A sorghum seed variety identification method based on image-hyperspectral fusion and an improved deep residual convolutional network.

Introduction: Sorghum is an important food and feed crop. Identifying sorghum seed varieties is crucial for ensuring seed quality, improving planting efficiency, and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

Methods: This study proposes a high-precision classification method based on the fusion of RGB images and hyperspectral data, using an improved deep residual convolutional neural network.

Quanzhenyiqitang and its polysaccharides alleviate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease inflammatory injury through TLR4/MyD88/MAPK signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Quanzhenyiqitang (QZYQT) is a classic decoction used for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with Quanzhenyiqitang polysaccharides (QZYQTP) identified as the active component. Both have demonstrated effectiveness in treating COPD in clinical and experimental studies. However, the active components and potential mechanisms in treating COPD remain incompletely understood.

Cell-Active, Irreversible Covalent Inhibitors Targeting a Surface-Exposed Non-Catalytic Lysine on Aurora a Kinase by Using Squarate Chemistry.

Targeting surface-exposed lysines in kinases through covalent modification presents a major challenge due to their high pK and inherently low reactivity. While current research primarily targets more reactive catalytic lysines buried in the ATP-binding pocket, no systematic rational strategy has yet been developed for selectively engaging surface-exposed lysines. Herein, we present a versatile strategy for developing cell-active covalent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) by selectively targeting unique surface-exposed lysines using squarate chemistry.

Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of 4-Methoxy-1-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-]quinolines as Highly Potent and Oral Available RIOK2 Inhibitors.

RIOK2 is a promising therapeutic target in cancer due to its pivotal role in tumor progression. Based on our previously identified RIOK2 inhibitor CQ211, we conducted a comprehensive pharmacokinetic optimization campaign, leading to the discovery of CQ3196 as a potent and orally bioavailable RIOK2 inhibitor. CQ3196 demonstrates remarkable RIOK2 binding affinity, with a value of 14 nM, and exhibits potent proliferative inhibitory activities in gastric cancer cell lines.

The design and synthesis of selective and potent selenium-containing KRAS inhibitors.

KRAS is the most common KRAS mutation and a promising therapeutic target for various type cancers, particularly pancreatic cancer. In this study, we employed a structure-based drug design approach to develop a series of 2-aminobenzo[b]selenophene-3-carbonitrile derivatives as potent and selective KRAS inhibitors. The representative compound (R)-5a effectively and selectively inhibited the proliferation of KRAS harboring AsPC-1 cells, with an IC value of 10 nM, while sparing other KRAS and KRAS cell lines.

Enhancing antioxidant activity of rice protein hydrolysates through glycosylation modification.

Objective: This work sought to improve the potential use of rice protein by examining the antioxidant activity of glycosylated rice protein hydrolysates (RPH).

Methods: RPH were produced via the enzymatic breakdown of rice protein powder utilizing trypsin. Then, using the Maillard reaction, these hydrolysates were glycosylated with three functional monosaccharides to create RPH-fructose (RPH-F), RPH-xylose (RPH-X), and RPH-arabinose (RPH-A).

Maximized circularly polarized luminescence from metal clusters accelerates chiral photopolymerization.

The practical application of the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emitted from chiral substances faces significant hurdles, primarily due to the small luminescence dissymmetry factor (g) and low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Herein, we demonstrate a hierarchical system in which metal clusters exhibit excellent CPL performance, with both excellent g factors and high PLQYs, thereby triggering enantioselective photopolymerization. Their CPL activities are sequentially amplified in different assembly forms induced by liquid crystals (LCs), and the maximum g factor is increased by 1240 times, reaching a value of 1.

Dietary supplementation with glutamate improves the flesh quality of gibel carp () by altering muscle texture characteristics and increasing the deposition of flavour substances.

Nutrition intervention is an effective way to improve flesh qualities of fish. The effect of feed supplementation with glutamate (Glu) on flesh quality of gibel carp () was investigated. In trial 1, the fish (initial weight: 37.

Exploring biomarkers for noise-induced hearing loss through mitochondrial DNA methylation analysis.

Objective: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), resulting from occupational noise exposure, is a significant health concern with considerable economic and social implications. It is the most commonly reported occupational disease in developing countries. Noise causes cochlear cell damage by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to cell apoptosis.

