Timing for the Resumption of Anticoagulants after Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Objective: To identify the ideal timing for resuming oral or injectable anticoagulants therapy after spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (sICH).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 90 patients from a tertiary hospital in Korea, between June 2000 and May 2022, who had experienced sICH while receiving anticoagulant therapy and who resumed treatment within six months. Exclusions were made for trauma-induced hemorrhages and early post-ictus fatalities.

Rescue Needle Knife Papillotomy Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Cannulation: Success and Complications in a Retrospective Comparative Study With Procedure Time-Matched Controls.

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a crucial endoscopic procedure for pancreato-biliary diseases for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Although commonly performed, difficult biliary cannulation (DBC) cases remain challenging when using conventional technology alone.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of rescue needle knife papillotomy (RNKP) compared to sphincterotomy only (SPTO) in DBC.

Glycemic Benefit of Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart Compared to Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Impaired Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Response: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: We aimed to confirm that once-daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) is superior to basal insulin therapy in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibiting signs of overbasalization. Additionally, we analyzed incretin profiles in relation to the benefits of IDegAsp, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in participants receiving basal insulin therapy, with a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level lower than predicted from their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Comparison of Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to outperform computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although inconsistencies exist across studies. We compared the performance of CT and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in diagnosing HCC according to various guidelines, and to assess the incremental value of a second-line examination.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included patients at risk of developing HCC with focal liver lesions (FLLs) ≥10 mm.

Breast Cancer Detection with Standalone AI versus Radiologist Interpretation of Unilateral Surveillance Mammography after Mastectomy.

Background Limited data are available regarding the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms trained on bilateral mammograms for second breast cancer surveillance in patients with a personal history of breast cancer treated with unilateral mastectomy. Purpose To compare the performance of standalone AI for second breast cancer surveillance on unilateral mammograms with that of radiologists reading mammograms without AI assistance. Materials and Methods In this retrospective institutional database study, patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2001 and December 2018 and underwent postmastectomy surveillance mammography from January 2011 to March 2023 were included.

Application of a Commercial Artificial Intelligence Software in Unilateral Mammography: Simulating Total Mastectomy Scenarios.

This study was to evaluate the performance of commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) software in unilateral mammograms simulating postmastectomy surveillance compared with AI software used in bilateral mammograms from the same women serving as controls. A retrospective database search identified consecutive women who underwent breast cancer surgery between January 2021 and December 2021. AI software was applied to the mammogram immediately preceding breast cancer diagnosis in two modes: bilateral (the standard bilateral mammography dataset) and unilateral analyses (each breast's craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views), and their outputs were reviewed.

Radioembolization as a Spearhead Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Localized Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis (RESOLVE): Protocol for an Open-label, Multi-center, Single-arm Trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical course following ablative radioembolization with glass microspheres for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with localized portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) in patients with well-preserved liver function.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective, open-label, multi-center, single-arm, phase II trial. Key inclusion criteria are unilobar HCC, PVTT confined to the ipsilateral lobe (Vp1-3), no extrahepatic spread, Child-Pugh class A, and a performance status of ≤ 1.

Optimizing prone CT use for suspected interstitial lung abnormalities.

Objectives: We investigated whether supine chest CT alone suffices for diagnosing ILAs, thereby reducing the need for prone chest CT.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent prone chest CT for suspected ILAs from January 2021 to July 2023, with matching supine CT within 1 year, were retrospectively evaluated. Five multinational thoracic radiologists independently rated ILA suspicion and fibrosis scores (1 to 5-point) and ILA extent (1-100%) using supine CT first, then combined supine-prone CT after a 1-month washout.

Impact of perioperative high-intensity statin treatment on the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting: a meta-analysis.

Background: This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of high-intensity statin treatment on new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: Four databases were searched for studies that enrolled patients who underwent CABG and investigated the impact of perioperative use of high-intensity statins on the occurrence rate of POAF. The primary outcome was the incidence of POAF.

Variability in Breast Density Estimation and Its Impact on Breast Cancer Risk Assessment.

Breast density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer, although variability exists in measurements. This study sought to evaluate the agreement between radiologists and automated breast density assessment software and assess the impact of breast density measures on breast cancer risk estimates using the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) model (v.2).

Evaluation of the suitability of using ArtiSential in various renal surgery: IDEAL stage 1 study.

Background: ArtiSential, a new articulating laparoscopic instruments, addresses the limited movement associated with conventional laparoscopic instruments. This study was conducted to assess the clinical effectiveness of ArtiSential in detailed steps of various renal surgery.

Methods: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of our institution and registered on the Clinical Research Information Service site of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.

Screening Outcomes of Mammography with AI in Dense Breasts: A Comparative Study with Supplemental Screening US.

Background Comparative performance between artificial intelligence (AI) and breast US for women with dense breasts undergoing screening mammography remains unclear. Purpose To compare the performance of mammography alone, mammography with AI, and mammography plus supplemental US for screening women with dense breasts, and to investigate the characteristics of the detected cancers. Materials and Methods A retrospective database search identified consecutive asymptomatic women (≥40 years of age) with dense breasts who underwent mammography plus supplemental whole-breast handheld US from January 2017 to December 2018 at a primary health care center.

Association Between Hypotension During Pancreatectomy and Development of Postoperative Diabetes.

Context: With advancements in long-term survival after pancreatectomy, postpancreatectomy diabetes has become a concern, and the risk factors are not yet established. Pancreatic islets are susceptible to ischemic damage, though there is a lack of clinical evidence regarding glycemic deterioration.

