Same-day versus Multiday Planning/Treatment Radioembolization with Yttrium-90 Resin Microspheres in Patients with Liver Cancer ≥ 5 cm.

Purpose: To detail the process of resin-based same-day planning/treatment radioembolization for treating liver cancer ≥ 5 cm and to compare it with multiday radioembolization.

Materials And Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 80 patients who tried same-day radioembolization and 120 patients who received multiday radioembolization with resin microspheres between January 2022 and December 2023. For same-day radioembolization, once operators determined the required number and activity of vials, daughter vials were dispensed from a mother vial in the hospital nuclear medicine facility and then delivered to the angiography room.

Blood-based transcriptomic biomarkers for response to [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy in neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE is an effective treatment for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) expressing somatostatin receptors. While the tumor uptake [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE of has shown potential as a predictive biomarker, patient response to the treatment varies significantly. In this study, we aim to identify a predictive blood-based transcriptomic biomarker to better understand individual responses to [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy.

Yttrium-90 glass microsphere radioembolization as frontline treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with localized portal vein invasion.

Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of yttrium-90 radioembolization (glass microspheres) in patients with unilobar hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein invasion (PVI) who have preserved liver function.

Materials And Methods: This study included 48 patients with unilobar HCC and PVI, all with Child-Pugh A, treated with radioembolization at a single institution between January 2016 and December 2023. Tumor response was assessed using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) and localized mRECIST.

High-Dose Radioembolization Limited by Lung Shunt for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Supplied by the Inferior Phrenic Artery.

Purpose: To determine the safety and effectiveness of radioembolization with lung-shunt limited high dose via the inferior phrenic artery (IPA) supplying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 43 consecutive patients with HCC treated with radioembolization via the IPA between January 2017 and December 2023. Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage A or B, tumor size ranging from 4 to 12 cm, tumor numbers 1-3, and the primary target tumor supplied by the IPA were included.

Aged-Related Fibroblast Activation Protein Expression in Skeletal Muscles Evaluated by PET Imaging.

Background: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is prominently involved in the tumour microenvironment and tissue remodelling processes in most cancers, and its expression is also noted in normal skeletal muscle. This study aims to explore the relationship between FAP expression and age-related muscle characteristics through FAP inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT imaging.

Methods: This retrospective analysis studied 54 patients with lung cancer (n = 27) and pancreatic cancer (n = 27) using FAPI PET/CT.

Empowering PET imaging reporting with retrieval-augmented large language models and reading reports database: a pilot single center study.

Purpose: The potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in enhancing a variety of natural language tasks in clinical fields includes medical imaging reporting. This pilot study examines the efficacy of a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) LLM system considering zero-shot learning capability of LLMs, integrated with a comprehensive database of PET reading reports, in improving reference to prior reports and decision making.

Methods: We developed a custom LLM framework with retrieval capabilities, leveraging a database of over 10 years of PET imaging reports from a single center.

Streamlining Radioembolization without Lung Shunt Estimation versus Regular Radioembolization in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma within the Milan Criteria.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness and safety of streamlining transarterial radioembolization (S-TARE) without lung shunt fraction estimation using nuclear medicine imaging, compared with regular transarterial radioembolization (R-TARE), for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the Milan criteria.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2022, 100 consecutive patients with HCC within the Milan criteria underwent R-TARE (n = 38) or S-TARE (n = 62) and were retrospectively analyzed. Adverse events, complete response (CR) rates, and time to progression (TTP) by the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (mRECIST) and localized mRECIST following each treatment were compared using the Fisher exact test and Kaplan-Meier curve analyses with covariate adjustment.

Prospective Comparison of [F]FDG and [F]AIF-FAPI-74 PET/CT in the Evaluation of Potentially Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Accurate clinical staging of potentially resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is critical for establishing optimal treatment strategies. While the efficacy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in clinical staging is unclear, PET/CT detecting fibroblast-activation protein (FAP) expression has recently received considerable attention for detecting various tumors, including PDAC, with high sensitivity. We explored the efficacy of [F]FDG and [F]AIF-FAPI-74 PET/CT in the initial evaluation of potentially resectable PDAC.

Optimization of micelle-encapsulated extremely small sized iron oxide nanoparticles as a T1 contrast imaging agent: biodistribution and safety profile.

Background: Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for various clinical applications, such as tumor-targeted imaging, hyperthermia therapy, drug delivery, and live-cell tracking. However, the application of IONPs as T1 contrast agents has been restricted due to their high r2 values and r2/r1 ratios, which limit their effectiveness in T1 contrast enhancement. Notably, IONPs with diameters smaller than 5 nm, referred to as extremely small-sized IONPs (ESIONs), have demonstrated potential in overcoming these limitations.

Clinical Factors Affecting Discrepancy Between Predicted and Long-term Actual Lung Function Following Surgery.

Purpose: Lung cancer surgery outcomes depend heavily on preoperative pulmonary reserve, with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) being a critical preoperative evaluation factor. Our study investigates the discrepancies between predicted and long-term actual postoperative lung function, focusing on clinical factors affecting these outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective observational study encompassed lung cancer patients who underwent preoperative lung perfusion SPECT/CT between 2015 and 2021.

Enhancing voxel-based dosimetry accuracy with an unsupervised deep learning approach for hybrid medical image registration.

