Transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma prevents lung inflammation and fibrosis via alveolar type 2 cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages.

Transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1γ) inhibits transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling, the main pathway involved in fibrosis. We previously showed that TIF1γ regulated anti fibrotic processes in the liver. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of TIF1γ in pulmonary fibrosis (PF).

DHRS13 suppresses differentiation and mitophagy in glioma via retinoic acid and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.

To elucidate the complex interplay of undifferentiated cancer cells in malignancy, we focus on the crucial mechanisms that maintain the undifferentiated state of cancer stem-like cells, which drive tumor growth and therapy resistance. Here, we identify a protein called dehydrogenase/reductase 13 (DHRS13) that is abundant in undifferentiated glioblastoma cells. DHRS13 is primarily located in the mitochondria and functions as a retinaldehyde reductase, converting all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinol with high affinity for NADPH.

Tandem High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Osteosarcoma With Initial Pulmonary Metastases.

Background: Although the survival rates of patients with localized osteosarcoma have significantly improved, metastatic osteosarcoma still has a poor prognosis. The role of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC/ASCT) in high-risk osteosarcoma remains unclear compared to that of conventional chemotherapy, and an optimal conditioning regimen remains unestablished. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of tandem HDC/ASCT in patients newly diagnosed with osteosarcoma and pulmonary metastasis.

Erratum: Clinicopathological Correlations of Neurodegenerative Diseases in the National Brain Biobank of Korea.

This corrects the article on p. 190 in vol. 21, PMID: 40308014.

Radiation-Induced Meningiomas Have an Aggressive Clinical Course: Genetic Signature Is Limited to Alterations, and Epigenetic Signature Is H3K27me3 Loss.

Background: While the clinical course of radiation-induced meningioma (RIM) is considered to be more aggressive than that of sporadic meningioma (SM), the genetic predisposition for RIM is not established well. The present study aimed to analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of RIMs to increase understanding of the tumorigenesis and prognosis of RIMs.

Methods: We investigated a database of 24 patients who met the RIM criteria between January 2000 and April 2023.

Clinicopathological Correlations of Neurodegenerative Diseases in the National Brain Biobank of Korea.

Background And Purpose: The National Brain Biobank of Korea (NBBK) is a brain bank consortium supported by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the Korea National Institute of Health, and was launched in 2015 to support research into neurodegenerative disease dementia (NDD). This study aimed to introduce the NBBK and describes clinicopathological correlations based on analyses of data collected from the NBBK.

Methods: Four hospital-based brain banks have been established in South Korea: Samsung Medical Center Brain Bank (SMCBB), Seoul National University Hospital Brain Bank (SNUHBB), Pusan National University Hospital Brain Bank (PNUHBB), and Myongji Hospital Brain Bank (MJHBB).

Comprehensive Classification of Surgically Resected Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Updates From a Single-Institution Experience Based on the WHO 5th Edition.

Background: The 5th edition of WHO classification (WHO5) renamed pituitary adenoma as pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET), aligning with NET nomenclature from other sites. This study investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of surgically resected PitNET based on the WHO5 classification.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 210 cases of surgically resected and pathologically confirmed PitNET treated at Seoul National University Hospital from 2021 to 2023.

7-nm Mn ZnFeO superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION): a high-performance theranostic for MRI and hyperthermia applications.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are promising contrast agents for imaging-guided cancer therapies. However, challenges such as the requirement for a high alternating magnetic field (AMF), dosage limitations, and suboptimal imaging contrast have hindered their practical applications. First, the optimal doping ratio of Mn and Zn in MnZnFeO nanoparticles synthesized using a modified high-temperature thermal decomposition method (mHTTD) was determined.

SNUH methylation classifier for CNS tumors.

Background: Methylation profiling of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, pioneered by the German Cancer Research Center, has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to further enhance the performance of methylation classifiers by leveraging publicly available data and innovative machine-learning techniques.

Results: Seoul National University Hospital Methylation Classifier (SNUH-MC) addressed data imbalance using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) algorithm and incorporated OpenMax within a Multi-Layer Perceptron to prevent labeling errors in low-confidence diagnoses.

Distant origin of glioblastoma recurrence: neural stem cells in the subventricular zone serve as a source of tumor reconstruction after primary resection.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common type of primary malignant brain cancer in adults. GBM often recurs locally near the resection cavity (RC) following the surgical removal of primary tumors. Recent research has reported that neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) harboring cancer-driving mutations serve as the cells of origin for human GBM.

