A mouse brain stereotaxic topographic atlas with isotropic 1-μm resolution.

Multi-omics studies, represented by connectomes and spatial transcriptomes, have entered the era of single-cell resolution, necessitating a reference brain atlas with spatial localization capability at the single-cell level. However, such atlases are unavailable. Here we present a whole mouse brain dataset of Nissl-based cytoarchitecture with isotropic 1-μm resolution, achieved through continuous micro-optical sectioning tomography.

Effect of Chitooligosaccharides on TLR2/NF-κB Signaling in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages.

Chitooligosaccharides (COSs), degraded products of chitosan or chitin, are attracting growing interest owing to their low degree of polymerization (DP), high solubility, and prominent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the correlation between their structure and anti-inflammatory activities still needs to be explored. In this study, we use LPS-stimulated RAW 264.

Bridging the Thermal Divide: Nano-Architectonics and Interface Engineering Strategies for High-Performance 2D Material-Based Polymer Composites.

Polymeric materials play a crucial role in thermal management because of their balanced mechanical and insulating properties. However, when combined with two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, their low thermal conductivity is limited by interfacial thermal resistance (ITR). Although 2D nanosheets can improve the thermal performance of composites, aggregation and ITR are still major obstacles.

Exploring the Bioactive Constituents and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction in Hypercholesterolemia Treatment Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS Integrated With Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology.

Rational: Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction (SHD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used widely in East Asian Countries for hundreds of years and recent studies have implied its lipid-lowering and cardiovascular protective effects. However, the active components and potential mechanism of SHD in treating hypercholesterolemia (HC) remain unclear.

Methods: UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS was used to annotate the components in SHD, and then, the efficacy of SHD in alleviating HC was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized ultra-small FeO nanoparticles-functionalized graphene oxide with synergistically enhanced peroxidase-like activity for glutathione colorimetric determination in rat serum.

A highly efficient colorimetric sensor was developed for detecting glutathione using polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized ultra-small FeO nanoparticles integrated with graphene oxide (GO-FeO). These nanoparticles are highly water-dispersible and uniformly distributed, enabling extensive interaction with the analyte and enhancing detection sensitivity. The integration of FeO nanoparticles on the graphene oxide surface prevents aggregation and exposes more active sites, thereby enhancing their catalytic activity significantly.

Correlations of pilot trainees' brainwave dynamics with subjective performance evaluations: insights from EEG microstate analysis.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the subjective performance evaluations on pilot trainees' aircraft control abilities and their brainwave dynamics reflected in the results from EEG microstate analysis. Specifically, we seek to identify correlations between distinct microstate patterns and each dimension included in the subjective flight control evaluations, shedding light on the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying aviation expertise and possible directions for future improvements in pilot training.

Background: Proficiency in aircraft control is crucial for aviation safety and modern aviation where pilots need to maneuver aircraft through an array of situations, ranging from routine takeoffs and landings to complex weather conditions and emergencies.

Targeting ubiquitin-independent proteasome with small molecule increases susceptibility in pan-KRAS-mutant cancer models.

Despite advances in the development of direct KRAS inhibitors, KRAS-mutant cancers continue to exhibit resistance to the currently available therapies. Here, we identified REGγ as a mutant KRAS-associated factor that enhanced REGγ transcription through the KRAS intermediate NRF2, suggesting that the REGγ-proteasome is a potential target for pan-KRAS inhibitor development. We elucidated a mechanism involving the KRAS/NRF2/REGγ regulatory axis, which links activated KRAS to the ATP- and ubiquitin-independent proteasome.

Efficacy, physicochemical and processing properties of oat peptides prepared via ultrasonication-assisted organic acid hydrolysis.

Currently, the low efficiency and pollution issues associated with biological and chemical methods for the preparation of functional peptides continue to pose challenges, restricting the large-scale production and utilization of functional peptides. This study has found that the ultrasound-assisted organic acid-surfactant system is an efficient and green method for the preparation of functional peptides. The probe ultrasonication-assisted tartaric acid system successfully degraded oat globulins into peptides with a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 22.

Microwave-assisted Lewis acid catalysis for one-step preparation of high-performance buckwheat peptide-based films: Efficacy, mechanism, and applications.

This study presents a novel method for the efficient preparation of peptide-based films through microwave-assisted Lewis acid catalysis (MALC) of buckwheat globulin (BG). The MALC process efficiently degraded BG into small molecular peptides (1.6-1.

Crystal Facet Regulation and Ru Incorporation of CoO for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysis.

Acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has long been the bottleneck of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. Ru- and Ir-based oxides are currently state-of-the-art electrocatalysts for acidic OER, but their high cost limits their widespread application. CoO is a promising alternative, yet the performance requires further improvement.

Discovery of Novel PROTAC-Based HPK1 Degraders with High Potency and Selectivity for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1, MAP4K1), a serine/threonine (SER/THR) kinase, has been identified as a negative immune regulator of T-cell receptor signaling. Deprivation of the HPK1 function suppresses tumor growth, providing an attractive strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we present a novel PROTAC-based HPK1 degrader compound with high selectivity and potency.