Objective: To investigate association between hypotension during pancreatectomy and development of postpancreatectomy diabetes.

Measurement Variability of Same-Day CT Quantification of Interstitial Lung Disease: A Multicenter Prospective Study.

Purpose To investigate quantitative CT (QCT) measurement variability in interstitial lung disease (ILD) on the basis of two same-day CT scans. Materials and Methods Participants with ILD were enrolled in this multicenter prospective study between March and October 2022. Participants underwent two same-day CT scans at an interval of a few minutes.

Prognostic factors of first-onset optic neuritis based on diagnostic criteria and antibody status: a multicentre analysis of 427 eyes.

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) prognosis is influenced by various factors including attack severity, underlying aetiologies, treatments and consequences of previous episodes. This study, conducted on a large cohort of first ON episodes, aimed to identify unique prognostic factors for each ON subtype, while excluding any potential influence from pre-existing sequelae.

Methods: Patients experiencing their first ON episodes, with complete aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody testing, and clinical data for applying multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic criteria, were enrolled.

Artificial Intelligence for Breast Cancer Detection on Mammography: Factors Related to Cancer Detection.

Rationale And Objectives: Little is known about the factors affecting the Artificial Intelligence (AI) software performance on mammography for breast cancer detection. This study was to identify factors associated with abnormality scores assigned by the AI software.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective database search was conducted to identify consecutive asymptomatic women who underwent breast cancer surgery between April 2016 and December 2019.

Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Idarubicin Versus Doxorubicin Chemoemulsion in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (IDADOX): Protocol for a Randomized, Non-inferiority, Double-Blind Trial.

Purpose: This study aims to test the hypothesis that idarubicin-based transarterial chemoembolization (IDA-TACE), using one of the most potent chemotherapeutic agents, could yield oncologic outcomes equivalent to or marginally improved over doxorubicin-based TACE (DOX-TACE).

Materials And Methods: This single-center, prospective, phase II, randomized controlled, non-inferiority, double-blind trial will enroll 128 treatment-naïve patients with HCC (≤ 5 tumors, 1-5 cm in diameter) for conventional TACE. Participants will be randomly assigned (1:1) to either IDA-TACE or DOX-TACE, with stratification by Child-Pugh class.

The Performance of a Deep Learning-Based Automatic Measurement Model for Measuring the Cardiothoracic Ratio on Chest Radiographs.

Objective: Prior studies on models based on deep learning (DL) and measuring the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) on chest radiographs have lacked rigorous agreement analyses with radiologists or reader tests. We validated the performance of a commercially available DL-based CTR measurement model with various thoracic pathologies, and performed agreement analyses with thoracic radiologists and reader tests using a probabilistic-based reference.

Materials And Methods: This study included 160 posteroanterior view chest radiographs (no lung or pleural abnormalities, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, consolidation, and = 40 in each category) to externally test a DL-based CTR measurement model.

Early rituximab treatment reduces long-term disability in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) causes relapsing inflammatory attacks in the central nervous system, leading to disability. As rituximab, a B-lymphocyte-depleting monoclonal antibody, is an effective in preventing NMOSD relapses, we hypothesised that earlier initiation of rituximab can also reduce long-term disability of patients with NMOSD.

Methods: This multicentre retrospective study involving 19 South Korean referral centres included patients with NMOSD with aquaporin-4 antibodies receiving rituximab treatment.

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Plus Ultrasound Versus Digital Mammography Plus Ultrasound for Screening Breast Cancer in Women With Dense Breasts.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening combined with ultrasound (US) with those of digital mammography (DM) combined with US in women with dense breasts.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective database search identified consecutive asymptomatic women with dense breasts who underwent breast cancer screening with DBT or DM and whole-breast US simultaneously between June 2016 and July 2019. Women who underwent DBT + US (DBT cohort) and DM + US (DM cohort) were matched using 1:2 ratio according to mammographic density, age, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy, and a family history of breast cancer.

Personalized Antiviral Drug Selection in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Using a Machine Learning Model: A Multinational Study.

Introduction: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is reportedly superior or at least comparable to entecavir (ETV) for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B; however, it has distinct long-term renal and bone toxicities. This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning model (designated as Prediction of Liver cancer using Artificial intelligence-driven model for Network-antiviral Selection for hepatitis B [PLAN-S]) to predict an individualized risk of HCC during ETV or TDF therapy.

Methods: This multinational study included 13,970 patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Laparoscopic renal surgery using multi degree-of-freedom articulating laparoscopic instruments in a porcine model.

Purpose: We evaluated the performance of a new multi-degree-of-freedom articulating laparoscopic instrument, ArtiSential, and compared it with that of a straight-shaped instrument and the da Vinci surgical system, in renal surgery using porcine model.

Materials And Methods: Nine female Yorkshire pigs were equally divided into three groups. The three groups were compared at each surgical step in terms of objective and subjective parameters.

Use of Artificial Intelligence for Reducing Unnecessary Recalls at Screening Mammography: A Simulation Study.

Objective: To conduct a simulation study to determine whether artificial intelligence (AI)-aided mammography reading can reduce unnecessary recalls while maintaining cancer detection ability in women recalled after mammography screening.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective reader study was performed by screening mammographies of 793 women (mean age ± standard deviation, 50 ± 9 years) recalled to obtain supplemental mammographic views regarding screening mammography-detected abnormalities between January 2016 and December 2019 at two screening centers. Initial screening mammography examinations were interpreted by three dedicated breast radiologists sequentially, case by case, with and without AI aid, in a single session.