Synergistic improvement of biohydrogen yield from food wastewater using Clostridium puniceum and magnetite-biochar.

Biohydrogen production using waste resources and microorganisms was gaining attention as a clean energy alternative that could reduce production cost and environmental pollution. Among waste resources, food wastewater (FW) was especially suitable due to its high lactate content, which supported microbial hydrogen production. However, FW also contained inhibitory compounds that could limit microbial activity.

High-sensitivity electrochemical detection of HPV DNA via enzyme-amplified target-induced hairpin opening on a thermally controlled paper-based digital microfluidic platform.

Human papillomavirus, a leading cause of cervical cancer, poses a global health threat. Rapid and accurate point-of-care testing (POCT) is crucial for early detection and disease control. Here, we present an electrochemical sensor on a thermally controllable paper-based digital microfluidic (e-pDMF) device for detecting human papillomavirus type 16 DNA (HPV16 DNA) via target-induced hairpin opening and enzyme-assisted signal amplification strategy.

Enhanced iodide sorption onto montmorillonite via interlayer ion-pairing with calcium.

Understanding geochemical interactions between iodide and montmorillonite, a key mineral in radioactive waste repository barriers, is essential for assessing iodine mobility and its radiological effects on the ecosystem. Herein, we present the first experimental evidence and thermodynamic data demonstrating that iodide sorption onto montmorillonite is significantly enhanced by a calcium-associated interlayer ion-pairing mechanism under repository-relevant and environmentally realistic conditions. Our investigation is based on multiple complementary approaches, including a series of batch sorption experiments supported by thermodynamic modeling, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.

Translational Extracellular Matrix Spray-Coating Approach for Large-Scale Bioactive Surface Functionalization and Tissue Repair.

While various extracellular matrix (ECM)-based delivery platforms such as cell sheets, nanoparticles, and dressings have demonstrated potential for tissue repair, their clinical translation remains limited by poor scalability, structural fragility, and substrate-specific constraints. This study introduces a translational spray-coating strategy capable of conformationally activating ECM proteins, specifically fibronectin (FN) and collagen (COL), via mechanical unfolding during deposition. Using a commercially available airbrush, micrometer-scale droplets are uniformly deposited onto diverse biomedical substrates, including polydioxanone sutures and oxidized regenerated cellulose/collagen dressings, without structural damage.

Posterolateral Full-Endoscopic Thoracic Foraminotomy for Foraminal Stenosis Causing Radiculopathy: A Report of 3 Cases.

Case: Three elderly men presented with thoracic radiculopathy secondary to bony thoracic foraminal stenosis. Conservative treatment was unsuccessful, so each underwent posterolateral full-endoscopic thoracic foraminotomy under local anesthesia. Surgical steps included drilling of the lateral part of the facet, clearing of soft tissues in the foramen, and adequate decompression of the exiting nerve root.

Full-Endoscopic Extraforaminal Decompression for Far-Out Syndrome Due to Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebra: A Technical Note.

Case: A 44-year-old woman presented with radiculopathy due to pinching of the L5 nerve between enlarged transverse process (TP) and sacral ala in lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) (far-out syndrome). On failure of conservative treatment, the patient underwent posterolateral full-endoscopic extraforaminal decompression under local anesthesia. Under endoscopic visualization, the enlarged TP was seen stenosing the extraforaminal area.

Controlled Formation of Au Nanonetworks via Discrete BTA-Oligo(Acrylic Acid) Supramolecular Templates.

Precise control over molecular dispersity and supramolecular assembly is essential for designing nanostructures with targeted properties and functionalities. In this study, we explore the impact of molecular dispersity in BTA-oligo(AA) oligomers on the formation and structural organization of Au nanomaterials in an aqueous system. Discrete and polydisperse BTA-oligo(AA) samples are systematically synthesized and characterized to evaluate their role as templates for nanostructure formation.

Comparative Study of Pathology of Various Organs of Rhesus and Cynomolgus Nonhuman Primates Exposed to Two Different Doses of Acute Total-body Radiation.