Distribution and failure patterns of primary central nervous system lymphoma related to the hippocampus: implications for hippocampal avoidance irradiation.

Purpose: Hippocampal injury from WBRT contributes to neurocognitive decline in brain malignancy patients. HA-WBRT may mitigate this by reducing hippocampal radiation exposure, but its feasibility in PCNSL remains unassessed regarding hippocampal involvement and failure rates. This study evaluates hippocampal involvement at diagnosis and after treatment in PCNSL patients.

Assessment of concurrent neoplasms and a paraneoplastic association in MOGAD.

Cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) co-occurring with neoplasms have been reported. In this international, retrospective cohort study in South Korea and the USA, 16 of 445 (3.6%) patients with MOGAD had concurrent neoplasm within 2 years of MOGAD onset, resulting in a standardized incidence ratio for neoplasm of 3.

Resource availability for CNS tumor diagnostics in the Asian Oceanian region: A survey by the Asian Oceanian Society of Neuropathology committee for Adapting Diagnostic Approaches for Practical Taxonomy in Resource-Restrained Regions (AOSNP-ADAPTR).

The shift toward a histo-molecular approach in World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors (WHO CNS5) emphasizes the critical role of molecular testing, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and DNA methylation profiling, for accurate diagnosis. However, implementing these advanced techniques is particularly challenging in resource-constrained countries. To address this, the Asian Oceanian Society of Neuropathology committee for Adapting Diagnostic Approaches for Practical Taxonomy in Resource-Restrained Regions (AOSNP-ADAPTR) was initiated to help pathologists in resource-limited regions to implement WHO CNS5 diagnoses using simpler diagnostic tools, mainly immunohistochemistry.

Current Status and Future Perspective of Seoul National University Hospital-Dementia Brain Bank with Concordance of Clinical and Neuropathological Diagnosis.

This paper introduces the current status of Seoul National University Hospital Dementia Brain Bank (SNUH-DBB), focusing on the concordance rate between clinical diagnoses and postmortem neuropathological diagnoses. We detail SNUH-DBB operations, including protocols for specimen handling, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and cerebral organoids establishment from postmortem dural fibroblasts, and adult neural progenitor cell cultures. We assessed clinical-neuropathological diagnostic concordance rate.

Single-cell analysis reveals expanded CD8 T cells in CSF and shared peripheral clones in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Despite the crucial role of aberrant immune responses in ALS pathogenesis, studies investigating immunological profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with ALS have reported inconsistent findings. Herein, we explored the intrathecal adaptive immune response and features of circulating T cells between CSF and blood of patients with ALS using single-cell RNA and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing.

Surgical Strategy for Dumbbell-Shaped Cervical Schwannoma at the Vicinity of the Vertebral Artery: The Utilization of Anatomic Layer.

Background And Objectives: In cases where dumbbell-shaped cervical schwannoma encases the vertebral artery (VA), there is a risk of VA injury during surgery. The objective of this study is to propose a strategy for preserving the VA during the surgical excision of tumors adjacent to the VA through the utilization of anatomic layers.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 37 patients who underwent surgery for dumbbell-shaped cervical schwannoma with contacting VA from January 2004 to July 2023.

Prognostic Impact of Promoter Mutations in Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas Based on WHO2021 Criteria.

Mutation in the telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter ( )is commonly observed in various malignancies, such as central nervous system (CNS) tumors, malignant melanoma, bladder cancer, and thyroid carcinoma. These mutations are recognized as significant poor prognostic factors for these tumors. In this investigation, a total of 528 cases of adult-type diffuse gliomas diagnosed at a single institution were reclassified according to the 2021 WHO classifications of CNS tumors, 5th edition (WHO2021).

Comprehensive multiomics analysis reveals distinct differences between pediatric choroid plexus papilloma and carcinoma.

Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are intraventricular tumors derived from the choroid plexus epithelium and occur frequently in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic and epigenomic characteristics of CPT and identify the differences between choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). We conducted multiomics analyses of 20 CPT patients including CPP and CPC.

Primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain with EML4::ALK fusion mimicking intra-axial glioma: a case report and brief literature review.

An aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma occurs primarily inside the abdominal cavity, followed by a pulmonary localization. Most harbor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements, with RANBP2 and RRBP1 among the well-documented fusion partners. We report the second case of primary epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the brain, with a well-known EML4::ALK fusion.