The Association Between Melanoma and Autoimmune Diseases: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in the Republic of Korea.

Few population-based studies have investigated the association between melanoma and autoimmune diseases in Asian populations. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using the South Korean National Health Insurance database to investigate the association between melanoma and autoimmune diseases in Asian individuals. Melanoma patients were identified, and birth year and sex matched controls were randomly selected at a 1:10 ratio.

Abamectin disrupts sperm function through the alteration of PKA activity and tyrosine phosphorylation in boar spermatozoa.

The potential toxicity of abamectin (ABM), a macrocyclic lactone insecticide widely used in agriculture, in non-target organisms has raised concerns. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of ABM on sperm function, focusing on motility, kinematics, ATP levels, viability, protein kinase A (PKA) activity, and tyrosine phosphorylation. Boar spermatozoa were incubated with various ABM concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, and 100 µM) under capacitating conditions and assessed through computer-assisted sperm analysis, Hoechst 33258/chlortetracycline staining, ATP and viability assays, and Western blotting.

Cutaneous extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma: heterogeneity of spatial transcriptomic profiling according to primary tumor site.

Introduction: Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) with cutaneous involvement can be divided into primary cutaneous ENKTL (pcENKTL) and secondary cutaneous involvement (scENKTL). Despite different originations, the clinical and histopathological findings are indistinguishable. Moreover, the prognosis determinants in each entity have yet to be established.

Impact of Sleep Apnea on Perivascular Diffusivity and Cognition: A 4-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may impair perivascular diffusivity, a proposed glymphatic biomarker, contributing to cognitive decline.

Objectives: To investigate the longitudinal impact of OSA on cognitive performance and perivascular diffusivity, measured by diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), and whether changes in diffusivity mediate the relationship between OSA and cognition.

Methods: In a community-based cohort, 1,110 participants underwent polysomnography, brain DTI, and cognitive assessments at baseline and four-year follow-up.

Vocal Fatigue in Mandarin-Speaking Teachers: Characteristics of Phonation and Resonance.

Objective: To investigate phonatory and resonatory characteristics in Mandarin-speaking female teachers with vocal fatigue (VF).

Methods: A case-control study was conducted among teachers in Shanghai, China. Participants included 18 vocal-fatigued teachers (VF), 17 non-vocal-fatigued teachers (NVF), and 16 nonoccupational voice users (NOVU).

Therapeutic effects of a combination of and extract on allergic airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model.

Background: Allergic asthma involves chronic inflammation, airway remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness. Inhaled corticosteroids combined with long-acting β2 agonists are effective; however, some patients experience side effects, highlighting the need for safer natural alternatives suitable for long-term use. (Q) and (SC) are used to treat various diseases, including asthma and inflammation.

Exploring the link between grit and excessive daytime sleepiness: a study in a population sample.

Purpose: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common condition with implications for individual health and public safety. While factors such as snoring and depression are known contributors to EDS, the role of grit in EDS remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between and EDS in a representative sample of Korean adults, with a specific focus on the two components of grit: perseverance of effort (PE) and consistency of interest (CI).

Clinical and histopathological characteristics of melanomas in Asians under age 40.

Previous studies suggested racial difference between young melanomas of Caucasians and non-Caucasians. This study aimed to elucidate characteristics of melanomas in young Asians. We analyzed clinical and histologic characteristics of patients under age 40 diagnosed with cutaneous melanomas including in situs.

Prevention of stent migration of covered self-expandable metal stents in distal malignant biliary obstruction: a review of literature.

Distal malignant biliary obstruction (dMBO) is a common complication of advanced malignancies, particularly pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer, requiring biliary drainage to relieve symptoms. Endoscopic drainage using self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) is widely preferred due to improved long-term patency compared with plastic stents. However, the choice between fully covered SEMS (FCSEMS) and uncovered SEMS (UCSEMS) remains controversial, primarily due to migration risks associated with FCSEMS.

Brain water dynamics across sleep stages measured by near-infrared spectroscopy: Implications for glymphatic function.

This study investigates brain water dynamics across the sleep-wake cycle using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and linear mixed-effects modeling, motivated by prior observations that glymphatic activity increases during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and decreases during REM sleep. Forty-one healthy volunteers underwent polysomnography with concurrent cerebral NIRS, with measurements taken 30 minutes before sleep, throughout the night, and for 60 minutes after waking. Brain water content (arbitrary unit, A.

Ocular and auditory comorbidities in patients with vitiligo: A nationwide population-based study in the Republic of Korea.

Background: Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease affecting the skin and melanocytes in other organs, including the eyes and ears. However, large-scale studies on its ocular and auditory comorbidities are limited.

Objective: To investigate ocular and auditory comorbidities in patients with vitiligo.

Loss of in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Reversed the Tumor-Promoting Effects of a High-Fat Diet.

Although it is known that High-fat diet (HFD) promotes the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), no direct link between HFD and cancer has been identified. Previously, we showed that ATP production by cancer cells depends on fatty acid oxidation (FAO); therefore, we hypothesized that blocking FAO may prevent HFD-induced promotion of PDAC growth. To determine whether FAO is increased in PDAC patients, we analyzed a tissue microarray by immunohistochemical staining to detect carnitine palmitoyl transferase I.

