Transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma prevents lung inflammation and fibrosis via alveolar type 2 cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages.

Transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1γ) inhibits transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling, the main pathway involved in fibrosis. We previously showed that TIF1γ regulated anti fibrotic processes in the liver. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of TIF1γ in pulmonary fibrosis (PF).

Machine Learning for 1-Year Graft Failure Prediction in Lung Transplant Recipients: The Korean Organ Transplantation Registry.

Background: In regions with limited donor availability, optimizing efficiency in lung transplant decision-making is crucial. Preoperative prediction of 1-year graft failure can enhance candidate selection and clinical decision-making.

Methods: We utilized data from the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry to develop and validate a deep learning-based model for predicting 1-year graft failure after lung transplantation.

Tandem High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Osteosarcoma With Initial Pulmonary Metastases.

Background: Although the survival rates of patients with localized osteosarcoma have significantly improved, metastatic osteosarcoma still has a poor prognosis. The role of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC/ASCT) in high-risk osteosarcoma remains unclear compared to that of conventional chemotherapy, and an optimal conditioning regimen remains unestablished. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of tandem HDC/ASCT in patients newly diagnosed with osteosarcoma and pulmonary metastasis.

Impact of Cardiothoracic Residents on Perioperative Outcomes in Lung Cancer Surgery.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of cardiothoracic residents on the quality of lung cancer surgery through a retrospective single-center cohort study.

Methods: Patients who underwent lung cancer surgery during the resident-involved period (R-Inv; 23.03-23.

Comparison of Surveillance with Low-dose and Contrast-enhanced Chest Computed Tomography in Patients Disease-free for Two Years after Curative Resection for Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended for surveillance 2-3 years after curative resection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, supporting clinical evidence is limited. This study compared LDCT with contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CECT) in terms of recurrence detection and overall survival (OS) in patients two years after curative resection of NSCLC.

Materials And Methods: Among patients who underwent curative resection for NSCLC between January 2011 and December 2017 and survived for 2 years without recurrence, 2083 patients were included.

Prognostic impact of low muscle mass on clinical outcomes in patients who undergo lung transplant.

Background: Low muscle mass (LMM) is recognized as a poor prognostic factor in various chronic lung diseases. However, its prognostic impact on recipients of lung transplants remains inconclusive.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent lung transplantation at a tertiary referral center in South Korea.

Exploring patterns of multimorbidity in South Korea using exploratory factor analysis and non negative matrix factorization.

The increasing prevalence of multimorbidity and the co-occurrence of multiple chronic diseases presents a measurable challenge to public health, impacting healthcare strategies and planning. This study aimed to explore disease patterns and temporal clustering using data from South Korea's National Health Insurance Service, spanning 2002-2019. The dataset included approximately 1 million individuals, focusing on those with at least two chronic diseases while excluding individuals who died within five years of follow-up.

Double Lung Transplantation Using Bilateral Anterior Thoracotomies with Video-Assistance: Techniques, Advantages, and Considerations.

Lung transplantation remains the only curative option for patients with end-stage, medically refractory respiratory failure. Traditionally, the clamshell incision has been the primary surgical approach, as it provides extensive access to the mediastinum and bilateral pleural cavities. However, it is also associated with notable drawbacks, such as an increased risk of sternal nonunion and wound complications, which can impede postoperative recovery.

Connective tissue disease is associated with the risk of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following lung transplantation in Korea.

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare complication of lung transplantation with poorly understood risk factors and clinical characteristics. This study aimed to examine the occurrence, risk factors, and clinical data of patients who developed PRES following lung transplantation.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 147 patients who underwent lung transplantation between February 2013 and December 2023.

Effects of respiratory sarcopenia on the postoperative course in elderly lung cancer patient: a retrospective study.

Objectives: Recently, sarcopenia has been linked to unfavorable outcomes in various surgical procedures, including lung cancer surgery. This study aimed to investigate the impact of respiratory sarcopenia (RS) on postoperative and long-term outcomes in elderly patients undergoing lung cancer surgery.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients aged 70 years and older who underwent lobectomy with curative intent for lung cancer between 2017 and 2019.

Comparing Needle and Surgical Biopsy in Small Peripheral Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Suspected Pleural Invasion: A Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Background: This study aimed to compare long-term clinical outcomes of percutaneous needle biopsy (PCNB) versus surgical biopsy in patients with peripheral, small-sized clinical stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with computed tomography (CT)-defined visceral pleural invasion (VPI).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent surgery for NSCLC with CT-defined VPI between 2010 and 2017. We excluded patients with non-peripheral NSCLC, or cancers > 3 cm.

