Large Language Models for CAD-RADS 2.0 Extraction From Semi-Structured Coronary CT Angiography Reports: A Multi-Institutional Study.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of large language models (LLMs) in extracting Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) 2.0 components from coronary CT angiography (CCTA) reports, and assess the impact of prompting strategies.

Materials And Methods: In this multi-institutional study, we collected 319 synthetic, semi-structured CCTA reports from six institutions to protect patient privacy while maintaining clinical relevance.

NOD2 Promotes Glioblastoma Progression Through Effects on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stemness.

: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most aggressive and lethal primary brain malignancies, characterized by rapid proliferation, extensive invasiveness, and a dismal prognosis. Emerging evidence implicates nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (), an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, as a potential driver of GBM progression. This study investigates NOD2's role in promoting glioblastoma through its effects on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers.

Platform study of circulating tumor DNA directed adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer (CLAUDIA colon cancer, KCSG CO22-12).

Background: Tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis allows for the sensitive detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) and has the potential to enhance patient stratification for adjuvant chemotherapy. We hypothesize that intensifying adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer patients with postoperative MRD positivity may reduce recurrence and improve survival outcomes.

Methods: This multi-center platform trial (NCT05534087) consists of a prospective observational study (Part 1) and an interventional randomized trial (Part 2).

Longitudinal insights into the natural history of Type 2 diabetes among Koreans: A 20-year community-based prospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the natural history of diabetes mellitus (DM) based on metabolic phenotypes of prediabetes in a community-based prospective study.

Methods: Individuals aged 40-69 years without DM were followed for 20 years. Glycemic parameters, including the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, were assessed at baseline and biennially thereafter.

Pre- and postoperative predictors of extrahepatic recurrence after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The factors associated with extrahepatic recurrence (EHR) after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have rarely been investigated. This study examined the pre- and postoperative predictors of EHR after curative resection in HCC patients over a ten-year follow-up period.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on treatment-naïve HCC patients who underwent curative resection between 2004 and 2019 at four tertiary hospitals in South Korea.

Proliferation of tumor-related regulatory T cells in circulation dictates efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: PD-1/PD-L1 blockade modulates the responses of T cells including regulatory T (TREG) cells. Understanding the changes of TREG cells upon PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cancer patients and their association with therapeutic response will provide clues regarding the mechanisms underlying resistance to treatment.

Experimental Design: Peripheral blood samples were acquired before and at 1-week post-treatment from 65 patients (triple-negative [TN], n = 35; luminal, n = 30) enrolled in KORNELIA phase 2 trial, which evaluated the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy combining nivolumab and eribulin in HER2 negative breast cancer (BC) patients.

Efficacy, safety, and health-related quality of life in transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients receiving bortezomib maintenance therapy: a study of the Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMMWP-174 study).

Not available.

A comprehensive analysis of the role of stem cell transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma: real-world data from the Korean Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry: Stem cell transplantation outcomes in mantle cell lymphoma.

Purpose: Stem cell transplantation (SCT) has historically played a major role in the long-term remission of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an incurable hematological malignancy. Using data from the Korean Society of Bone and Marrow Transplantation registry, we retrospectively analyzed the role of autologous (auto) and allogeneic (allo) SCT in long-term MCL survival.

Methods: This study analyzed data from 188 patients (age ≥ 19 years at the time of transplantation) who underwent a transplant for MCL from 2011 to 2020.

Whole genome sequence of subsp. JNU311 isolated from infant feces.

The genome of subsp. JNU311, isolated from the feces of a breastfed infant, was sequenced. The circular genome comprises 2,610,619 bp with 59.

Primary tumor resection self-expandable metallic stent in unresectable obstructive stage IV colorectal cancer: a comparative outcome study.

Purpose: The selection of primary tumor resection (PTR) self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) in obstructive unresectable stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) is critical, profoundly impacting patient outcome. This study evaluates the influence of PTR and SEMS on overall survival (OS) in conjunction with chemotherapy.

Methods: The analysis included 137 patients with obstructive, unresectable stage IV CRC who underwent PTR or attempted SEMS placement.

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma managed with minimally invasive surgery: A case report.

Background: Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is a rare malignant vascular liver tumor diagnosed by histopathological evaluation. Standardized treatment is challenging because of its rarity; hepatectomy is preferred for solitary lesions and multiple transplantations. There is no consensus on the optimal treatment for HEHE; however, surgical excision is often considered effective.

Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Teclistamab for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Nationwide Retrospective Analysis of the Named Patient Program in Korea.

Purpose: The prognosis for heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) remains poor. Teclistamab, a bispecific antibody targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and CD3, has demonstrated deep and durable responses in triple-class exposed RRMM patients in the MajesTEC-1 trial. To further evaluate the efficacy and safety of teclistamab in Korean patients, we conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis.

ATG7 in innate immune cells is required for host defense against nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections.

Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacteroides abscessus, are becoming increasingly prevalent, and rising antibiotic resistance poses a significant clinical challenge. However, the mechanisms by which the host defense system controls these infections remain poorly understood. Here we show that the autophagy-related protein ATG7 in innate immune cells plays an essential role in controlling nontuberculous mycobacterial infection and protecting lung tissue from pathological inflammation.

