Impact of Cardiothoracic Residents on Perioperative Outcomes in Lung Cancer Surgery.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of cardiothoracic residents on the quality of lung cancer surgery through a retrospective single-center cohort study.

Methods: Patients who underwent lung cancer surgery during the resident-involved period (R-Inv; 23.03-23.

Comparison of Surveillance with Low-dose and Contrast-enhanced Chest Computed Tomography in Patients Disease-free for Two Years after Curative Resection for Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended for surveillance 2-3 years after curative resection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, supporting clinical evidence is limited. This study compared LDCT with contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CECT) in terms of recurrence detection and overall survival (OS) in patients two years after curative resection of NSCLC.

Materials And Methods: Among patients who underwent curative resection for NSCLC between January 2011 and December 2017 and survived for 2 years without recurrence, 2083 patients were included.

Modifying surgical extents in patients with preoperatively presumed early-stage endometrial cancer based on ProMisE classification: a retrospective, single-center study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore differences in disease extent based on the Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer (ProMisE) classification and to establish personalized staging surgery strategies in patients with preoperatively presumed uterus-confined endometrial cancer.

Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study, we reviewed the medical records of patients with endometrial cancer. These patients were classified according to the ProMisE classification based on tissue samples obtained from dilation and curettage or staging surgeries, and the disease extent was analyzed based on pathologic reports.

Impact of clinical trial participation on the survival of patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer.

Background: Clinical trials provide access to novel treatments that may offer survival benefits to ovarian cancer patients. This study investigates whether clinical trial participation is associated with improved survival in newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients treated for advanced ovarian cancer at Yonsei Cancer Hospital between 2019 and 2021.

Prognostic impact of low muscle mass on clinical outcomes in patients who undergo lung transplant.

Background: Low muscle mass (LMM) is recognized as a poor prognostic factor in various chronic lung diseases. However, its prognostic impact on recipients of lung transplants remains inconclusive.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent lung transplantation at a tertiary referral center in South Korea.

STopover captures spatial colocalization and interaction in the tumor microenvironment using topological analysis in spatial transcriptomics data.

Unraveling the spatial configuration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for elucidating tumor-immune interactions based on immuno-oncology. We present STopover, a novel approach utilizing spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) data and topological analysis to investigate the TME. By gradually lowering the feature threshold, connected components (CCs) are extracted based on spatial distance and persistence, with Jaccard indices quantifying their spatial overlap, and transcriptomic profiles are permutated to assess statistical significance.

Efficacy of Chemotherapy Following Prior PARP-Inhibitor Treatment in Patients with Ovarian Cancer.

Purpose: Considering the current lack of consensus on post-poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) treatment strategies, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of subsequent therapy and compare the outcomes of regimes in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer after PARPi treatment.

Materials And Methods: This multi-center retrospective cohort study analyzed data on patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer between January 2012 and June 2023 who had previously used PARPi after first- to fourth-line platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), which was the interval between recurrence after using PARPi and subsequent recurrence in the case of recurrence.

The Association Between Location of BRCA Mutation and Efficacy of PARP Inhibitor as a Frontline Maintenance Therapy in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Background: The location of BRCA mutations within functional domains may affect sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the progression-free survival (PFS) benefit from the PARP inhibitor in relation to the location of mutations in / in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer.

Materials And Methods: Patients with advanced stage III-IV epithelial ovarian cancer who had deleterious or were analyzed.

Connective tissue disease is associated with the risk of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following lung transplantation in Korea.

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare complication of lung transplantation with poorly understood risk factors and clinical characteristics. This study aimed to examine the occurrence, risk factors, and clinical data of patients who developed PRES following lung transplantation.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 147 patients who underwent lung transplantation between February 2013 and December 2023.

Is presumed clinical stage I endometrial cancer using PET-CT and MRI accurate in predicting surgical staging?

Objective: To evaluate upstaging, lymph node (LN) metastasis, and recurrence in patients with presumed stage I endometrial cancer using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT).

Methods: Retrospective review of 422 patients with presumed clinical stage I endometrial cancer diagnosed via MRI and PET-CT (July 2014-June 2023). Surgical staging included pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) and para-aortic lymph nodes (PALNs), classifying patients as low/intermediate- or high-risk groups.

Effects of respiratory sarcopenia on the postoperative course in elderly lung cancer patient: a retrospective study.

