A Trailblazing Quenching Strategy for Simultaneous LiF Formation at Surface and Intergranular Interfaces for Enhanced Stability of High-Ni NCM Cathodes.

Water-washing effectively removes surface residual lithium from high-Ni LiNiCoMnO (NCM) cathodes; however, it inevitably degrades the electrochemical performance. To address this issue, integrated strategies targeting the conversion of surface residual lithium into artificial coating layers on high-Ni NCM cathodes have been proposed; however, these require further processing, thus hindering their industrial application. This study proposes a trailblazing strategy for directly converting residual lithium into a LiF layer simultaneously formed on both the surface of secondary particles and the interfaces between the primary particles of high-Ni NCM, without requiring further processing.

Rutin Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function and Protects Against X-Ray Radiation-Induced Barrier Dysfunction in Human Epithelial Caco-2 Cells.

The small intestinal epithelium plays a critical role in nutrient absorption but is highly sensitive to radiation-induced injury. Despite this vulnerability, therapeutic strategies to prevent or restore radiation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction remain limited. Polyphenols are known to protect the intestinal barrier by mitigating and repairing damage.

study of visible light-activated photocatalytic conversion reaction enhancement of biomass using a magnetic heterostructure.

Although cadmium sulfide (CdS) is a promising visible light-active photocatalyst, it is highly toxic. Therefore, in addition to improving the photocatalytic properties of CdS, enhancing its recoverability would allow for more environmentally friendly photocatalytic reactions. In this study, ferrimagnetic FeO nanoparticles (NPs) were added to CdS to form a heterostructure, and photocatalytic CdS NPs were efficiently recovered.

Characterization of tire and road wear microplastics and phthalates in inhalable PM road Dust: Implications for urban air pollution.

Road dust (RD) is a major contributor to urban environmental pollution. Among its constituents, tire and road wear microplastics (TRWMPs) and phthalates are of increasing concern due to their adverse impacts on human health and ecosystems. This study presents the first integrated analysis of TRWMPs and phthalates in inhalable PM RD, collected from industrial and residential areas in Seoul, Korea.

Effect of bag valve ventilation versus mechanical ventilation after endotracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation on outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a propensity score analysis.

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of mechanical ventilator (MV) utilizaton during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patient clinical outcomes in the emergency department.

Methods: This single-centered, retrospective, case-control study analyzed electronic medical records. Patients aged >18 years with non-traumatic OHCA who were treated at an emergency medical center between January 2019 and December 2023 were included.

Synthesis and characterization of ultra-small octahedral PtNiCo skeletons with high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction.

Here, we report the synthesis of a ternary PtNiCo octahedral skeletal catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A mixed flow of H and CO facilitated complete reduction, promoted Pt diffusion, and enabled the formation of octahedral PtNiCo nanoparticles (NPs). The resulting ternary skeletal catalyst, obtained after acid treatment, exhibited a mass activity (MA) of 1.

Robust High-Spin State in One-Dimensional CrX (X = Cl, Br, I) at the Single-Chain Limit.

Low-dimensional magnetic materials have garnered significant interest due to their unique physical properties and potential applications. Nevertheless, the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) magnetic materials presents challenges, and the properties of these 1D materials at the single-chain limit have not been well investigated. We here explore experimentally and theoretically 1D CrX (X= Cl, Br, I) magnetic single chains residing within carbon nanotubes.

Comparison of Surgical Outcomes in Robot-Assisted Nipple Sparing Mastectomy with Conventional Open Nipple Sparing Mastectomy: A Single Center Experience.

: A surgical therapy for breast cancer, robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (RANSM) has gained popularity because it may offer better cosmetic results than traditional nipple-sparing mastectomy (CNSM). Data regarding RANSM's viability and security are still scarce, nevertheless. Comparing the surgical results of RANSM and CNSM in a single-center experience was the goal of this study.

Bioconversion and characteristics of the rebaudioside D-like compound by glucosyltransferases combination.

Rebaudioside D (RD) is an alternative sweetener that has attracted attention due to its lower bitterness compared to stevioside (ST) and rebaudioside A (RA). However, its lower water solubility restricts its application in the food industry. Rebaudioside D-like compound (RDLC) was produced by combining two types of glucosyltransferases.

Rebaudioside D and M, the next-generation sugar substitutes, do not exacerbate metabolic dysfunction in high-fat diet mice.

As concerns about sugar-sweetened beverages are increasing, interest in natural sweeteners with zero calories is also growing. This study explores the health impacts of rebaudioside D and M, emerging sugar substitutes, compared to traditional alternatives and stevioside. In mouse models, we investigated the effects of rebaudioside D and M on obesity, liver health, thermogenic adipocytes, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota.

Patch-type capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer for ultrasonic power and data transfer.

Ultrasonic power and data transfer is a promising technology for implantable medical devices because of its non-invasiveness, deep penetration depth, and potential for a high-power transmission rate with a low specific absorption rate. However, ultrasound-powered implantable devices still suffer from low power transfer efficiency due to beam misalignment and are limited to short-term use due to the bulkiness of the transmitting transducers. Here, we report the first proof of concept for adaptive positioning and targeting of ultrasound-based implantable devices through ultrasound image guidance.

Neurodiversity-Affirming Clinical Care: Principles and Pearls.

To provide the best possible care, neurologists must have a thorough understanding of the social and historical context of disability. Knowledge of the biology of neurologic conditions alone is insufficient. Currently, there is a scarcity of explicit education and training on disability beyond the traditional medical lens.

Component Associations of the Healthy Worker Survivor Bias in Medical Radiation Workers.

