Radiation-Induced Cavernous Malformation in the Cerebellum: Clinical Features of Two Cases.

Radiation-induced cavernous malformations (RICMs) are rare but significant late complications of high-dose radiation therapy, particularly in young survivors of brain tumors. This report presents two cases of RICMs following aggressive multimodal treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Case 1 was a 22-year-old male patient with medulloblastoma treated with craniospinal irradiation, tumor bed boost, and tandem autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

A rice husk-derived SiO/C composite for effective lithium-sulfur battery separator modification.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries offer several advantages including high specific capacity, high energy density, cost-effectiveness, and non-toxicity. However, challenges such as the shuttle effect and low electrical conductivity hinder the reversibility during cycling. Herein, we introduce a sustainable rice husk-derived SiO/porous carbon composite (S-MRH) for separator modification in high-performance Li-S batteries.

Clinical implementation of next-generation sequencing testing and genomically-matched therapy: a real-world data in a tertiary hospital.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) cancer profiling has gained traction in routine clinical practice in South Korea. Here, we evaluated the use of NGS testing and genomically-matched therapies for patients with advanced solid tumors in a real-world clinical practice. We analyzed results from NGS cancer panel tests (SNUBH pan-cancer version 2) ordered from June 2019 to June 2020.

Genetic alteration analysis of non-pediatric diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered.

Diffuse midline gliomas with H3 K27-alteration (DMGH3) are lethal and inoperable brain tumors. Although DMGH3s mainly occur in pediatric patients, they have also occurred in adult patients. This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological significance of targetable genetic alterations in non-pediatric DMGH3.

Evaluation of PD-L1 expression in PBRM1-altered clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) often harbors Polybromo 1 (PBRM1) alterations. These alterations are associated with immune checkpoint blockade response in ccRCC, particularly antiprogrammed cell death 1 (PD1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-targeted therapy. However, the association between PBRM1 alterations and PD-L1 expression in ccRCC remains unclear.

Central neurocytoma exhibits radial glial cell signatures with FGFR3 hypomethylation and overexpression.

We explored the genomic events underlying central neurocytoma (CN), a rare neoplasm of the central nervous system, via multiomics approaches, including whole-exome sequencing, bulk and single-nuclei RNA sequencing, and methylation sequencing. We identified FGFR3 hypomethylation leading to FGFR3 overexpression as a major event in the ontogeny of CN that affects crucial downstream events, such as aberrant PI3K-AKT activity and neuronal development pathways. Furthermore, we found similarities between CN and radial glial cells based on analyses of gene markers and CN tumor cells and postulate that CN tumorigenesis is due to dysregulation of radial glial cell differentiation into neurons.

An artificial intelligence-powered PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) analyser in urothelial carcinoma alleviating interobserver and intersite variability.

Aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have shown promising clinical outcomes in urothelial carcinoma (UC). The combined positive score (CPS) quantifies PD-L1 22C3 expression in UC, but it can vary between pathologists due to the consideration of both immune and tumour cell positivity.

Methods And Results: An artificial intelligence (AI)-powered PD-L1 CPS analyser was developed using 1,275,907 cells and 6175.

A densely packed air-stable free-standing film with FeP nanoparticles@C@P-doped reduced graphene oxide for sodium-ion batteries.

Developing a facile strategy which enhances the structural stability and air/moisture stability of transition metal phosphides for practical applications is important but challenging. Herein, we designed a densely packed free-standing film consisting of carbon-coated FeP nanoparticles anchored on P-doped graphene (FeP@C@PG film) through solventless thermal decomposition and the roll-press method. Phytic acid serves a multifunctional role as both a phosphorus source to prepare ultrafine FeP nanoparticles and a protective layer to improve air stability along with hydrophobic graphene and maximize the utilization of phosphide.

Wrapping silicon microparticles by using well-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes for the preparation of high-performance lithium-ion battery anode.

Silicon microparticles (SiMPs) show considerable promise as an anode material in high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their low-cost starting material and high capacity. The failure issues associated with the intrinsically low conductivity and significant volume expansion of Si have largely been resolved by designing silicon/carbon composites using carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The CNTs are important in terms of stress dissipation and the conductive network in Si/CNT composites.

Management challenges associated with a pineal region chordoma: illustrative case.

Background: Chordomas, which are rare malignant neoplasms arising from notochordal remnants, often cause gradually progressive clinical symptoms. Intradural cranial chordomas (ICCs) are extremely rare and generally have a favorable prognosis. However, the authors reported the case of a primary ICC originating in the pineal gland presenting with recurrent thalamic hemorrhage and displaying an aggressive postoperative clinical course.

Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Grade 2/3 Meningiomas: A Perspective on the Role of Next-Generation Sequencing.

Background: Grade 2/3 meningiomas have locally aggressive behaviors often requiring additional treatment plans after surgical resection. Herein, we explored the clinical significance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in characterizing the molecular profiles of high-grade meningiomas.