Monitoring pilot trainees' cognitive control under a simulator-based training process with EEG microstate analysis.

The objective of pilot training is to equip trainees with the knowledge, judgment, and skills to maintain control of an aircraft and respond to critical flight tasks. The present research aims to investigate changes in trainees' cognitive control levels during a pilot training process while they underwent basic flight maneuvers. EEG microstate analysis was applied together with spectral power features to quantitatively monitor trainees' cognitive control under varied flight tasks during different training sessions on a flight simulator.

NL101 synergizes with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax through PI3K-dependent suppression of c-Myc in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Background: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) comprises a group of heterogeneous and aggressive haematological malignancies with unsatisfactory prognoses and limited treatment options. Treatments targeting B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) with venetoclax have been approved for patients with AML, and venetoclax-based drug combinations are becoming the standard of care for older patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy. However, the therapeutic duration of either single or combination strategies is limited, and the development of resistance seems inevitable.

Reactivity of Ultrathin Kagome Metal FeSn toward Oxygen and Water.

The kagome metal FeSn consists of alternating layers of kagome-lattice FeSn and honeycomb Sn and exhibits great potential for applications in future low-energy electronics and spintronics because of an ideal combination of topological phases and high-temperature magnetic ordering. Robust synthesis methods for ultrathin FeSn films, as well as an understanding of their air stability, are crucial for its development and long-term operation in future devices. In this work, we realize large-area, <10 nm thick, epitaxial FeSn thin films and explore the oxidation process synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy using oxygen and water dosing, as well as air exposure.

Soluble Guanylate Cyclase α1 Gene Influences Egg-Laying Amount and Hatching Rate in Bombyx mori.

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) serves as a receptor of nitric oxide (NO) and is the core metalloenzyme in the NO signal transduction pathway. sGC plays a key role in the NO-cGMP signal transduction pathway and participates in various physiological processes, including cell differentiation, neuron transmission, and internal environment homeostasis. sGC consists of two subunits, α and β, each subunit containing multiple isoforms.

Wogonin induces mitochondrial apoptosis and synergizes with venetoclax in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is among the most aggressive hematological malignancies and patients are commonly treated with combinatorial immunochemotherapies such as R-CHOP. Till now, the prognoses are still variable and unsatisfactory, depending on the molecular subtype and the treatment response. Developing effective and tolerable new agents is always urgently needed, and compounds from a natural source have gained increasing attentions.

Modulation of Kondo Behavior in a Two-Dimensional Epitaxial Bilayer Bi(111)/FeGeTe Moiré Heterostructure.

Artificial two-dimensional (2D) moiré superlattices provide a platform for generating exotic quantum matter or phenomena. Here, an epitaxial heterostructure composed of bilayer Bi(111) and an FeGeTe substrate with a zero-twist angle is acquired by molecular beam epitaxy. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies reveal the spatially tailored Kondo resonance and interfacial magnetism within this moiré superlattice.

Single-neuron projectome-guided analysis reveals the neural circuit mechanism underlying endogenous opioid antinociception.

Endogenous opioid antinociception is a self-regulatory mechanism that reduces chronic pain, but its underlying circuit mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that endogenous opioid antinociception required the activation of mu-opioid receptors (MORs) in GABAergic neurons of the central amygdala nucleus (CEA) in a persistent-hyperalgesia mouse model. Pharmacogenetic suppression of these CEA neurons, which mimics the effect of MOR activation, alleviated the persistent hyperalgesia.

Modified zero-valent iron nanoparticles enhanced remediation of PCBs-contaminated soil.

The high toxicity and persistence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment require effective remediation of PCBs-contaminated soil. This study used polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG-4000) to modify zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) and conducted characterization analysis. It was found that when the addition amount of PLA was 2 %, the dispersion of modified nZVI was better.

Effects of antibiotics on secondary metabolism and oxidative stress in oilseed rape seeds.

Cruciferae brassica oilseed rape is the third largest oilseed crop in the world and the first in China, as well as a fertilizer-dependent crop. With the increased application of organic fertilizers from livestock manure in agricultural production in recent years, the resulting antibiotic pollution and its ecological health effects have attracted widespread attention. In this study, typical tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotics tetracycline (TC) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) were used to investigate the effects of antibiotics on rapeseed quality and oxidative stress at the level of secondary metabolism on the basis of examining the effects of the two drugs on the growth of soil-cultivated rapeseed seedlings.

2D Ferromagnetic MGeTe (M = Ni/Fe) for Boosting Intermediates Adsorption toward Faster Water Oxidation.

In this work, 2D ferromagnetic MGeTe (MGT, M = Ni/Fe) nanosheets with rich atomic Te vacancies (2D-MGT) are demonstrated as efficient OER electrocatalyst via a general mechanical exfoliation strategy. X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) results validate the dominant presence of metal-O moieties and rich Te vacancies, respectively. The formed Te vacancies are active for the adsorption of OH* and O* species while the metal-O moieties promote the O* and OOH* adsorption, contributing synergistically to the faster oxygen evolution kinetics.