven motives have led to the mislabeling of conventionally grown herbs as ecologically cultivated. Species consistency presents new challenges in authenticity identification, especially in detecting adulteration.

Berberine Alleviates Kainic Acid-Induced Acute Epileptic Seizures in Mice via Reshaping Gut Microbiota-Associated Lipid Metabolism.

Background: Berberine (BBR) has been reported to mitigate epileptic seizures. However, the potential mechanism of its anti-seizure effect remains uncharacterized.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of BBR on acute epileptic seizures induced by kainic acid (KA) in mice and further explore its mechanism of action in the aspect of analysis of gut microbiota.

Accelerating the Zn Transport Kinetics in the Pre-Solvated Artificial Protective Layer via Preferential Electrostatic Interactions for Stable Zinc Anode.

The intrinsic safety and cost-effectiveness of the aqueous zinc ion batteries hold the potential for grid-scale energy storage. However, the uncontrolled dendrite growth, parasitic reactions, and electrochemical corrosion of the anode due to the random Zn transport near the anode hinder its practical applications. Herein, a pre-solvated artificial protective layer (ps-APL) with a nitrogen-containing functional group is constructed by an in situ polymerization strategy to stabilize the Zn anode via boosted Zn mass transport kinetics and oriented exposure of the Zn(002) facets.

Joint suppression method for range-Doppler ambiguity sidelobes in DTMB-based passive bistatic radar.

To mitigate the impact of the suboptimal ambiguity function of digital television terrestrial multimedia broadcasting (DTMB) signal, used as the illuminator of opportunity in passive bistatic radar, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the ambiguity function characteristics based on the physical structure of the DTMB signal frame. It elucidates the mechanisms behind intra-frame and inter-frame range sidelobes, as well as Doppler sidelobes. Building on this analysis, a novel joint method for suppressing range-Doppler ambiguity sidelobes is proposed to achieve unambiguous target detection.

Influence of Copper Valence in CuO/TiO Catalysts on the Selectivity of Carbon Dioxide Photocatalytic Reduction Products.

The Cu cocatalyst supported on the surface of TiO photocatalysts has demonstrated unique activity and selectivity in photocatalytic CO reduction. The valence state of copper significantly influences the catalytic process; however, due to the inherent instability of copper's valence states, the precise role of different valence states in CO reduction remains inadequately understood. In this study, CuO/TiO catalysts were synthesized using an in situ growth reduction method, and we investigated the impact of various valence copper species on CO photocatalytic reduction.

Effects of surface oxygen vacancy on CO adsorption and its activation towards CH using metal (Cu, Pd, CuPd) cluster-loaded TiO catalysts: a first principles study.

The conversion of the highly selective CO reduction reaction (CORR) into desired value-added multicarbon compounds, like CH, is crucial, but it is mainly constrained by the high energy barrier for C-C coupling and the multi-electron transfer process. Herein, M/TiO and M/TiO-V (M = Cu, Pd, CuPd, and V refers to the surface oxygen vacancy) catalysts were designed to study the CORR towards CH by using density functional theory (DFT). We found that the surface oxygen vacancy enhances the adsorption ability of studied catalysts.

A Hypothesis on the Function of High-Valent Fe in NiFe (Hydr)oxide in the Oxygen-Evolution Reaction.

This study investigated the dynamic changes in NiFe (hydr)oxide and identified the role of high-valent Fe in the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) within alkaline media via in situ techniques. Several high-valent Fe ions were found to remain considerably stable in the absence of potential in NiFe (hydr)oxide, even 96 hours after the OER. For Ni hydroxide treated with Fe ions, where Fe sites are introduced onto the surface of Ni hydroxide, no Fe species were detected at the rate-determining step (RDS).

Functionalized Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes in Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries for Flexible Devices: Challenges and Strategies.

