Healthy Behaviors and All-cause Mortality among Korean Gastric Cancer Survivors.

Purpose: The incidence, prevalence and survival rates of gastric cancer are high, and the prognostic effects of healthy behaviors among survivors have not been well investigated. Therefore, We aimed to assess the effects of postdiagnosis healthy behaviors and behavior changes after gastric cancer diagnosis on all-cause mortality.

Materials And Methods: As a population-based retrospective cohort study, we used a cancer public library sample DB of gastric cancer patients between 2012 and 2019.

Genome-wide polygenic risk score for estimated glomerular filtration slope predicts chronic kidney disease in a Taiwanese population.

Background: Kidney function decline is associated with cardiovascular disease and various other morbidities. Previous studies regarding polygenic risk scores of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) change were generally based on individuals of European ancestry and not validated on populations of East Asian ancestry.

Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study for eGFR slope among 26,755 non-diabetic individuals from the Taiwan Biobank.

Meat intake and breast cancer risk from the Health Examinees study.

Background & Aims: The association between meat intake and breast cancer risk remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between specific types of meat intake and breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort study.

Methods: This study included 71,264 women aged 40-69 years from the Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study (2004-2013).

An evaluation of zanidatamab, a novel, anti-HER2 biparatopic antibody, for the treatment of biliary tract cancer.

Introduction: Zanidatamab is a humanized biparatopic IgG antibody that selectively inhibits HER2 signaling pathway by targeting two distinct epitopes in the extracellular domains II and IV of HER2. Zanidatamab received accelerated approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HER2-positive (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 3+) biliary tract cancer (BTC) in November 2024. Additionally, zanidatamab received approval for the treatment of HER2 IHC 3+ BTC from the European Medicines Agency in June 2025, and from National Medical Products Administration of China in May 2025.

Large Language Models for CAD-RADS 2.0 Extraction From Semi-Structured Coronary CT Angiography Reports: A Multi-Institutional Study.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of large language models (LLMs) in extracting Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) 2.0 components from coronary CT angiography (CCTA) reports, and assess the impact of prompting strategies.

Materials And Methods: In this multi-institutional study, we collected 319 synthetic, semi-structured CCTA reports from six institutions to protect patient privacy while maintaining clinical relevance.

Dietary factors and colorectal cancer risk in Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Few studies have examined the preventive effects of dietary factors against CRC in Asian populations. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize and analyze current evidence on the relationships between various dietary components and the risk of CRC, colon cancer, and rectal cancer in Asian populations.

Combined effects of traffic-related air pollution, climate factors, and greenness on respiratory disease risk in infants.

Prenatal exposure to climate factors, air pollution, and green space has been linked to respiratory diseases in infants. However, the role of the combined effects of exposure to these factors on respiratory ailments remains unclear. Here we investigate the association of combined exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), climate factors, and green space during the prenatal period with respiratory diseases in infants.

Pathogenic roles of immunoproteasomes in fibrosis.

The 26S proteasome is a multi-subunit protease complex that degrades most eukaryotic cellular proteins. It not only regulates individual protein's half-lives but also maintains proteome homeostasis and modulates immunological responses. During conditions involving large-scale proteome remodeling, such as fibrosis and cellular differentiation, the 26S proteasome plays a central role in the rapid removal of excess cytosolic proteins.

DistillSleep: Real-Time, On-Device, Interpretable Sleep Staging from Single-Channel EEG.

Study Objectives: Polysomnography (PSG) is the current gold standard for sleep staging but requires laboratory equipment, multiple sensors, and labor-intensive manual scoring. We developed DistillSleep, a single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) framework that delivers accurate, real-time, and interpretable sleep staging on resource-constrained devices.

Methods: DistillSleep consists of (1) a high-capacity teacher model and (2) a 109 k-parameter student model designed for edge deployment.

The physical activity paradox in the development of metabolic syndrome: Based on the Korea National Health and nutrition examination survey.

: Although physical activity is widely used to prevent metabolic syndrome, growing evidence suggests that occupational physical activity (OPA) may not confer the same health benefits as leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), a phenomenon known as the physical activity paradox. This study investigated the combined effects of OPA and LTPA on the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in a representative Korean adult population. : We analyzed data from 18,691 adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2019-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Directed differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells into functional endothelial cells having IKAROS-mediated immune tolerance properties.

We report an efficient method for the directed differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from embryonic stem cells (EMSCs) into functional endothelial cells (EC), addressing the challenges of direct conversion, such as cellular senescence. We found that transduction of one transcription factor, ER71, was required for the efficient derivation of induced endothelial cells from EMSCs (MiECs). Addition of transforming growth factor-β inhibitor (SB431542), vascular endothelial growth factor, and ascorbic acid to the culture media enhanced the differentiation efficiency.

Association of Elevated Serum Triglycerides with Colorectal Cancer Risk: Findings from a Large-scale Prospective Cohort of Korean Adults.

Unlabelled: Colorectal cancer incidence is increasing in Korea, emphasizing the need to identify its risk factors. Serum lipids may influence colorectal cancer risk, but evidence is conflicting. We examined the associations between serum lipids and colorectal cancer risk in Koreans.

Biallelic BRF2 mutations disrupt redox homeostasis as etiological factors in syndromic immunodeficiency and developmental disorders.