The role and mechanism of the cGAS-STING pathway-mediated ROS in apoptosis and ferroptosis induced by manganese exposure.

Environmental exposure to elevated manganese (Mn) levels is significantly associated with neurocognitive deficits, attracting widespread attention, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined. Ferroptosis is recognized as a crucial contributor to cognitive impairments. Our study demonstrates that Mn exposure activates the cGAS-STING pathway, mediating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and subsequently inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis.

Comprehensive analysis of the gut microbial diversity and metabolic profiles of brown bears and black bears from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

Brown bears (Ursus arctos) and black bears (Ursus thibetanus) are important species on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. However, limited studies have been conducted on these species due to sampling constraints. This study, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics, analyzed fecal samples from six wild brown bears and six wild black bears.

BAHCC1 binds H4K20me1 to facilitate the MCM complex loading and DNA replication.

Mono-methylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1) regulates DNA replication, cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair. How exactly H4K20me1 regulates these biological processes remains unclear. Here, we report that an evolutionarily conserved tandem Tudor domain (TTD) in BAHCC1 (BAHCC1) selectively reads H4K20me1 for facilitating replication origin activation and DNA replication.

Honokiol Targeting SIRT3: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities.

Honokiol (HKL), one of the major bioactive components of the traditional Chinese medicine Magnolia officinalis, has garnered significant attention because of its extensive pharmacological activities. Numerous studies have demonstrated that SIRT3 plays a crucial regulatory role in the disease intervention mechanisms mediated by HKL. HKL can bind to the SIRT3 protein, not only directly increasing its deacetylase activity but also forming a positive feedback loop by activating its transcription factors, thereby further promoting SIRT3 expression.

Lovastatin enhanced immune response to avian influenza vaccine in chickens and changed mRNA expression in the bursa of fabricius.

Inactivated vaccines play a pivotal role in preventing avian influenza outbreaks caused by H9N2 viruses. In this study, we employed lovastatin as an adjuvant for a whole-virus H9N2 inactivated vaccine and assessed its immunogenicity in chickens. Immunization effectiveness was evaluated through antibody titers, immune organ indices, phenotypic analysis of T lymphocytes, and RNA-sequencing of the bursa of Fabricius.

Molecular Stress Response of Mitochondria during Electrostimulation Evoking Stem Cell Differentiation Revealed by Fluorescence Imaging Combined with SERS Spectra.

Stem cells are a class of multipotential cells with the capability of self-replication, which can differentiate into multiple functional cells under extra stimulus. The differentiation of stem cells has important implications for tissue regeneration. Therefore, controllable regulation of dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) behaviors is critical for repairment and regeneration of damaged teeth tissues.

CSU-MS: A Contrastive Learning Framework for Cross-Modal Compound Identification from MS/MS Spectra to Molecular Structures.

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is a cornerstone for compound identification in complex mixtures, but conventional spectral matching approaches face critical limitations due to limited library coverage and matching algorithms. To address this, we propose CSU-MS (contrastively spectral-structural Unification framework for MS/MS Spectra and Molecular Structures), a novel framework that bridges MS/MS spectra and molecular structures through cross-modal contrastive learning. CSU-MS uniquely integrates an External Space Attention Aggregation (ESA) module to dynamically align spectral and structural features, enabling direct retrieval of molecular candidates from a unified embedding space.

Establishment of a TaqMan Quantitative Real-Time PCR for Detecting .

Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) is an infectious disease in pigs, caused by (LI), affecting their intestines during growth and finishing stages, leading to higher production costs. Current detection methods for LI face two main challenges, delayed results and high costs, making them impractical for large-scale pig farming epidemiological surveys. This study developed a TaqMan-qPCR method using specific probes and primers based on the LI aspartate ammonia lyase genes from GenBank, completing detection in just 45 min.

Retrospective comparation of three surgical interventions for retained products of conception (RPOC) following terminations of pregnancy in the second and third trimesters: a single center study.

Objectives: This study aimed to report our experience and explore optimal surgical interventions for treating retained products of conception (RPOC) following second and third-trimester pregnancies.

