Large Language Models for CAD-RADS 2.0 Extraction From Semi-Structured Coronary CT Angiography Reports: A Multi-Institutional Study.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of large language models (LLMs) in extracting Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) 2.0 components from coronary CT angiography (CCTA) reports, and assess the impact of prompting strategies.

Materials And Methods: In this multi-institutional study, we collected 319 synthetic, semi-structured CCTA reports from six institutions to protect patient privacy while maintaining clinical relevance.

Late Gadolinium Enhancement Variation in Asymptomatic Individuals: Comparison with Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Late gadolinium enhancements (LGEs) appear in asymptomatic individuals as septal stripes, which mimic abnormal LGEs in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We aimed to evaluate the frequency and extent of LGE variation in asymptomatic individuals and to compare it with those of DCM group. This retrospective study included asymptomatic and DCM groups who underwent CMR imaging.

Social factors related to participation among people with Parkinson's disease.

Purpose: Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly impacts participation in daily activities, affecting the quality of life of individuals living with PD. While impairment-level factors have been extensively studied, the influence of social factors on participation remains less explored. This study investigated the contribution of social factors, including social resources and social isolation, to participation in instrumental, leisure, and social activities among people with PD.

Performance-Based Assessments of Functional Cognition in Adults, Part 2-Psychometric Properties: A Systematic Review.

Importance: It is crucial to understand the psychometric properties of performance-based assessments of functional cognition to support their use and the interpretation of the outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the psychometric properties of performance-based assessments of functional cognition in adults.

Data Sources: A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to July 2022.

Performance-Based Assessments of Functional Cognition in Adults, Part 1-Assessment Characteristics: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Although the construct of functional cognition is central to the practice of occupational therapy, there is no consensus regarding the core characteristics of functional cognitive assessments. Thus, it is necessary to review existing performance-based assessments of functional cognition and describe their characteristics to understand how functional cognition is measured and has been conceptualized.

Objective: To identify performance-based assessments of functional cognition in adults and describe their characteristics.

The crosstalk between gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is a consequence of persistent liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Recent research has demonstrated that the gut-liver axis plays a crucial role in the pathological mechanisms of HCC development. Given the overall paucity of data available, we examined both clinical and animal studies investigating the influence of gut microbiota and their metabolites on the development of HCC in light of current scientific understanding.

Effects of anaemia development during pregnancy on maternal psychological health.

Background: Anaemia during pregnancy is associated with maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum period. However, the effect of anaemia development during pregnancy on maternal psychological health in non-anaemic women remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the effect of anaemia development during pregnancy on maternal psychological health during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

The Preventive Effect of Physical Activity on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Korean Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: To assess longitudinally physical activity patterns and intensity from pre-pregnancy to postpartum and evaluate the association between timing and type of physical activity and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: The Korean Pregnancy Outcome Study (KPOS) is a prospective cohort study conducted from 2013 to 2017. Our study included 3,457 participants with singleton pregnancies in KPOS, classified according to the pregnancy outcome: GDM (n=231) and normal (n=3,226).

TGF-β expressed by M2 macrophages promotes wound healing by inhibiting TSG-6 expression by mesenchymal stem cells.

Wound healing involves the collaboration of multiple cells, including macrophages and fibroblasts, and requires the coordination of cytokines, growth factors, and matrix proteins to regulate the repair response. In this study, we investigated how M2 macrophages regulate expression of the anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory regulator tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) secreted by adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) during wound healing. Interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13, which is used to differentiate macrophage M2 phenotypes, increases TSG-6 in ASCs; however, M2 macrophages significantly decrease TSG-6 in ASCs.

Aetiology of chronic liver disease is a valuable factor for stratifying adverse outcomes of acute decompensation: prospective observational study.

Background/aims: Acute decompensation (AD) is defined as the development of complications related to portal hypertension and liver dysfunction that affect the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) or liver cirrhosis (LC). Variations exist in patient demographics and prognostic outcomes of AD based on the aetiology of CLD, encompassing LC. However, limited research has been conducted to analyse these discrepancies across aetiologies.

Switching to besifovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: A randomized trial.

Background/aims: Besifovir (BSV) showed comparable antiviral activity and superior safety profiles to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, no data are available regarding the antiviral efficacy and safety of BSV in patients with CHB who switched from long-term TDF to BSV. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of a 48-week BSV therapy in patients with CHB who switched from long-term TDF treatment.

