ACE inhibition increases Alzheimer's disease risk by promoting tau phosphorylation.

Reportedly, over 60% of individuals in the USA aged 65 or older take antihypertensive medications, making it crucial to evaluate their potential impact on dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, develops insidiously over decades, effectively precluding clinical trials of antihypertensive drug effects on AD risk. Through a triangulation approach integrating large-scale human genetics, population-based study, and rigorous experimental models, we identified that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were associated with increased AD risk, with no significant associations observed for other antihypertensive classes, including angiotensin II receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers.

Estrogen receptor α regulates SVCT2 protein level in human breast cancer cells.

The solute carrier (SLC) protein family, traditionally recognized for transporting molecules across cell membranes, is gaining attention for its broader roles, including signaling. Among SLC proteins, the ascorbate transporter SVCT2 remains poorly understood, particularly in relation to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), a key regulator in breast cancer cells. Here, we investigate how ERα regulates SVCT2 and its implications for chemoresistance.

Classification of shoulder diseases in older adult patients: a narrative review.

This review classifies and summarizes the major shoulder diseases affecting older adults, focusing on rotator cuff disease, frozen shoulder, osteoarthritis, and shoulder instability. It explores each condition's pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies to guide clinicians in optimizing patient outcomes and enhancing quality of life. Age-related degenerative changes, comorbidities, and distinct etiological factors contribute to the presentation of shoulder disorders in older adults.

Effect of the patient-specific instrumentation guidance on the accurate positioning of the baseplate and screws in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: Multicenter comparative study.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of implant placement using patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) compared to conventional techniques, and to determine whether PSI enhances the precision of glenoid component and screw positioning.

Methods: This retrospective, multi-centre comparative study included 135 patients who underwent primary RTSA across four tertiary medical centres. Patients were divided into two groups: 65 received RTSA with PSI, and 70 underwent conventional RTSA.

Early warning score and feasible complementary approach using artificial intelligence-based bio-signal monitoring system: a review.

Early warning score (EWS) have become an essential component of patient safety strategies in healthcare environments worldwide. These systems aim to identify patients at risk of clinical deterioration by evaluating vital signs and other physiological parameters, enabling timely intervention by rapid response teams. Despite proven benefits and widespread adoption, conventional EWS have limitations that may affect their ability to effectively detect and respond to patient deterioration.

Comparison of Cognitive Deterioration Between Propofol and Remimazolam Anesthesia in ApoE4 Knock-In Mouse Model.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a concern following anesthesia, particularly in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study compared the cognitive and pathological effects of propofol and remimazolam in a mouse model with AD following surgery. Five-month-old male ApoE4-KI mice underwent abdominal surgery under either propofol (170 mg/kg) or remimazolam (85 mg/kg) anesthesia.

The Comprehensive Effect of Depression, Anxiety, and Headache on Pain Intensity and Painkiller Use in Patients with Headache Analyzed by Unsupervised Clustering Using Machine Learning.

: Patients with headache experience depression, anxiety, and reduced quality of life, which are individually associated with pain intensity and painkiller use, but their comprehensive combined effect remains unclear. : Comprehensive patient groups were formed based on unsupervised clustering using machine learning algorithms, and their associations were analyzed via ordinary least square regression. K-means and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) combined with hierarchical density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (HDBSCAN) were applied for clustering.

Eutectic-Like Ion-Conductive Phase-Incorporated Zwitterionic Covalent Organic Framework Solid Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries.

High energy-density Li metal batteries with improved safety and cyclic performance can be achieved by adopting solid polymer electrolytes. However, current solid polymer electrolytes show inferior room-temperature ionic conductivity and Li-ion transference number (t), impeding their practical applications. Herein, a 3-(pyridinium)propane-1-sulfonate zwitterionic covalent organic framework (PSZ-COF) incorporating a eutectic-like ion-conductive phase is prepared by making a complex with N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Pyrrol-FSI) and Li salts in its channels as a solid electrolyte (eutectic PSZ-COF).

Rice RING E3 Ligase OsRFP45 Negatively Regulates Salt Tolerance by Modulating Na/K Transporter Genes.

Salinity stress is a major environmental challenge affecting global rice production by disrupting ion homeostasis and inducing oxidative damage. We characterized Oryza sativa RING Finger Protein 45 (OsRFP45), a RING-v-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, and investigated its role in the salt stress response in rice. OsRFP45-overexpressing (OE) and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout (KO) rice lines were generated to examine their physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to salt stress.

Rationale and methodology for injection therapy to treat rotator cuff disease: a scoping review.

Rotator cuff disease is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition associated with significant pain and functional impairment. Various injection therapies, ranging from corticosteroids to advanced biologic approaches, offer potential solutions for managing rotator cuff disease. This scoping review consolidates evidence on the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of these treatments.

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Predict Myocardial Dysfunction in a Chemotherapy-Induced Rat Model.

Chemotherapy improves survival in breast cancer patients but increases the risk of myocardial dysfunction and heart failure. Since early prediction of cardiomyopathy remains difficult, biomarkers are needed for detecting myocardial damage before heart failure develops. This study examines the association between oxidative stress biomarkers and myocardial dysfunction in a chemotherapy-induced rat model.

Postoperative Corticosteroid Injection After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair in Patients With Stiffness Has Similar Clinical Outcome Compared With Repair Combined With Capsular Release: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To investigate whether 2 months of a postoperative intra-articular corticosteroid injection after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) in rotator cuff tear (RCT) patients with stiffness would improve the functional scores and range of motion of the operated shoulder without capsular release during ARCR.

