Asian Subgroup Analysis of Patients in the Phase 2 DeLLphi-301 Study of Tarlatamab for Previously Treated Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Tarlatamab is a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) immunotherapy that binds delta-like ligand 3 on the surface of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells and CD3 on T cells, facilitating T cell-mediated cancer cell lysis. In the primary analysis of the phase 2 DeLLphi-301 study (NCT05060016), tarlatamab showed a favourable benefit-to-risk profile with durable objective responses and promising survival outcomes in patients with previously treated SCLC. Here, phase 2 data for the Asia region subgroup are presented.

Surgical treatment for complex adult lumbosacral lipomas excluding retethered cases: what are the benefits?

Objective: Although spinal dysraphism is a congenital anomaly, it is also diagnosed and treated in adults. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of adult patients with complex lumbosacral lipomatous malformations (LLMs).

Methods: Patients aged 19 years and older who were diagnosed with LLMs from January 2000 to December 2023 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed.

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Advanced and Recurrent Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Case Series.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare, benign, but locally aggressive tumor that typically affects adolescent males. While surgical resection is the standard treatment, achieving total resection is often challenging in advanced-stage tumors with intracranial extension, resulting in high recurrence rates. Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has been suggested as a potential adjuvant or salvage therapy, but evidence remains limited.

Site-dependent modulation of antitumor activity and fluorescence in thieno[3,2-]pyridin-5(4)-ones.

We report the design and synthesis of thieno[3,2-]pyridin-5(4)-one derivatives exhibiting site-dependent modulation of both antitumor activity and fluorescence, enabled by a regioselective BOP-promoted aza-[3 + 3] cycloaddition. The reaction proceeds between thiophen-3-amines and α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids, followed by base-induced dehydrogenation. Mechanistic studies reveal that the head-to-tail aza-[3 + 3] annulation involves a -1,4 conjugate addition, leading to an intramolecular amide coupling.

Boosting Inversion Symmetry Breaking in Epitaxial Tetragonal ZrO Via Atomic Layer Deposition.

The stabilization of intermediate polar phases in fluorite-structured oxides is critical for advancing ferroelectric and antiferroelectric applications. Here, we report the stabilization of epitaxial polar tetragonal (T) ZrO. Epitaxial HfZrO thin films (x = 1, 0.

Trehalose catalytic shift inherently enhances phenotypic heterogeneity and multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Drug-resistance (DR) in bacteria often develops through the repetitive formation of drug-tolerant persisters, which survive antibiotics without genetic changes. It is unclear whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), undergoes a similar transitioning process. Recent studies highlight changes in trehalose metabolism as crucial for persister formation and drug resistance.

Clinical and histopathological characteristics of melanomas in Asians under age 40.

Previous studies suggested racial difference between young melanomas of Caucasians and non-Caucasians. This study aimed to elucidate characteristics of melanomas in young Asians. We analyzed clinical and histologic characteristics of patients under age 40 diagnosed with cutaneous melanomas including in situs.

Anisotropic strain relaxation-induced directional ultrafast carrier dynamics in RuO films.

Ultrafast light-matter interactions inspire potential functionalities in picosecond optoelectronic applications. However, achieving directional carrier dynamics in metals remains challenging due to strong carrier scattering within a multiband environment, typically expected for isotropic carrier relaxation. In this study, we demonstrate epitaxial RuO/TiO (110) heterostructures grown by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy to engineer polarization selectivity of ultrafast light-matter interactions via anisotropic strain engineering.

A Pooled Analysis of Datopotamab Deruxtecan in Patients With EGFR-Mutated NSCLC.

Background: This exploratory analysis assessed datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) in pretreated patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC and EGFR mutations.

Methods: Data were pooled from the phase II TROPION-Lung05 (NCT04484142) and phase III TROPION-Lung01 (NCT04656652) trials. Patients with EGFR-mutated advanced or metastatic NSCLC, who had received previous targeted therapies and platinum-based chemotherapy, received Dato-DXd 6 mg/kg (TROPION-Lung05) or were randomized to Dato-DXd 6 mg/kg or docetaxel 75 mg/m (TROPION-Lung01) once every 3 weeks.