Methods: Patients with intracranial meningioma who underwent surgical resection in a single institution were retrospectively reviewed.

Vitamin D status in Dupuytren's disease: Association with clinical status and vitamin D receptor expression.

Background: Dupuytren's disease (DD) is a progressive fibroproliferative condition involving contractures of the fascia of the palm. Up to now, there are no relevant investigations on patients with DD in case of serum vitamin D deficiency. We hypothesized that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is increased in patients with DD in consequence of vitamin D deficiency, thereby leading to myofibroblast differentiation and subsequent progression of contractures.

Whole-Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing Identified NOTCH2 and HES1 as Potential Markers of Response to Imatinib in Desmoid Tumor (Aggressive Fibromatosis): A Phase II Trial Study.

Purpose: Desmoid tumor, also known as aggressive fibromatosis, is well-characterized by abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Various therapeutic options, including imatinib, are available to treat desmoid tumor. However, the molecular mechanism of why imatinib works remains unclear.

Prognostic significance of natural killer cell-associated markers in gastric cancer: quantitative analysis using multiplex immunohistochemistry.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells mediate the anti-tumoral immune response as an important component of innate immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance and functional implication of NK cell-associated surface receptors in gastric cancer (GC) by using multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC).

Methods: We performed an mIHC on tissue microarray slides, including 55 GC tissue samples.

Surgical treatment and long-term outcomes of low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma: a single-center case series of 15 patients.

Background: Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a poorly studied, rare, soft tissue sarcoma. LGMS is characterized by a low malignancy potential, tendency for local recurrence, and low likelihood of distant metastases. However, no studies have reported on the surgical treatment method and its long-term outcomes.

Sporadic Intradural Extramedullary Hemangioblastoma Not Associated with von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Hemangioblastomas are low-grade, highly vascular tumors that are usually associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Hemangioblastomas most commonly occur in the cerebellum, and intradural extramedullary hemangioblastoma of the cauda equina is very rare, especially in patients without von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Herein, we report a case of intradural extramedullary hemangioblastoma of the cauda equina that was not associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, with a focus on its imaging characteristics and differential diagnoses.

Persistent expression of interleukin-17 and downstream effector cytokines in recalcitrant psoriatic lesions after ustekinumab treatment.

The interleukin (IL)-23/T-helper (Th)17 axis is considered central to the pathogenesis of psoriasis, with IL-36γ considered a marker for histological differential diagnosis. However, expression data regarding key cytokines in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, as well as data on the effects of IL-23 inhibition on downstream cytokines in human psoriatic skin, are limited. We investigated the expression profile of key cytokines and the effect of ustekinumab (UST) on cytokine expression in human psoriatic tissue.

Programmed cell death-ligand 1 assessment in urothelial carcinoma: prospect and limitation.

Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibition has revolutionized the treatment paradigm of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Several PD-L1 assays are conducted to formulate appropriate treatment decisions for PD-1/PD-L1 target therapy in UC. However, each assay has its own specific requirement of antibody clones, staining platforms, scoring algorithms, and cutoffs for the determination of PD-L1 status.

Development and operation of a digital platform for sharing pathology image data.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) research is highly dependent on the nature of the data available. With the steady increase of AI applications in the medical field, the demand for quality medical data is increasing significantly. We here describe the development of a platform for providing and sharing digital pathology data to AI researchers, and highlight challenges to overcome in operating a sustainable platform in conjunction with pathologists.

ARCO Consensus on the Pathogenesis of Non-traumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a devastating disease frequently leading to femoral head collapse and hip arthritis. Specifically, non-traumatic ONFH primarily affects young and middle-aged adults. Although compromised local circulation of the femoral head seems to be pathognomonic for the disease, the pathogenesis is perplexing and continues to be an area of scrutiny and research.

Expression of human leukocyte antigen class I and β2-microglobulin in colorectal cancer and its prognostic impact.

Downregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I has been postulated to be a mechanism of adaptive immune escape in various tumors, especially microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to investigate HLA class I and β2-microglobulin (β2M) expression in MSI-H and microsatellite-stable (MSS) CRCs and determine its prognostic impact. The representative areas from the tumor center (TC) and tumor periphery (TP) from 300 CRCs, including 161 MSI-H and 139 MSS cases, were selected to construct a tissue microarray.

-wildtype secondary glioblastoma arising in -mutant diffuse astrocytoma: a case report.

Primary glioblastoma develops without clinical or histological evidence of a low-grade precursor lesion, whereas secondary glioblastoma develops from a low-grade glioma. The present report describes an extraordinary case of -wildtype secondary glioblastoma arising in -mutant diffuse astrocytoma. A 31-year-old female had a surgical history of -mutant diffuse astrocytoma on the left frontal lobe six years before.

A rare case of intraparenchymal subependymoma in a child.

Subependymoma is a slow-growing, exophytic, intraventricular glial neoplasm that commonly arises in the ventricular system. However, a report found that the frequency of intracerebral subependymoma was 0.4% in 1000 routine autopsies.