Methods: From March 2020 to September 2021, a total of 73 patients who had RCT with stiffness and were scheduled for ARCR were enrolled prospectively and randomly allocated into 2 groups. The patients who underwent ARCR with capsular release were allocated to group 1 (n = 37).

Functional Disability and Psychological Impact in Headache Patients: A Comparative Study Using Conventional Statistics and Machine Learning Analysis.

: Recent research has focused on exploring the relationships between various factors associated with headaches and understanding their impact on individuals' psychological states. Utilizing statistical methods and machine learning models, these studies aim to analyze and predict these relationships to develop effective approaches for headache management and prevention. : Analyzing data from 398 patients (train set = 318 and test set = 80), we investigated the influence of various features on outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and headache intensity using machine learning and linear regression.

A survey of anesthesiologists aged 60 years and older in Korea: current status, challenges, and future strategies.

Background: As the global population ages, medical professionals are also aging. This study investigates the status of Korean anesthesiologists over the age of 60.

Methods: Anesthesiologists aged 60 and older, residing and working in Korea, were invited to participate in this study via e-mail from February to March 2021 and by mail from June to August 2021.

Functional Nanosheet Immunoswitches Reprogramming Innate Macrophages for Immunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer and Sepsis.

Macrophages are involved in the immunopathogenesis of cancer and inflammatory diseases and are a primary target for immunotherapy to reprogram the M1 and M2 phenotypes in tumor and inflammatory microenvironments. Herein, functional nanosheet immunoswitches that can bidirectionally polarize macrophages in tumor and inflammatory microenvironments are designed for effective immunotherapy of colorectal cancer and sepsis. WSe nanosheets are functionalized with palmitic acid to obtain an M1 immunoswitch (PA-WSe) that promotes the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype in the tumor microenvironment by activating the STAT1 signaling pathway.

Relationship Between Frequency Domain Indicators of Heart Rate Variability and Both Age and Duration of Illness in Patients with Headache: A Cross-Sectional Study.

: One of the most prevalent neurological conditions in the world, headaches impact a large number of people. Patients who experience headaches often have autonomic nervous system dysfunction, which can influence the onset and duration of headaches. Heart rate variability (HRV) serves as an indicator of the autonomic nervous system's activity and balance.

Perforator-Based Propeller Flap Application in Pressure Ulcer Reconstruction: A Comparative Analysis With Advancement Flaps.

Background: Pressure ulcers are a prevalent and debilitating condition, often necessitating surgical reconstruction. Various flap techniques, such as Advancement Flaps (AF) and Perforator-based Propeller Flaps (PBPF), are commonly used for pressure sore reconstruction. While both techniques have proven effective, there is limited research comparing their outcomes in different clinical scenarios.

Deep learning model for identifying acute heart failure patients using electrocardiography in the emergency room.

Aims: Acute heart failure (AHF) poses significant diagnostic challenges in the emergency room (ER) because of its varied clinical presentation and limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a deep learning model using electrocardiogram (ECG) data to enhance AHF identification in the ER.

Methods And Results: In this retrospective cohort study, we analysed the ECG data of 19 285 patients who visited ERs of three hospitals between 2016 and 2020; 9119 with available left ventricular ejection fraction and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide level data and who were diagnosed with AHF were included in the study.

Comparison of early warning scoring systems for predicting stroke occurrence among hospitalized patients: A study using smart clinical data warehouse.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of two widely used early warning scoring systems, the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), for predicting stroke occurrence in hospitalized patients.

Methods: The study enrolled 5,474 patients admitted to the intensive care unit from the general ward using data from the Smart Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW). MEWS and NEWS were calculated based on vital signs and clinical parameters within four hours of stroke onset.

Injection of an allodermal matrix and leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma mixture improved the tendon integrity in cases of full-thickness common extensor tendon tears of the elbow: Two case reports.

Rationale: Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, is a chronic condition characterized by tendinosis at the insertion site of the lateral epicondyle. Various treatment methods are available, ranging from conservative to surgical options for refractory lateral epicondylitis. Recently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have shown effectiveness for treating this condition.

Acute tolerance to rocuronium -A case report.

Background: A booster dose can result in a similar reaction to the initial dose. Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) can produce a comparable reaction in the absence of specific pathophysiologic alterations.

Case: An initial dose of rocuronium 40 mg was given to a male patient (50 years old, height 168 cm, weight 54 kg, body mass index 19.

Association between Dietary Antioxidants and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in South Korea: Insights from a Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Analysis.

: The multifactorial nature of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) implicates genetic, environmental, and dietary habits. Antioxidants found in foods have garnered attention for their potential role in mitigating ASCVD risk by combating oxidative stress. This study seeks to confirm the findings of previous research through a large-scale cross-sectional analysis performed in a unique population with Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to explore the association between the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and ASCVD prevalence among middle- and old-aged individuals in South Korea.

Homologous Targeting Effect of Cancer Cell-Derived Liposomes (Memposomes) Mediated by Cell Adhesion Molecules: Role of E-cadherin.

Cell membrane-derived liposomes, termed Memposomes, serve as promising carriers for drug delivery due to their ability to closely mimic cells and efficiently target specific cells. Liposomes derived from cancer cell membranes, in particular, exhibit homologous targeting capabilities, making them potential candidates for cancer-specific drug delivery. However, the underlying mechanisms and specific proteins responsible for this homologous targeting phenomenon remain debated.

Fine-Tuned Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformers Versus ChatGPT for Text-Based Outpatient Department Recommendation: Comparative Study.

Background: Patients often struggle with determining which outpatient specialist to consult based on their symptoms. Natural language processing models in health care offer the potential to assist patients in making these decisions before visiting a hospital.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in recommending medical specialties for medical questions.