Clinical Factors Affecting Discrepancy Between Predicted and Long-term Actual Lung Function Following Surgery.

Purpose: Lung cancer surgery outcomes depend heavily on preoperative pulmonary reserve, with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) being a critical preoperative evaluation factor. Our study investigates the discrepancies between predicted and long-term actual postoperative lung function, focusing on clinical factors affecting these outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective observational study encompassed lung cancer patients who underwent preoperative lung perfusion SPECT/CT between 2015 and 2021.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Postoperative Nutritional Status Between Early and Late Oral Feeding After Esophagectomy: An Open Labeled Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare nutritional and postoperative outcomes between early oral feeding and late oral feeding with jejunostomy feeding support after esophagectomy.

Background: Esophagectomy is associated with substantial body weight loss and malnutrition, impacting the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. Despite many studies on postesophagectomy nutritional support, optimal strategies remain elusive.

Long-term survival analysis of robotic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

Robotic esophagectomy has improved early outcomes and enhanced the quality of lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer surgery. This study aimed to determine risk factors for long-term survival following robotic esophagectomy and the causes of long-term mortality. We included patients who underwent robotic esophagectomy at our institute between 2010 and 2022.

Comparative Study of Indocyanine Green Intravenous Injection and the Inflation-Deflation Method for Assessing Resection Margins in Segmentectomy for Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background: The inflation-deflation (ID) method has long been the standard for intraoperative margin assessment in segmentectomy. However, with advancements in vision technology, the use of near-infrared mapping with indocyanine green (ICG) has become increasingly common. This study was conducted to compare the perioperative outcomes and resection margins achieved using these methods.

A Multicenter Retrospective Case-Control Study on Simple vs Extended Sleeve Lobectomies.

Background: Sleeve resection is currently the gold standard procedure for centrally located non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Extended sleeve lobectomy (ESL) consists of an atypical bronchoplasty with resection of >1 lobe and carries several technical difficulties compared with simple sleeve lobectomy (SSL). Our study compared the outcomes of ESL and SSL for NSCLC.

Gender representation among speaking and leader roles at European cardio-thoracic surgical annual meetings.

Objectives: Our goal was to evaluate gender representation among session leaders and abstract presenters at European cardio-thoracic surgical annual meetings.

Methods: We did a descriptive study of the gender distribution among session leaders and abstract presenters at 2 European cardio-thoracic international meetings from 2017 to 2022. Data from publicly available programmes were used to generate a list of session leaders and abstract presenters.

Prognostication of lung adenocarcinomas using CT-based deep learning of morphological and histopathological features: a retrospective dual-institutional study.

Objectives: To develop and validate CT-based deep learning (DL) models that learn morphological and histopathological features for lung adenocarcinoma prognostication, and to compare them with a previously developed DL discrete-time survival model.

Methods: DL models were trained to simultaneously predict five morphological and histopathological features using preoperative chest CT scans from patients with resected lung adenocarcinomas. The DL score was validated in temporal and external test sets, with freedom from recurrence (FFR) and overall survival (OS) as outcomes.

The Prognostic Value of Oligo-Recurrence Following Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer.

Background: The concept of oligo-recurrence has not been generally applied in esophageal cancer. This study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of the number of recurrences in esophageal cancer.

Methods: Patients with squamous cell carcinoma who underwent curative esophagectomy with R0 or R1 resection and who experienced a confirmed recurrence were included.

Impact of supradiaphragmatic lymphadenectomy on the survival of patients in stage IVB ovarian cancer with thoracic lymph node metastasis.

Introduction: To evaluate the survival impact of supradiaphragmatic lymphadenectomy as part of debulking surgery in stage IVB ovarian cancer with thoracic lymph node metastasis (LNM).

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients diagnosed with stage IVB ovarian, fallopian or primary peritoneal cancer between 2010 and 2020, carrying cardiophrenic, parasternal, anterior mediastinal or supraclavicular lymph nodes ≥5 mm on axial chest computed tomography. All tumors were classified into the abdominal (abdominal tumors and cardiophrenic lymph nodes) and supradiaphragmatic (parasternal, anterior mediastinal or supraclavicular lymph nodes) categories depending on the area involved.