Material And Methods: Medical records of women who underwent either ultrasound-guided dilatation and curettage (D&C) or hysteroscopic electroresection of RPOC at the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China, between 2018 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups based on surgical methods and intervention timing.

Discovery of Novel Inhibitors for WD Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (WDR5)-MYC Protein-Protein Interaction.

The WD Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (WDR5) and MYC interaction is crucial for MYC-mediated oncogenesis, yet effective therapeutic intervention remains challenging due to the limited efficacy of current treatments targeting WDR5. Herein, we report the discovery of novel WDR5-MYC protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors with improved potency and drug-like properties by utilizing a generative chemistry platform along with a physics-model-based tool AlChemistry. Initially, three hits were identified with reasonable binding affinity for WDR5, and further refinement through detailed structural analysis led to the discovery of sub-micromolar affinity compounds (compound 9c-1), which are > 30-fold better than reported inhibitors.

Enhanced remediation of co-contaminated agricultural soils under cold stress by immobilized bacterial agents: A perspective based on abundance differences.

This study explored the enhanced remediation effects and microbial mechanisms of the immobilized microbial agent B&Ma19, compared to the microbial agent Ma19, in cold-region farmland co-contaminated with antibiotics and heavy metals during winter. B&Ma19 achieved superior fluoroquinolone degradation and significantly reduced the bioavailability of copper and zinc, while Ma19 treatment only reduced the content of available zinc. Microbial community analysis revealed that B&Ma19 promoted the proliferation of Firmicutes and increased the relative abundance of rare taxa during the freeze-thaw and freezing phases.

Cycloastragenol reduces inflammation in CLP-induced septic MICE by suppressing TLR4 signaling pathways.

Background: Aggressive systemic inflammation due to activation of macrophage-derived excessive immune responses is a critical cause of sepsis leading to clinical death. The effect of cycloastragenol (CAG) on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced systemic inflammation in mice with sepsis and the underlying mechanism are still unknown.

Purpose: Here, we firstly investigated the ameliorative functions of CAG in CLP-induced systemic inflammation in sepsis and LPS-mediated inflammatory response, and the impact of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway on the anti-inflammatory effects of CAG.

Lysine-Targeting, Covalent Inhibitors of Bromodomain BD1 of BET Proteins in Live Cells and Animals.

The bromodomain extra-terminal (BET) family of proteins are valuable therapeutic targets for cancer and other diseases. The adverse events of current pan-BET inhibitors (BETi) make the development of BET BD1- or BD2-selective inhibitors as a fresh avenue to overcome safety challenges. On the basis of various lysine-reactive covalent warheads herein we report a set of activity-based probes (ABPs; P3-P7) capable of global profiling of ligandable lysines within bromodomains (BRDs) in live cells and animals.

Low-background Near-infrared Fluorescent Probe for Real-time Monitoring of β-Glucuronidase Activity in Inflammation and Therapy.

β-Glucuronidase (GUS) is an acidic hydrolase enzyme overexpressed in various inflammatory diseases, making it a promising biomarker for inflammation. However, current tools for real-time, imaging of GUS activity are hindered by background interference, which reduces their effectiveness in dynamic biological environments. To address this challenge, we developed Ox-GUS, a GUS-specific fluorescent probe with a unique molecular design featuring a disrupted conjugated structure.

Therapeutic targeting the cGAS-STING pathway associated with protein and gene: An emerging and promising novel strategy for aging-related neurodegenerative disease.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represent a rapidly escalating global health challenge, contributing significantly to the worldwide disease burden and posing substantial threats to public health systems across nations. Among the many risk factors for neurodegeneration, aging is the major risk factor. In the context of aging, multiple factors lead to the release of endogenous DNA (especially mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA), which is an important trigger for the activation of the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway.

Prunella vulgaris polyphenols alleviate liver injury-uveitis comorbidity by regulating acylcarnitine via the S100A9-PP2A-AMPK pathway.

Background: Liver injury and uveitis pose severe threats to human health. Owing to the close relationship of physiology and pathology between the liver and the eyes, cases in which both conditions occur simultaneously are not uncommon in clinical settings, significantly complicating treatment. However, no suitable comorbid animal model has been reported, and research on the pathological mechanisms of this comorbidity is lacking.