Prenatal Ultrasound Findings and Chromosomal Outcomes of Pregnancies with Mosaic Embryo Transfer.

Background: To investigate prenatal ultrasound findings and the chromosomal outcomes of mosaic embryo transfer.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on pregnant women who underwent mosaic embryo transfer following blastocyst-stage preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) at CHA Gangnam Medical Center from January 2021 to July 2024. Trophectoderm biopsy specimens were collected using standard protocols, and next-generation sequencing profiles were defined as mosaics when displaying copy number counts in the 20-80% range.

Analysis of the sequencing quality of next-generation sequencing for the entire mitochondrial genome in decomposed human samples.

Human body decomposition significantly damages DNA, particularly short tandem repeats used in DNA profiling. In degraded samples, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is used for aiding identification, utilizing hard tissues such as bones as DNA sources. However, extracting DNA from these tissues is complex and time-consuming.

Elevated serum growth differentiation factor 15 and decorin predict the fibrotic progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Mitochondrial dysfunction with oxidative stress contributes to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) progression. We aimed to evaluate the fibrosis predictive efficacy of a novel non-invasive diagnostic panel using metabolic stress biomarkers. From a population-based general cohort, 144 subjects with MASLD were recruited in the development group and underwent magnetic resonance imaging-based liver examinations, anthropometric and laboratory tests.

Conceptualization, Measurement, and Factors Associated with Participation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Analysis.

Objective: This systematic review aims to examine the conceptualization and measurement of participation among people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and the factors, such as facilitators and barriers, linked to participation in this population.

Data Sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception to July 2022.

A Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lingual Nerve Protector in Third Molar Extraction.

We present a novel, patient-specific 3D-printed lingual nerve protector designed to minimize the risk of nerve injury during mandibular third molar extraction, a common cause of lingual nerve damage. Lingual nerve injuries, often resulting from trauma, dental procedures, or maxillofacial surgeries, lead to significant functional impairments. Using computed tomography (CT) data, the custom protector is fabricated through 3D printing with a self-retaining structure to shield the lingual mucosa and nerve.

Extensive Synovial Chondromatosis of the Temporomandibular Joint Extending to the Cranial Base.

A 42-year-old male presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery with the chief complaint of pain and stiffness in the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The patient's height was 174 cm and his body weight was 65 kg. The patient's occupation was heavy equipment operator.

Development of an equation to predict delta bilirubin levels using machine learning.

Objective: Delta bilirubin (albumin-covalently bound bilirubin) may provide important clinical utility in identifying impaired hepatic excretion of conjugated bilirubin, but it cannot be measured in real-time for diagnostic purposes in clinical laboratories.

Methods: A total of 210 samples were collected, and their delta bilirubin levels were measured four times using high-performance liquid chromatography. Data collected included age, sex, diagnosis code, delta bilirubin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin, serum hemolysis value, hemolysis index, icterus value (Iv), icterus index (Ii), lipemia value (Lv), and lipemia index.

Transcriptomic analysis for the gamma-ray-induced sweetpotato mutants with altered stem growth pattern.

Introduction: Sweetpotato faces breeding challenges due to physiological and genomic issues. Gamma radiation is a novel approach for inducing genetic variation in crops. We analyzed the transcriptomic changes in gamma ray-induced sweetpotato mutants with altered stem development compared with those in the wild-type 'Tongchaeru' cultivar.

Anti-Streptococcus mutans and anti-inflammatory effects of ginsenoside Compound K and enzyme-treated red ginseng extract (BTEX-K).

Objectives: Dental caries, or tooth decay, is an oral health issue worldwide. Oral healthcare researchers are considering how to develop safe and effective preventive measures and treatments for dental caries. This study evaluated the potential applications of Compound K and BTEX-K, a Compound K-rich red ginseng extract, for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.

Overexpressing Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigate Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage and Gut Permeability.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a form of hepatic inflammation. ALD is mediated by gut leakiness. This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effects of ASCs overexpressing interferon-beta (ASC-IFN-β) on binge alcohol-induced liver injury and intestinal permeability.

Systematic Proteome Profiling of Maternal Plasma for Development of Preeclampsia Biomarkers.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with various clinical symptoms. However, traditional markers for the disease including high blood pressure and proteinuria are poor indicators of the related adverse outcomes. Here, we performed systematic proteome profiling of plasma samples obtained from pregnant women with PE to identify clinically effective diagnostic biomarkers.