Optimal Value of Mutant KRAS Circulating Tumor DNA for Predicting Prognosis and Monitoring in Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: The generalizability and applicability of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) KRAS mutations in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) remain elusive. We aimed to propose a cut-off value of mutant KRAS (mKRAS) concentration in ctDNA and validate its clinical utility.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter cohort study enrolled 419 patients with PAC.

Immune checkpoint molecules and spatial transcriptome profiles according to BRAF status in acral melanoma.

Background: Acral melanoma (AM) shows different genomic profiles based on BRAF status, and the data on the association with BRAF and immune checkpoint molecules are lacking.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the significance of BRAF mutation in AMs, exploring expression patterns of immune checkpoint molecules and transcriptome profiles related to tumour immunity according to BRAF status.

Methods: Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of BRAF, Programmed death-1 (PD-1), Lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3) and T-Cell Immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) was performed on AM tissues.

Citrinin delays muscle aging and extends lifespan in C. elegans and prevents senescence in C2C12 through SKN-1/Nrf2 activation.

Sarcopenia, a condition characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function with aging, is linked to various health issues including diabetes and increased risk of falls and fractures. Currently, there is no FDA-approved treatment exists for sarcopenia. Citrinin, a natural compound present in daily dietary sources such as grains, has not been well characterized for its biological effects on muscle aging.

Spatial Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Factors Involved in Actinic Cheilosis Transformation to Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip.

Lip squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) often arise from actinic cheilitis. However, the factors driving oncogenic transformation and determinants of lip SCC differentiation are unclear. This study investigated the differences between lip SCC and premalignant actinic cheilitis and factors related to tumor differentiation.

Primary Cutaneous CD30+ Lymphoproliferative Disorders in South Korea: A Nationwide, Multi-Center, Retrospective, Clinical, and Prognostic Study.

Background: Primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (pcCD30-LPDs) are a diseases with various clinical and prognostic characteristics.

Objective: Increasing our knowledge of the clinical characteristics of pcCD30-LPDs and identifying potential prognostic variables in an Asian population.

Methods: Clinicopathological features and survival data of pcCD30-LPD cases obtained from 22 hospitals in South Korea were examined.

Spatial transcriptomics of progression gene signature and tumor microenvironment leading to progression in mycosis fungoides.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is characterized by stepwise evolution from patch to plaque and sometimes to tumor. Identifying patients with early-stage MF who could progress to an advanced stage is challenging. This study investigated changes in transcriptomic expression and the tumor microenvironment associated with MF progression.

Establishing essential clinical data elements for efficient epilepsy care in time-limited settings.

Purpose: We aimed to develop a core set of common data elements (CDEs) for routine epilepsy care to enhance consistency and efficiency within time-limited clinical environments.

Methods: We employed a modified Delphi method involving epileptologists from university-affiliated hospitals. Participants rated the feasibility and importance of proposed CDEs over three survey rounds.

Domain-specific longitudinal associations between brain volume, white matter lesions, and cognitive function changes.

Objectives: We investigated the domain-specific patterns of the association of segmental brain volume and white matter signal abnormality (WMSA) volume with longitudinal changes in cognitive function.

Methods: Participants from an institutional health check-up program who were aged >50 years, did not have a confirmed central nervous system disorder and underwent baseline and follow-up evaluations for cognitive function and brain MRI with an interval of at least 1 year were included. Cognitive function was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease-Korean version (CERAD-K) assessment battery.

Mutant KRAS and GATA6 Stratify Survival in Patients Treated with Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Several pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) biomarkers beyond the traditional carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 have been identified but are lacking large-scale prospective validation. This prospective cohort study evaluated the prognostic impact of potential PA biomarkers.

Methods: We enrolled 238 of 288 patients with histologically proven PA.

Risk of second primary malignancies among survivors of cutaneous melanoma: A nationwide population-based study in the Republic of Korea.

There is limited data on the risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs) in Asian melanoma survivors. This study aimed to identify the risk of SPMs in Asian melanoma survivors. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for overall and specific SPMs.

Multi-omic insights into molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7.

Recent advances in molecular science have significantly enlightened our mechanistic understanding of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7. To further close remaining gaps, we performed a multi-omics analysis using SCA7 mice. Entire brain tissue samples were collected from 12-week-old mice, and RNA sequencing, methylation analysis, and proteomic analysis were performed.

A novel machine learning model for screening the risk of obstructive sleep apnea using craniofacial photography with questionnaires.

Study Objectives: Undiagnosed or untreated moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases cardiovascular risks and mortality. Early and efficient detection is critical, given its high prevalence. We aimed to develop a practical and efficient approach for OSA screening, using simple facial photography and sleep questionnaires.

Role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway during capacitation.

Spermatozoa must undergo a complex maturation process within the female genital tract known as capacitation. This process entails the phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of various proteins, and multiple signaling pathways are recognized to play a role. The present study aims to identify alterations in the expression of proteins related to the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway and assess sperm functions during capacitation.