The rapid development of wearable and intelligent flexible devices has posed strict requirements for power sources, including excellent mechanical strength, inherent safety, high energy density, and eco-friendliness. Zn-ion batteries with aqueous quasi-solid-state electrolytes (AQSSEs) with various functional groups that contain electronegative atoms (O/N/F) with tunable electron accumulation states are considered as a promising candidate to power the flexible devices and tremendous progress has been achieved in this prospering area. Herein, this review proposes a comprehensive summary of the recent achievements using the AQSSE in flexible devices by focusing on the significance of different functional groups.

Efficient Production of Graphene through a Partially Frozen Suspension Exfoliation Process: An Insight into the Enhanced Interaction Based on Solid-Solid Interfaces.

Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) offers a promising path for scalable graphene production, but struggles with high energy consumption and low yield, with over 99.99% of the input energy wasted. Here, we present an energy-efficient approach for producing graphene via partially frozen-suspension exfoliation (PFE).

Suppressing Se Vacancies in SbSe Photocathode by In Situ Annealing with Moderate Se Vapor Pressure for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.

SbSe emerges as a promising material for solar energy conversion devices. Unfortunately, the common deep-level defect V (selenium vacancy) in SbSe results in a low solar conversion efficiency. The post selenization process has been widely adopted for suppressing V.

Engineering multi-component 3DOM FeVCrO catalysts with high oxygen mobility for the oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-butene with CO.

Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of 1-butene with CO to 1,3-butadiene (BD) Fe-based catalysts is a promising strategy, and the mobility of lattice oxygen plays a key role in the catalytic reaction. However, the catalytic activity of Fe-based catalysts is limited by the poor lattice oxygen mobility. To improve the mobility of lattice oxygen and optimize the ODH reaction, a series of 3DOM Fe-based catalysts (FeVAlO, FeCrAlO, and FeVCrAlO) were prepared by PMMA template method.

mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Restoration of PTPN14 Exhibits Antitumor Effects by Overcoming Anoikis Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a challenging prognosis due to early metastasis driven by anoikis resistance. Identifying crucial regulators to overcome this resistance is vital for improving patient outcomes. In this study, a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in TNBC cells has identified tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 14 (PTPN14) as a key regulator of anoikis resistance.

Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework for NADH Regeneration by Hydrogen in a Redox Flow Bioreactor.

The electrochemical regeneration of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) using [Rh(Cp*)(bpy)Cl] holds significant promise for the industrial synthesis of chiral chemicals. However, challenges persist due to the high consumption of NADH and the limited efficiency of its cyclic regeneration, which currently hinder widespread application. To address these obstacles, based on in-situ growth of 3D ordered metal-organic framework (NU-1000) on the surface of graphite felt, [Rh(Cp*)(bpy)Cl] were immobilized on the Zr nodes of NU-1000 by solvent-assisted ligand incorporation (SALI), and applied in a flow bioreactor.

Isolation and purification of carbohydrate components in functional food: a review.

Medicinal plants, increasingly utilized in functional foods, possess potent therapeutic properties and health-promoting functions, with carbohydrates playing a crucial role and exhibiting a range of effects, such as antioxidant, antitumor, immune-enhancing, antibacterial, anticoagulant, and hypoglycemic activities. However, comprehensively, accurately, rapidly, and economically assessing the quality of carbohydrate components is challenging due to their diverse and complex nature. Additionally, the purification and identification of carbohydrates also guarantee related efficacy research.

Efficient Holes Abstraction by Precisely Decorating Ruthenium Single Atoms and RuO Clusters on ZnInS for Photocatalytic Pure Water Splitting.

Developing efficient photocatalysts for two-electron water splitting with simultaneous HO and H generation shows great promise for practical application. Currently, the efficiency of two-electron water splitting is still restricted by the low utilization of photogenerated charges, especially holes, of which the transfer rate is much slower than that of electrons. Herein, Ru single atoms and RuO clusters are co-decorated on ZnInS (RuO/Ru-ZIS) to employ as multifunctional sites for efficient photocatalytic pure water splitting.