Background: Deformable registration is required to generate a time-integrated activity (TIA) map which is essential for voxel-based dosimetry. The conventional iterative registration algorithm using anatomical images (e.g.

[F]FDOPA PET/CT in Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas: a Recurred Tumor Mimicking Splenosis.

Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is a neoplasm with low malignant potential. It is often challenging to diagnose SPT due to its nonspecific clinical and radiological features, and [F]FDOPA is effective in diagnosing SPT, particularly in differentiating SPT from benign conditions such as splenosis. A 55-year-old woman underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy for histologically confirmed SPT.

Simplified image-based dosimetry using planar images and patient-specific S-values.

Background: Single time point measurement approach and hybrid dosimetry were proposed to simplify the dosimetry process. It is anticipated that utilizing patient-specific S-value would enable more accurate dosimetry assessment based on imaging compared to using the conventional MIRD S-values.

Purpose: We performed planar image-based dosimetry scaled with a single SPECT image for the entire treatment cycle using patient-specific S-values (PSS dosimetry) of organs.

Neovascularization in Outer Membrane of Chronic Subdural Hematoma : A Rationale for Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization.

Objective: Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDHs) are generally known to result from traumatic tears of bridging veins. However, the causes of repeat spontaneous cSDHs are still unclear. We investigated the changes in vasculature in the human dura mater and outer membrane (OM) of cSDHs to elucidate the cause of their spontaneous repetition.

Radiation Major Hepatectomy Using Ablative Dose Yttrium-90 Radioembolization in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma 5 cm or Larger.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ablative radioembolization for large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) while preserving a small future liver remnant (FLR).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five patients with large HCC of ≥5 cm requiring treatment for >60% of the total liver volume and having well-preserved liver function were treated with ablative glass microsphere radioembolization at a single institution from January 2017 to December 2021. Radioembolization was performed with a mean absorbed dose of >150 Gy, and the FLR per nontumor liver volume (NTLV) was set at >30%.

Intrathecal [Cu]Cu-albumin PET reveals age-related decline of lymphatic drainage of cerebrospinal fluid.

Age-related cognitive decline is associated with dysfunctional lymphatic drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through meningeal lymphatic vessels. In this study, intrathecal [Cu]Cu-albumin positron emission tomography (PET) was applied in mice to evaluate lymphatic drainage of CSF and its variation with age. [Cu]Cu-albumin PET was performed at multiple time points after intrathecal injection of [Cu]Cu-albumin at an infusion rate of 700 nl/min in adult and aged mice (15-25 months old).

Pneumatic Compression-Assisted Lymphoscintigraphy for Quantitative Evaluation of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema.

Objectives: Acquired lymphedema of upper extremity is a chronic pathologic status that frequently occurs after breast cancer treatment. Reliable and quantitative evaluation of lymphedema is crucial for successful management of patients. Although lymphoscintigraphy is the primary investigation for the confirmation and evaluation of lymphedema, the specific protocol of stress intervention is not well established.

Tc-MAA accumulation within tumor in preoperative lung perfusion SPECT/CT associated with occult lymph node metastasis in patients with clinically N0 non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Tc-MAA accumulation within the tumor representing pulmonary arterial perfusion, which is variable and may have a clinical significance. We evaluated the prognostic significance of Tc-MAA distribution within the tumor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in terms of detecting occult nodal metastasis and lymphovascular invasion, as well as predicting the recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Methods: Two hundred thirty-nine NSCLC patients with clinical N0 status who underwent preoperative lung perfusion SPECT/CT were retrospectively evaluated and classified according to the visual grading of Tc-MAA accumulation in the tumor.

Current Status of PSMA-Targeted Radioligand Therapy in the Era of Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Acquiring Marketing Authorization.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly expressed in PCa, which gradually increases in high-grade tumors, metastatic tumors, and tumors nonresponsive to androgen deprivation therapy. PSMA has been a topic of interest during the past decade for both diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Radioligand therapy (RLT) utilizes the delivery of radioactive nuclides to tumors and tumor-associated targets, and it has shown better efficacy with minimal toxicity compared to other systemic cancer therapies.

Phase I Clinical Trial of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeting Ga-NGUL PET/CT in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Prostate Cancer.

Objective: Ga-NGUL is a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting tracer based on Glu-Urea-Lys derivatives conjugated to a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-, ', ″-triacetic acid (NOTA) chelator via a thiourea-type short linker. This phase I clinical trial of Ga-NGUL was conducted to evaluate the safety and radiation dosimetry of Ga-NGUL in healthy volunteers and the lesion detection rate of Ga-NGUL in patients with prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: We designed a prospective, open-label, single-arm clinical trial with two cohorts comprising six healthy adult men and six patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Cu]Cu-Albumin Clearance Imaging to Evaluate Lymphatic Efflux of Cerebrospinal Space Fluid in Mouse Model.

Purpose: Clearance of brain waste in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLV) has been evaluated mostly through the fluorescent imaging which has inherent limitations in the context of animal physiology and clinical translatability. The study aimed to establish molecular imaging for the evaluation of mLV clearance function.

Methods: Radionuclide imaging after intrathecal (IT) injection was acquired in C57BL/6 mice of 2-9 months.