Long-term care facility admissions according to type and duration of home- and community-based services among beneficiaries with dementia in Korea.

Background: Dementia significantly increases long-term care (LTC) facility admission. However, the impact of home- and community-based services (HCBS) type and duration on facility admissions remains unclear.

Purpose: We examined LTC facility admissions according to type (home, day, and combined care) and duration (<6 vs.

The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) Guidelines vs. Electronic Health Record (EHR)-Based Screening: A Comparative Accuracy Study in Prostate Cancer.

Background: The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) provides age-based recommendations for prostate cancer screening. Such a single-criterion strategy can not only miss aggressive cancers that occur before the designated cut-off age, but also over-screen men whose cancers occur at a much older age. A multi-factorial model incorporating a wide spectrum of medical history may offer more accurate predictions.

Determinants of burden among family caregivers of persons with dementia: Observational study using multiple monitoring methods.

BackgroundSupporting persons with dementia and their caregivers is a global public health priority. However, current research typically relies on subjective caregiver reports, lacking the integration of objective physiological indicators.ObjectiveTo identify the determinants of caregiver burden among family caregivers of persons with dementia, guided by a biopsychosocial framework.

Cognitive Function, Physical Activity, and Sweat Cytokines in Older Adults With Dementia.

Background: Inflammatory cytokines are linked to cognitive function in older adults with dementia; however, their associations with physical activity (PA) and noninvasive biomarkers, such as sweat, remain unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationships among cognitive function, PA, and sweat cytokines, as well as the moderating effect of cognitive function on the association between PA and cytokine levels.

Methods: Data from 40 older adults with dementia were analyzed to assess correlations between cognitive function, PA measured via wearable devices and sweat cytokine levels.

Effect of tailored cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for middle-aged and older adults with visual impairment: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: Despite the widespread dissemination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, CPR training for individuals with visual impairment is lacking.

Objective: This study aimed to provide tailored CPR training for older adults with visual impairment and verify its effectiveness.

Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial involving six clusters and 35 participants was conducted in February 2023.

Chronic Liver Disease Primarily Presenting with Motor Weakness by Intractable Hypokalemia with Combined Respiratory Alkalosis and Chronic Diarrhea: A Case Report.

Introduction: Most patients with compensated cirrhosis remain asymptomatic. However, with the onset of decompensation, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances are frequent in patients with chronic liver disease, including hypokalemia. We encountered a case of chronic liver disease with portal hypertension, primarily presenting with motor weakness caused by intractable hypokalemia, hypoxia-associated respiratory alkalosis, and chronic diarrhea.

MAP17 as a Mediator of HGF-induced Proliferation and Invasion in Gastric Cancer.

Background/aim: The 17 kDa membrane-associated protein (MAP17) is a non-glycosylated protein localized to the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane. It is overexpressed in various cancer cells and has been implicated in promoting cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate the role of MAP17 in the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

Tutorial on Multiple Mediation Analysis Using Causal Networks: Application to Diagnosing COVID-19 From Its Early and Late Symptoms.

Background And Objectives: There are two methods of studying multiple mediation: network-based and analysis of coefficients in regression equations.

Unlabelled: This tutorial shows how multiple mediation analysis can be conducted through first constructing causal networks; and then evaluating the direct and mediated impact within the network. The proposed method is demonstrated in the context of diagnosing COVID-19 from its symptoms.

Effects of different types of exercise on inflammatory markers in cancer patients: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was to investigate the effects of different exercise modalities on inflammatory markers in cancer patients. Using the standardized mean difference (SMD) as the effect size, a Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis and regression analysis were conducted. Searches were performed across five databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving cancer patients, with exercise as the intervention, reported outcomes related to inflammatory markers, and interventions lasting more than four weeks, up to June 2024.

EHR-Based Risk Prediction for Kidney Cancer.

Background And Objectives: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) does not currently recommend routine screening for kidney cancer, even though approximately 14 390 people are expected to die from this disease in the United States in 2024.

Sustainable, highly effective selenate removal using electrochlorination facility-obtained magnesium precipitate: An approach to in situ layered double hydroxide formation.

We proposed a sustainable selenate (Se(VI)) removal method using in situ layered double hydroxide (LDH) formation and calcined magnesium precipitate (CMP) derived from an electrochlorination facility. During kinetic experiments, the optimal removal conditions were identified by adjusting pH and Al dosage, which enabled a notable Se(VI) removal efficiency (127 mg/g-CMP). The initial release of Mg ions from CMP was confirmed to occur via Al-ion hydrolysis.

Diagnostic Yield and Synergistic Impact of Needle Aspiration and Forceps Biopsy With Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is an advanced imaging-guided technique used to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions. However, the optimal strategy for selecting biopsy devices remains unclear.

Research Question: Does the combination of needle aspiration and forceps biopsy improve diagnostic yield compared with using a single device alone?