Metallicity and anomalous Hall effect in epitaxially strained, atomically thin RuO films.

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE), a hallmark of time-reversal symmetry breaking, has been reported in rutile RuO, a debated metallic altermagnetic candidate. Previously, AHE in RuO was observed only in strain-relaxed thick films under extremely high magnetic fields (~50 T). Yet, in ultrathin strained films with distinctive anisotropic electronic structures, there are no reports, likely due to disorder and defects suppressing metallicity thus hindering its detection.

Current-Driven Collective Control of Helical Spin Texture in van der Waals Antiferromagnet.

Electrical control of quantum magnetic states is essential in spintronic science. Initial studies on the ferromagnetic state control were extended to collinear antiferromagnets and, more recently, noncollinear antiferromagnets. However, electrical control mechanisms of such exotic magnetic states remain poorly understood.

Radiation-Induced Meningiomas Have an Aggressive Clinical Course: Genetic Signature Is Limited to Alterations, and Epigenetic Signature Is H3K27me3 Loss.

Background: While the clinical course of radiation-induced meningioma (RIM) is considered to be more aggressive than that of sporadic meningioma (SM), the genetic predisposition for RIM is not established well. The present study aimed to analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of RIMs to increase understanding of the tumorigenesis and prognosis of RIMs.

Methods: We investigated a database of 24 patients who met the RIM criteria between January 2000 and April 2023.

Amivantamab plus lazertinib versus osimertinib as first-line treatment in EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: MARIPOSA Asian subset.

Introduction: The incidence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is higher among Asian patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer than the general advanced non-small cell lung cancer population. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of amivantamab in combination with lazertinib versus osimertinib in Asian participants from the phase 3 MARIPOSA study who had treatment-naïve advanced non-small cell lung cancer with common EGFR mutations.

Methods: Participants were randomized 2:2:1 to receive amivantamab-lazertinib, osimertinib alone, or lazertinib alone.

Advancements in the production of value-added products via methane biotransformation by methanotrophs: Current status and future perspectives.

Methane gas is recognized as a promising carbon substrate for the biosynthesis of value-added products due to its abundance and low price. Methanotrophs utilized methane as their sole source of carbon and energy, thus they can serve as efficient biocatalysts for methane bioconversion. Methanotrophs-catalyzed microbial bioconversion offer numerous advantages, compared to chemical processes.

Predictors of optimal angiographic lesion outcomes in drug-coated balloon treatment for de novo coronary artery disease.

Drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment is an emerging strategy for de novo coronary artery disease (CAD), but procedural optimization remains uncertain. This study analyzed 317 patients who underwent DCB-based intervention for de novo CAD and angiographic follow-up: SR (successful, stent-like result: diameter stenosis < 20% at follow-up angiography, n = 84, 93 lesions) and Non-SR (n = 224, 358 lesions) groups. Baseline clinical and lesion characteristics were similar, except that SR lesions had larger diameter.

Phase 2 study of neoadjuvant durvalumab plus docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and S-1 with surgery and adjuvant durvalumab plus S-1 for resectable locally advanced gastric cancer.

Background: Based on the phase 3 PRODIGY study, neoadjuvant docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and S-1 (DOS) have emerged as a viable treatment option for Asian patients with resectable locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). This phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of combining neoadjuvant durvalumab with DOS, followed by surgery and adjuvant durvalumab plus S-1 chemotherapy, for resectable LAGC.

Methods: Patients with LAGC with cT2/3N+or cT4Nany tumors were enrolled in this study.

Gently Sloped and Extended Classification Margin for Overconfidence Relaxation of Out-of-Distribution Samples.