The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is the primary nonhuman primate (NHP) model used for the development of radiation medical countermeasures (MCMs), but due to the limited supply of rhesus macaques that has resulted from their need in other high priority medical research areas, alternative animal models for MCM development have been sought. The cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is less well characterized and less commonly used, but represents another quite viable, large animal NHP model for investigating MCMs. We have investigated the nature of injuries within selected organ systems induced by two potentially lethal doses (5.

Cell death and iron deposition in the liver in two murine models of acute radiation syndrome.

Different tissues exhibit differential sensitivity to ionizing radiation exposure and display different time courses of pathologies that are not well understood. Ionizing radiation causes hemolysis of red blood cells, causing the release of iron that is taken up by a variety of tissues. The increased iron has been associated with altered expression of iron binding proteins and, in some cases, markers of ferroptosis.

Non-Inferiority of Subcutaneous Efepoetin Alfa Compared to Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin Beta in Stage 3 or 4 CKD Patients: Insights From a Phase 3 Trial.

Aim: Efepoetin alfa, a novel long-acting erythropoietin (EPO)-hybrid Fc fusion protein, represents a promising erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) for addressing anaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This Phase 3 trial was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of subcutaneous efepoetin alfa in comparison to subcutaneous methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta in stage 3 or 4 CKD patients.

Methods: A randomised, multicentre, open-label Phase 3 trial enrolled 391 CKD stage 3 or stage 4 patients.

Heat Therapy as a Viable Treatment for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Mini Review.

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the lower limb extremities due to arterial plaque buildup. Traditional exercise/walking therapies have been used to improve vascular function and walking performance but suffer from low adherence rates due to pain and discomfort. Heat therapy has emerged as a promising alternative, showing similar improvements in vascular and cardiovascular function, often with higher adherence rates.

Transforaminal Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy Is More Cost-Effective Than Microdiscectomy for Symptomatic Disc Herniations.

Objective: To analyze costs and cost-effectiveness of transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy (TETD) for the treatment of symptomatic thoracic disc herniation (TDH) and compare it with open microdiscectomy (MD).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent TETD or MD for symptomatic TDH and had a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Cost analysis included direct costs (primary and secondary hospital costs), indirect costs (lost wages due to work absence), total costs (direct + indirect), and cost-effectiveness (cost per quality-adjusted life year [QALY] and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER]).

Ultrasound-guided acupuncture therapy in Korea: advancing traditional practices with new technology.

Ultrasound-guided acupuncture is a novel technique that utilizes ultrasonography to visualize needle placement in real-time, enhancing precision and reducing adverse events. In South Korea, the dual medical system has led to disputes over Korean Medicine doctors' use of biomedical devices. However, in 2022, the Supreme Court ruled that Korean Medicine doctors' use of ultrasound devices is not illegal, enabling broader clinical application.

Design of a gate-all-around arch-shaped tunnel-field-effect-transistor-based capacitorless DRAM.

In this study, we designed and analyzed a single-transistor dynamic random-access memory (1 T-DRAM) based on an arch-shaped gate-all-around tunnel field-effect transistor (GAA ARCH-TFET), featuring an Si/SiGe heterostructure, for high-density memory applications. Unlike conventional 1 T-DRAM, which relies on the electric-field-driven movement of charge carriers through a channel for the read operation, the GAA ARCH-TFET 1 T-DRAM utilizes band-to-band tunneling. The GAA structure improves scalability, making it suitable for high-density memory applications.

Sustainable, highly effective selenate removal using electrochlorination facility-obtained magnesium precipitate: An approach to in situ layered double hydroxide formation.

We proposed a sustainable selenate (Se(VI)) removal method using in situ layered double hydroxide (LDH) formation and calcined magnesium precipitate (CMP) derived from an electrochlorination facility. During kinetic experiments, the optimal removal conditions were identified by adjusting pH and Al dosage, which enabled a notable Se(VI) removal efficiency (127 mg/g-CMP). The initial release of Mg ions from CMP was confirmed to occur via Al-ion hydrolysis.

Open Midline Decompression with Ligament Reconstruction for Multiple-Level Spinal Stenosis in Elderly Patients.

(1) Background: Multiple lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a degenerative disease that is increasingly prevalent with global aging. Multilevel fusion surgery is burdensome to perform in elderly patients, especially with osteoporosis and underlying disease. This study introduces open midline decompression (OMD) with ligament reconstruction as an alternative stabilization technique for elderly patients with multilevel LSS.