Study Design And Methods: We conducted a randomized crossover study during ENB performed under moderate sedation.

Association between laboratory data-based frailty index and clinical health outcomes in critically ill older patients: A retrospective correlational study.

Background: Although frailty assessment is crucial for understanding critically ill patients' prognosis, traditional frailty measures require substantial efforts and time from health care professionals. To address this limitation, the laboratory frailty index (FI-LAB) based on laboratory clinical data was developed. However, knowledge regarding its correlation with health outcomes among critically ill older patients is limited.

Anti-obesity and other health benefits of bioprocessed black rice bran in combination with green tea extract in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells and in mice on a high-fat diet.

Black rice bran, a waste product from the commercial milling of black rice that removes the bran and germ leaving the starchy endosperm, contains bioactive anthocyanin, phenolic, and phytosteroid compounds that may have health benefits. This study determined the effect of a polysaccharide-rich bioprocessed (fermented) black rice bran and a green tea extract individually and in combination on weight loss in orally fed mice on a high-fat diet and on concurrent changes in blood glucose and insulin as well as in cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL). At the end of the eight-week feeding study, the combination diet resulted in a 67% lower weight gain than mice on a high-fat diet alone, a greater effect than that of bioprocessed black rice bran or green tea extract individually.

Safeguarding the brain from oxidative damage.

Oxidative stress imposes a substantial cellular burden on the brain and contributes to diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Various antioxidant signaling pathways have been implicated in oxidative stress and have a protective effect on brain cells by increasing the release of numerous enzymes and through anti-inflammatory responses to oxidative damage caused by abnormal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although many molecules evaluated as antioxidants have shown therapeutic potentials in preclinical studies, the results of clinical trials have been less than satisfactory.

Predictive Value of the nProfiler 1 Assay for the Efficacy of Adjuvant S-1-Based Doublet Chemotherapy in Stage III Gastric Cancer: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Phase III Trial.

Purpose: The nProfiler 1 Stomach Cancer Assay (nProfiler1), designed to predict responses to fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy, measures the expression of four gastric cancer target genes (GZMB, WARS, SFRP4, and CDX1). The randomized phase III POST trial aimed to compare the efficacies of two adjuvant S-1-based doublet chemotherapies: S-1 plus cisplatin (SP) and S-1 plus docetaxel (DS). This study aimed to validate the nProfiler1 assay using a distinct cohort from the POST trial.

The effectiveness of a transitional care program for frail older adults between hospital and home: A randomized controlled trial.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a transitional care program developed for frail older adults. A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted. Thirty-two frail older adults were enrolled in the study.

Sleep efficiency in community-dwelling persons living with dementia: exploratory analysis using machine learning.

Study Objectives: Sleep disturbances lead to negative health outcomes and caregiver burden, particularly in community settings. This study aimed to investigate a predictive model for sleep efficiency and its associated features in older adults living with dementia in their own homes.

Methods: This was an exploratory, observational study.

Bronchial washing fluid sequencing is useful in the diagnosis of lung cancer with necrotic tumor.

Background: Early-stage lung cancers detected by low-dose computed tomography (CT) often require confirmation through invasive procedures due to the absence of endobronchial lesions. This study assesses the diagnostic utility of bronchial washing fluid (BW) sequencing, a less invasive alternative, aiming to identify patient characteristics most suited for this approach.

Methods: From June 2017 to March 2018, we conducted a prospective cohort study by enrolling patients with incidental lung lesions suspected of early-stage lung cancer at two independent hospitals, and 114 were diagnosed with lung cancer while 50 were diagnosed with benign lesions.

Metabolic syndrome clustering patterns and the association with cardiovascular disease among post-menopausal Korean women.

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of diseases conceptualized as a clustering of risk factors, with the risks of developing MetS in women varying significantly before and after menopause. This study investigated MetS clustering patterns and their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among post-menopausal women (n = 2479) using data from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. Using latent class analysis, three groups emerged: diabetic (5.

Toxicological Evaluation of a Polyherbal Formulation (18KHT01) and Validation of UPLC-DAD Method for Quality Control.

18KHT01 is a novel synergistic composition of , , , and a small portion of . Our previous report demonstrated that the 18KHT01 exhibits potent antiobesity effects, with synergistic antioxidant, antiadipogenic, and antiobesity activities in diet-induced obese mice. This study explores the toxicity profile and quality control parameters of the 18KHT01 formulation.

Case of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as ground-glass opacity in the lower lung.

Nodules and cysts with upper lobe predominance on chest computed tomography (CT) are highly suggestive of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). Herein, we describe a case of PLCH that presented with the unusual CT findings of subpleural ground-glass opacity (GGO) and traction bronchiectasis mostly in both lower lungs. No nodules or cysts were observed in the upper or middle lung areas.