The articulated laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer (ATOME trial): a single-arm, prospective trial with pre-specified comparison to robotic surgery.

Background: Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) has become the standard surgical treatment for rectal cancers, despite being a technically challenging procedure due to the straight and rigid nature of the laparoscopic instrument within a narrow bony pelvis. A robotic system with multi-joint instruments, three-dimensional vision, and improved ergonomics was introduced, however it is not yet cost-effective. Recently, several articulating laparoscopic instruments have been developed and introduced as substitutes for multi-joint robotic system instruments.

Expanded and activated marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes exhibit potent antimyeloma activity against autologous multiple myeloma cells.

Adoptive immunotherapy represents a promising treatment for multiple myeloma (MM), relying on the availability of sustainable tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. This study generated potent ex vivo expanded and activated marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes (eMILs) from MM patients and evaluated their immunologic characteristics and cytotoxic potential. MILs were expanded using anti-CD3/CD28 beads in the presence of IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15.

Chlorogenic acid attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by downregulating galectin 3.

Chlorogenic acid, an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is found in foods such as eggplant and peaches. Its role in heart disease remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether chlorogenic acid affects cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in animal and cellular models of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Environmental disease monitoring by regional Environmental Health Centers in Korea: a narrative review.

This study explores the development, roles, and key initiatives of the Regional Environmental Health Centers in Korea, detailing their evolution through four distinct phases and their impact on environmental health policy and local governance. It chronicles the establishment and transformation of these centers from their inception in May 2007, through four developmental stages. Originally named Environmental Disease Research Centers, they were subsequently renamed Environmental Health Centers following legislative changes.

Artificial intelligence-assisted longitudinal assessment of coronary artery calcification in the Korean lung cancer screening CT program.

Purpose: The clinical implications of coronary artery calcification (CAC) growth remain underexplored. This study aims to assess CAC growth and its association with adverse cardiovascular events (ACEs) in individuals undergoing lung cancer screening (LCS) using artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted evaluation.

Methods: We included patients who underwent LCS low-dose chest CT (LDCT) between April 2017 and December 2023 with available follow-up LDCT scans.

Current practices in peripheral blood stem cell processing and cryopreservation: a nationwide survey of Korean transplant centers.

Purpose: Processing methods for hematopoietic stem cells vary significantly across institutions, with no standardized guidelines currently in place. This lack of standardization presents challenges in ensuring consistent quality and outcomes of stem cell transplantation procedures. This study investigated current practices in peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) processing and storage among transplant centers in Korea to establish a foundation for the development of standardized guidelines.

Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Infection Status and Clarithromycin-resistant Strains in Patients With Gastric Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Single-center Korean Study.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a well-known risk factor for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. However, the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant (CLR) HP strains in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma compared with the general population is largely unknown.

Materials And Methods: HP test was performed on samples from 4686 patients who underwent gastric biopsy, including 89 patients who were diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma.

Postoperative conventional versus hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy in cervical cancer: a prospective multicenter randomized phase III trial (POHIM_P3 trial).

Background: For patients with high-risk factors such as pelvic lymph node metastasis, positive surgical margins, or parametrial involvement, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with whole-pelvic radiotherapy significantly improves survival outcomes. Hypofractionated radiation therapy, which delivers higher radiation doses over fewer sessions, enhances tumor control but raises concerns about increased normal tissue toxicity. A recent Korean phase II study (POHIM-CCRT) evaluated the safety of hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), delivering 40 Gy in 16 fractions with weekly cisplatin following radical surgery.

Integrating multi-ancestry genomic and proteomic data to identify blood risk biomarkers and target proteins for breast cancer genetic risk loci.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 risk loci for breast cancer. However, target genes and their encoded proteins in these loci remain largely unknown. In this study, we utilized genetic prediction models for 1349 circulating proteins derived from individuals of African (n = 1871) and European (n = 7213) ancestry to investigate genetically predicted protein levels in association with breast cancer risk among females of African (n = 40,138), Asian (n = 137,677), and European (n = 247,173) ancestry.

Low-intensity shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction.

Rationale: Low-intensity shockwave therapy (LiSWT) is a new way of treating erectile dysfunction using sound waves to help improve blood flow to the penis. No existing systematic reviews comparing LiSWT to placebo or other therapies for treating erectile dysfunction have used rigorous Cochrane methodology. Many existing studies appear to be of poor methodological quality, and several trials are ongoing, reflecting an evolving evidence base.

Characteristics and Treatment Patterns of Patients with Haemophilia B Receiving Recombinant Coagulation Factor IX.

In Haemophilia B, guideline-level factor IX (FIX) prophylaxis is recommended, but real-world dosing and adherence vary. To assess treatment patterns, adherence, FIX dosing, and their associations with bleeding events in Korean patients. We conducted a retrospective chart review and one-time survey of 130 Korean patients with haemophilia B treated with FIX for ≥12 months at 12 centers (June 2022-May 2023).

Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer: An individual patient data meta-analysis of KLASS-02 and CLASS-01 randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) has potential as a surgical treatment option for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). However, there is uncertainty regarding the generalizability of LDG efficacy across diverse patient populations and treatment settings. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of LDG .