Technique and outcomes of the trans-superior articular process approach for endoscopic thoracic discectomy.

Objective: Transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy (TETD) has been shown to lead to favorable outcomes in cases with symptomatic thoracic disc herniation (TDH). However, due to various anatomical constraints, developing a transforaminal corridor especially in the upper and middle thoracic spine is often difficult and foraminoplasty is required to gain access into the foramen. Conventional foraminoplasty with a bone reamer or endoscopic drill can be associated with inadvertent facet removal and increases the risk of injury to the neural tissue.

Full Endoscopic Translaminar Keyhole Diskectomy for Highly Upmigrated Lumbar Disk Herniation: A Case Report.

Case: A 49-year-old man underwent full endoscopic translaminar keyhole diskectomy for highly upmigrated disk herniation at L5-S1. This scope-in-scope technique involved creation of a targeted fenestration in the lamina using a large working cannula (13.7 mm) and endoscope (10 mm).

Valacyclovir for the prevention of cytomegalovirus infection after kidney transplantation.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a frequent complication after kidney transplantation (KT) and has various effects on recipient and graft survival. Although guidelines recommend anti-viral prophylaxis with ganciclovir or valganciclovir, there is a demand for alternative regimen for CMV prevention. We investigated the effects of a 3-month valacyclovir-based prophylaxis on CMV infection and clinical outcomes in KT recipients using a nationwide cohort.

Berberine Enhances Neuroregeneration in a Rat Model of Peroneal Nerve Transection Injury: An Animal Study.

Background: Berberine has therapeutic potential in central nervous system disorders, however, few studies have investigated the effect of berberine on axonal regeneration in PNS injury models. Thus, this study aims to assess the effects of berberine on axonal regeneration in a peroneal nerve transection rat model.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: group B, berberine (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection after peroneal nerve transection; and group C, normal saline injection as a control.

Novel three-dimensional stacked capacitorless DRAM architecture using partially etched nanosheets for high-density memory applications.

This study presents a novel three-dimensional stacked capacitorless dynamic random access memory (1T-DRAM) architecture, designed using a partially etched nanosheet (PE NS) to overcome the scaling limitations of traditional DRAM designs. By leveraging the floating body effect, this architecture eliminates the need for capacitors, thereby improving integration density and memory performance. Through Sentaurus technology computer-aided design simulations, we compare the PE NS 1T-DRAM device with a conventional NS 1T-DRAM device to evaluate its effectiveness.

Radical Mastectomy Efficiently Improves Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Dogs with Malignant Mammary Tumors.

The incidence of mammary gland tumors in dogs is a significant issue, characterized by notable rates of malignancy, recurrence, and disease burden. However, the lack of comprehensive information and correlated studies has presented challenges in establishing an effective surgical treatment strategy. In this study, a cohort of 95 dogs diagnosed with mammary tumors underwent evaluation using various surgical methods, medications, ovariohysterectomy, and assessments of margin completeness to analyze clinical outcomes.

Uniportal Full Endoscopic 270° Decompression for Thoracic 1-2 Hard Disc Herniation With Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum.

This article aims to demonstrate the uniportal full endoscopic surgery for treating complex anterior and posterior spinal pathology at the T1-2 level, offering a invasive, accessible, stable, and versatile approach to challenging anatomical situations. Uniportal full endoscopic surgery is one of the most minimally invasive spinal surgeries, utilizing slim, elongated, and compact instruments that provide access to lesions from any angle and distance. This characteristic makes the technique especially suitable for hard, such as the T1-2 level, where traditional approaches may be limited or difficult.

Characteristics of glomerulonephritis with dominant C1q precipitation compared to corresponding glomerulonephritis without C1q staining on immunofluorescent examination.

Background: The clinical significance and renal outcomes of C1q nephropathy (C1qN) are unclear; therefore, the implications of C1qN as a new pathological entity are uncertain. We compared the clinical characteristics of glomerulonephritis reclassified into cases that meet the definition of C1qN and glomerulonephritis not included in the definition of C1qN.

Methods: In total, 21,697 patients who underwent native kidney biopsy at 18 hospitals throughout Korea between 1979 and 2018 were retrospectively enrolled.