TFIIB-related factor 2 (BRF2) is a critical component in the recruitment of RNA polymerase III (RNA Pol III) to type III promoters containing a TATA box. These promoters regulate the expression of key elements such as U6 spliceosomal RNA, the tRNA processing enzyme RNase P, and selenocysteine tRNA. Despite the essential role of BRF2, the genetic disorders associated with BRF2 mutations and their molecular pathogenesis remain poorly defined.

CXCL16 Producing Tumor Clones Are Shaping Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Squamous Cell Carcinoma via CXCR6 Regulatory T Cell.

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the most prevalent types of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and exhibit significant inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. cSCC has a higher metastatic potential than BCC, accompanied by a considerable mortality rate. However, the detailed mechanisms of tumor evolution in cSCC have not yet been described.

Long-term trend of cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolism in Korean pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Research on venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is rare in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of VTE within the Korean PIBD population.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted on pediatric patients (<17 years) using South Korea's health claims data from 2005 to 2015.

Blood-based transcriptomic biomarkers for response to [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy in neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE is an effective treatment for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) expressing somatostatin receptors. While the tumor uptake [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE of has shown potential as a predictive biomarker, patient response to the treatment varies significantly. In this study, we aim to identify a predictive blood-based transcriptomic biomarker to better understand individual responses to [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy.

Trends in Incidences, Treatments and Outcomes of Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Korea Between 2002 and 2022.

Background: Access to equitable care for severely emergent diseases serves as a key indicator for evaluating the performance of a country's health care system. The aim of this study was to examine trends in the incidence, treatment and outcomes of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) using Korean national claims data.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of inpatients with spontaneous SAH from 2002 to 2022, utilizing data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service.

Cyclin dependent kinase 9 inhibitor induces transcription-replication conflicts and DNA damage accumulation in breast cancer.

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a crucial regulator of transcriptional progression of RNA polymerase-II (RNAP2). RNA polymerases trapped in DNA can be a source of transcription-replication conflict (T-R conflict), which is a common source of replication stress. AZD4573, a highly selective CDK9 inhibitor, has been shown to induce apoptosis in leukemia cell lines, while its anti-tumor potential in breast cancer has yet to be elucidated.

Long-term exposure to air pollution and incident Alzheimer's disease among older adults: evidence from a large-scale retrospective cohort in Korea.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that predominantly affects older individuals. Although several studies have been conducted on the relationship between air pollution and AD, inconsistencies remain. This study explored the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and AD incidence among older adults in Korea using a large-scale retrospective cohort derived from the Korean National Health Information Database (NHID), a nationwide database covering the Korean population that enables temporal tracking of exposure and outcomes over a 10-year follow-up period, unlike cross-sectional studies.

Integrating multi-ancestry genomic and proteomic data to identify blood risk biomarkers and target proteins for breast cancer genetic risk loci.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 risk loci for breast cancer. However, target genes and their encoded proteins in these loci remain largely unknown. In this study, we utilized genetic prediction models for 1349 circulating proteins derived from individuals of African (n = 1871) and European (n = 7213) ancestry to investigate genetically predicted protein levels in association with breast cancer risk among females of African (n = 40,138), Asian (n = 137,677), and European (n = 247,173) ancestry.

Preventable Cancers Caused by Infection in Korea From 2015 to 2030.

Background: To contribute to evidence-based cancer prevention policies, we conducted a systematic assessment to estimate the burden of infection-related cancers in South Korea. We estimated the population-attributable fraction (PAF) of each cancer attributable to the causally related infectious agents between 2015 and 2030.

Methods: The relative risks of cancer due to infectious agents were calculated using a meta-analysis of results from large-scale Korean cohort studies combined with results from a systematic review of South Korean studies.

Discovering molecular signatures in kidney transplant biopsies with borderline changes and isolated V-lesions: single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of human blood and tissue Spatial transcriptomics.

Acute T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) is one of the most important causes of kidney graft injury and loss; however, in-depth transcriptomic analyses of relevant tissues and circulating immune cells are limited. In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and spatial transcriptomics using kidney allograft biopsy samples. The scRNA-seq study included four patients with borderline rejection or biopsy-proven TCMR and two with no evidence of TCMR.

Association of high-dose radioactive iodine therapy with PPM1D-mutated clonal hematopoiesis in older individuals.

While radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) has been an effective treatment for thyroid cancer, its link to clonal hematopoiesis (CH) has been yet underexplored. In this study, error-corrected sequencing (median depth: 1926×) of 93 CH-related genes was performed from the blood samples of 358 thyroid cancer patients, including 110 controls (no RAIT) and 248 RAIT recipients. RAIT recipients were stratified into low- and high-dose groups using a 7.

Anti-cancer drug sensitivity testing and preclinical evaluation of the anti-cancer potential of WEE1 inhibitor in triple-negative breast cancer patient-derived organoids and xenograft models.

Background: Relevant surrogates that maintain the pathological and physiological properties of patient tumors are essential for guiding triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapy. The goals are to generate patient-derived organoids (PDOs), xenografts (PDXs), and PDX-derived organoids (PDXOs), evaluate the therapeutic potential of the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775, and compare their responses to 18 anti-cancer drugs in PDOs and PDXOs.

Methods: PDOs were produced from surgical specimens of patients with TNBC.