Background: The healthy worker survivor bias may vary by sex. This study investigated three component associations necessary for this bias to determine the origins of sex differences in this bias among male and female workers.

Methods: We analyzed a data set of 93,918 South Korean diagnostic medical radiation workers registered in the National Dose Registry from 1996 to 2011, linked with mortality and cancer incidence data.

Giant Modulation of Interlayer Coupling in Twisted Bilayer ReS.

Stacking monolayers of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides with different twist angles can provide a way to tune their quantum optical and electronic characteristics. This study demonstrates that the bandgap energy and interlayer coupling strength of twisted bilayer (tBL) ReS can be continuously modulated by the twist angle. By controlling the twist angle between 0° and 10°, the exciton energy of tBL ReS is tuned over a range of 40 meV, which is comparable to the difference between the exciton energies of intrinsic monolayer and bilayer ReS.

Stray Light in 3D Porous Nanostructures of Single-Crystalline Copper Film.

In the design of optical devices and components, geometric structures and optical properties of materials, such as absorption, refraction, reflection, diffraction, scattering, and trapping, have been utilized. Finding the ideal material with certain optical and geometric characteristics is essential for a customized application. Herein, unoxidizable achromatic copper films (ACFs) are fabricated on AlO substrates utilizing an atomic sputtering epitaxy apparatus.

Targeted drug delivery of cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles decorated with a VEGFR-binding peptide.

Chemotherapy is commonly used to manage cancer lesions, but its use is limited or has a high risk of failure due to the side effects of the drugs. The use of a drug delivery system can minimize the side effects of drugs and maximize their anticancer effects. This study investigated the potential of tumor cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) as drug delivery vehicles for doxorubicin (Dox).

Redirecting cytotoxic lymphocytes to breast cancer tumors via metabolite-sensing receptors.

Insufficient infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes to solid tumors limits the efficacy of immunotherapies and cell therapies. Here, we report a programmable mechanism to mobilize Natural Killer (NK) and T cells to breast cancer tumors by engineering these cells to express orphan and metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). First, in vivo and in vitro CRISPR activation screens in NK-92 cells identified , , , , , and as top enhancers of both tumor infiltration and chemotaxis to breast cancer.

Evaluation of emission factors for resuspended tire-wear particles in urban road dust using empirical model-based methods.

Tire and road wear particles, major contributors to non-exhaust particulate matter emissions, are frequently resuspended into the atmosphere from road dust, posing significant environmental and health challenges. Conventional approaches to estimating emission factors (EFs) often rely on variables such as road dust loading, vehicle types, and road classifications; however, these methods typically neglect the critical influence of wind speed on resuspension dynamics. This study introduces a methodology that incorporates wind speed as a fundamental parameter to improve the accuracy of EF estimations for resuspended tire-wear particles (TWPs).

Nature-inspired surface modification strategies for implantable devices.

Medical and implantable devices are essential instruments in contemporary healthcare, improving patient quality of life and meeting diverse clinical requirements. However, ongoing problems such as bacterial colonization, biofilm development, foreign body responses, and insufficient device-tissue adhesion hinder the long-term effectiveness and stability of these devices. Traditional methods to alleviate these issues frequently prove inadequate, necessitating the investigation of nature-inspired alternatives.

Enhancing Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection Through Cobalt-Substituted Hafnia.

Engineered defect chemistry in ultrathin (≈5 nm) hafnia through substitutional cobalt (HCO) is investigated for selective glucose sensing. Thin films of HCO, grown using chemical solution deposition (CSD)-traditionally used to grow thick films-on silicon, show significant glucose sensing activity and undergo monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transformation. The presence of multivalent cobalt in hafnia, with oxygen vacancies in proximity, selectively oxidizes glucose with minimal interference from ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid.

Differences in extraction methods influence the physicochemical properties, antiradical, and anti-inflammatory effects of porphyran from Pyropia dentata.

The anti-inflammatory and anti-radical activities of Pyropia dentata porphyran (PDP) prepared by different extraction techniques were investigated. Water shaking extraction (WE), ultrasound extraction (UE), acid extraction (Aci.E), and alkaline extraction (Alk.

Kombucha inhibits adipogenesis and promotes lipolytic activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Unlabelled: This research was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity effects of black tea or green tea kombucha (BK, GK) and compared their compositional differences. As a result of kombucha treatment during the adipocyte differentiation process, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ was significantly decreased, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α and adipocyte protein 2 showed a tendency to decrease with BK treatment. Oil red O staining results also demonstrated a reduction of lipid accumulation by BK treatment compared to the control.

An impermeable copper surface monolayer with high-temperature oxidation resistance.

Despite numerous efforts involving surface coating, doping, and alloying, maintaining surface stability of metal at high temperatures without compromising intrinsic properties has remained challenging. Here, we present a pragmatic method to address the accelerated oxidation of Cu, Ni, and Fe at temperatures exceeding 200 °C. Inspired by the concept that oxygen (O) itself can effectively obstruct the pathway of O infiltration, this study proposes the immobilization of O on the metal surface.

The Long-term influences of Age-At-Injury on Neuroinflammation and neuronal Apoptosis following Traumatic Brain Injury in Pediatric and Adulthood Mice.

Objective: The study aims to investigate the long-term impacts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in pediatric and adult mice, specifically focusing on how age-at-injury influences these processes.

Methods: Controlled cortical impact (CCI) was used to induce TBI in pediatric (21-25 days old) and adult (8-12 weeks old) C57Bl/6 male mice. Neuroinflammation was evaluated through immunoreactivity for Iba-1 and GFAP, while apoptosis was assessed using markers such as Bax, Bcl- 2, and pro-caspase-3.