Objectives: Recently, sarcopenia has been linked to unfavorable outcomes in various surgical procedures, including lung cancer surgery. This study aimed to investigate the impact of respiratory sarcopenia (RS) on postoperative and long-term outcomes in elderly patients undergoing lung cancer surgery.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients aged 70 years and older who underwent lobectomy with curative intent for lung cancer between 2017 and 2019.

Mismatch repair, p53, and L1 cell adhesion molecule status influence the response to chemotherapy in advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the recurrence and survival rates according to the mismatch repair (MMR), p53, and L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) status in patients with advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) receiving systemic chemotherapy.

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced-stage (III/IV) or recurrent EC between January 2015 and June 2022 (n = 156), who were administered chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy or first-line palliative treatment. MMR and p53 status were assessed, and L1CAM was tested using immunohistochemistry in the p53-wild and MMR-proficient (p53wt/pMMR) group.

Comparing Needle and Surgical Biopsy in Small Peripheral Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Suspected Pleural Invasion: A Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Background: This study aimed to compare long-term clinical outcomes of percutaneous needle biopsy (PCNB) versus surgical biopsy in patients with peripheral, small-sized clinical stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with computed tomography (CT)-defined visceral pleural invasion (VPI).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent surgery for NSCLC with CT-defined VPI between 2010 and 2017. We excluded patients with non-peripheral NSCLC, or cancers > 3 cm.

Efficacy of large language models and their potential in Obstetrics and Gynecology education.

Objective: The performance of large language models (LLMs) and their potential utility in obstetric and gynecological education are topics of ongoing debate. This study aimed to contribute to this discussion by examining the recent advancements in LLM technology and their transformative potential in artificial intelligence.

Methods: This study assessed the performance of generative pre-trained transformer (GPT)-3.

Changes in the tumor immune microenvironment during disease progression in clear cell ovarian cancer.

Objective: The tumor immune microenvironment in ovarian clear cell carcinoma has not been clearly defined. We analyzed the immunological changes from treatment-naive to recurrence to correlate them with clinical outcomes.

Method: We compared the changes in immune infiltration of advanced-stage ovarian clear cell carcinoma samples before treatment and at the time of recurrence via immunohistochemistry (Programmed Cell Death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+), forkhead box P3 (Foxp3+)), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and next-generation sequencing (54 patients).

Machine learning enabled classification of lung cancer cell lines co-cultured with fibroblasts with lightweight convolutional neural network for initial diagnosis.

Background: Identification of lung cancer subtypes is critical for successful treatment in patients, especially those in advanced stages. Many advanced and personal treatments require knowledge of specific mutations, as well as up- and down-regulations of genes, for effective targeting of the cancer cells. While many studies focus on individual cell structures and delve deeper into gene sequencing, the present study proposes a machine learning method for lung cancer classification based on low-magnification cancer outgrowth patterns in a 2D co-culture environment.

Clinical Factors Affecting Discrepancy Between Predicted and Long-term Actual Lung Function Following Surgery.

Purpose: Lung cancer surgery outcomes depend heavily on preoperative pulmonary reserve, with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) being a critical preoperative evaluation factor. Our study investigates the discrepancies between predicted and long-term actual postoperative lung function, focusing on clinical factors affecting these outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective observational study encompassed lung cancer patients who underwent preoperative lung perfusion SPECT/CT between 2015 and 2021.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Postoperative Nutritional Status Between Early and Late Oral Feeding After Esophagectomy: An Open Labeled Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare nutritional and postoperative outcomes between early oral feeding and late oral feeding with jejunostomy feeding support after esophagectomy.

Background: Esophagectomy is associated with substantial body weight loss and malnutrition, impacting the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. Despite many studies on postesophagectomy nutritional support, optimal strategies remain elusive.

Resistance mechanisms of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, in EGFR exon 20 insertion-mutant lung cancer.

Background: Mobocertinib, an EGFR exon 20 insertion (Ex20ins)-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor has been used for treatment of advanced/metastatic EGFR Ex20ins-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, resistance mechanisms to EGFR Ex20ins-specific inhibitors and the efficacy of subsequent amivantamab treatment is unknown.

Methods: To investigate resistance mechanisms, tissue and cfDNA samples were collected before treatment initiation and upon development of resistance from NSCLC patients with EGFR Ex20ins mutations received mobocertinib, poziotinib, and amivantamab treatments.

Long-term survival analysis of robotic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

Robotic esophagectomy has improved early outcomes and enhanced the quality of lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer surgery. This study aimed to determine risk factors for long-term survival following robotic esophagectomy and the causes of long-term mortality. We included patients who underwent robotic esophagectomy at our institute between 2010 and 2022.