Recently, machine learning models are expected to be capable of detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples for safe use. However, the existing OOD detection methods have limitations. Post hoc calibration techniques used for OOD detection during the inference phase suffer from slow inference and low OOD detection accuracy because pretrained classifiers were not originally designed for this task.

Management Strategies of Neurofibromatosis Type 2 in Pediatric Patients : Challenges and Emerging Therapies.

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene, characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas and other central and peripheral nervous system tumors. Pediatric patients often present with more aggressive disease, greater tumor burdens, and increased morbidity compared to adults. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach that balances tumor control with functional preservation.

First-line nivolumab plus platinum chemotherapy and bevacizumab for advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer: A 3-year follow-up of the phase 3 randomized TASUKI-52 trial.

Objectives: In the randomized phase III TASUKI-52 trial, nivolumab with carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab significantly prolonged the progression-free survival (PFS) of treatment-naive patients with advanced or recurrent nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report the long-term outcomes of patients treated with nivolumab plus carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab with 3 years of follow-up.

Methods: Patients with stage IIIB/IV or recurrent nonsquamous NSCLC without sensitizing EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 mutations were randomized (1:1) to receive either nivolumab or placebo, in addition to carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab, every 3 weeks.

Clinical implementation of next-generation sequencing testing and genomically-matched therapy: a real-world data in a tertiary hospital.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) cancer profiling has gained traction in routine clinical practice in South Korea. Here, we evaluated the use of NGS testing and genomically-matched therapies for patients with advanced solid tumors in a real-world clinical practice. We analyzed results from NGS cancer panel tests (SNUBH pan-cancer version 2) ordered from June 2019 to June 2020.

Datopotamab Deruxtecan in Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Actionable Genomic Alterations: Results From the Phase II TROPION-Lung05 Study.

Purpose: Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is a trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2-directed antibody-drug conjugate with a highly potent topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. The TROPION-Lung05 phase II trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04484142) evaluated the safety and clinical activity of Dato-DXd in patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with actionable genomic alterations progressing on or after targeted therapy and platinum-based chemotherapy.

Amivantamab Plus Lazertinib in Patients With EGFR-Mutant NSCLC After Progression on Osimertinib and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: Results From CHRYSALIS-2 Cohort A.

Introduction: Treatment options for patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC with disease progression on or after osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy are limited.

Methods: CHRYSALIS-2 cohort A evaluated amivantamab plus lazertinib in patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion- or L858R-mutated NSCLC with disease progression on or after osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy. Primary end point was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR).

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for pulmonary metastasis from sarcoma: a retrospective comparison with metastasectomy.

Recent studies report excellent local control (LC) and favorable toxicities of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for pulmonary metastasis (PM) from sarcoma. This study compared the LC and survival of SABR and metastasectomy for sarcoma PM. We analyzed the LC rates of 54 PMs treated with SABR between 2008 and 2022.

The Role of Goal Source in Escalation of Commitment.

Escalation of commitment is an important decision problem that occurs across different decision contexts. Recognizing that escalation involves one's effort to achieve some form of a goal, researchers have attempted to understand escalation of commitment as a goal-pursuing activity. Prior research works have suggested that escalation situations consist of (1) an initial goal setting phase and (2) an escalation decision-making phase and have investigated how goal difficulty and goal specificity influence escalation decisions.

Engineering the Coherent Phonon Transport in Polar Ferromagnetic Oxide Superlattices.

Artificial superlattices composed of perovskite oxides serves as an essential platform for engineering coherent phonon transport by redefining the lattice periodicity, which strongly influences the lattice-coupled phase transitions in charge and spin degrees of freedom. However, previous methods of manipulating phonons have been limited to controlling the periodicity of superlattice, rather than utilizing complex mutual interactions that are prominent in transition metal oxides. In this study on oxide superlattices composed of ferromagnetic metallic SrRuO and quantum paraelectric SrTiO, phonon modulation by controlling the geometry of superlattice in atomic-scale precision is realized, demonstrating the coherent phonon engineering using structural and magnetic phase transitions.