Cumulative abdominal obesity exposure and progressive risk of endometrial cancer in young women: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: The incidence of endometrial cancer has been rising sharply among younger generations, paralleling the growing obesity epidemic in this age group. Abdominal obesity is currently being investigated as an indicator of adiposity and cancer risk, and its prevalence is increasing in young women. This study aimed to examine whether cumulative abdominal obesity exposure in young women was associated with the development of endometrial cancer.

DHRS13 suppresses differentiation and mitophagy in glioma via retinoic acid and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.

To elucidate the complex interplay of undifferentiated cancer cells in malignancy, we focus on the crucial mechanisms that maintain the undifferentiated state of cancer stem-like cells, which drive tumor growth and therapy resistance. Here, we identify a protein called dehydrogenase/reductase 13 (DHRS13) that is abundant in undifferentiated glioblastoma cells. DHRS13 is primarily located in the mitochondria and functions as a retinaldehyde reductase, converting all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinol with high affinity for NADPH.

Effects of coagulopathy and its correction on time to source control and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis.

Objectives: Radiological intervention is often required for infection source control in sepsis, and correcting coagulopathy prior to procedures with bleeding risk is recommended. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of correcting coagulopathy on time to intervention and on 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis undergoing abdominal radiological interventions.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized prospectively collected sepsis registry from the emergency department of a tertiary hospital.

Clinical Characteristics and Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Peoples With Long-Standing Diabetes.

Background: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a frequently underdiagnosed complication of diabetes mellitus that contributes to increased mortality and morbidity rates. This multicenter study investigated the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of CAN in patients with long-term diabetes.

Methods: Retrospective data were collected from 884 individuals with diabetes who were assessed for CAN across eight hospitals in Korea.

Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Infection Status and Clarithromycin-resistant Strains in Patients With Gastric Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Single-center Korean Study.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a well-known risk factor for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. However, the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant (CLR) HP strains in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma compared with the general population is largely unknown.

Materials And Methods: HP test was performed on samples from 4686 patients who underwent gastric biopsy, including 89 patients who were diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma.

Unveiling hidden wavepacket dynamics in time-resolved x-ray scattering data via singular spectrum analysis.

Time-resolved x-ray liquidography (TRXL) is a powerful technique for directly tracking ultrafast structural dynamics in real space. However, resolving the motion of vibrational wavepackets generated by femtosecond laser pulses remains challenging due to the limited temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of experimental data. This study addresses these challenges by introducing singular spectrum analysis (SSA) as an efficient method for extracting oscillatory signals associated with vibrational wavepackets from TRXL data.

Validation of Lyon 2.0 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Consensus: Limited Clinical Utility of Mean Nocturnal Basal Impedance in Koreans.

Background/aims: The Lyon Consensus 2.0 (Lyon 2.0) revised gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) definitions, incorporating Los Angeles (LA) grade B as diagnostic and mean nocturnal basal impedance (MNBI) as supplementary evidence.

Development of a multi-functional chamber for resonant X-ray scattering experiments in the tender X-ray regime at the PAL-XFEL.

The hard X-ray undulator line at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) provides a wide range of photon energies encompassing both the tender (2-5 keV) and hard (5-15 keV) X-ray regimes. Its Femtosecond X-ray Scattering (FXS) endstation is dedicated to research in condensed matter physics and materials science, and supports various time-resolved X-ray experiments, such as diffraction, spectroscopy and resonant X-ray scattering. We report the development of a multi-functional chamber at the FXS endstation to support the experiments in the tender X-ray regime where significant air scattering and absorption pose challenges.

Intravital imaging of peritubular microcirculation impairment in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.

Despite the accumulation of cisplatin in proximal tubules, direct visualization of the surrounding peritubular microcirculation, including its change in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), is lacking. Here, using fluorescence and cellular angiography through video-rate high-resolution intravital microscopy, progressive disturbance of peritubular microcirculation in cisplatin-induced AKI in mice was demonstrated. Fluorescence angiography revealed increasing perfusion defects, with a stepwise rise in time to peak (TTP), originating from capillaries surrounding S1 segments.

Claudin 18.2 expression profile in primary tumors and their ovarian metastases: implications for targeted therapy.

Background: Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), a tight junction protein predominantly expressed in the normal gastric epithelium, has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target in various solid tumors.

The Impact of Fermented Dairy Products and Probiotics on Bone Health Improvement.

The bone is an important body organ due to its role in locomotion, protection and mineral homeostasis. Bone health is affected by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors like genetics, diet, environment and immune status of an individual. Being a dynamic organ, bones are continuously being remodeled and the remodeling is mediated by an intricate balance of bone formation and resorption which, in turn, are regulated by environmental, genetic, hormonal and neural factors.

Size-Dependent Ultrafast UV Photochemistry of Aliphatic Disulfides in Solution.

We have investigated the photochemistry of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in solution upon ultraviolet (UV) excitation in comparison to L-cystine by femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge. For these aliphatic disulfides, the very similar differential absorption spectra reveal unequivocally a pair of geminate thiyl radicals as the single primary reaction product with a formation time constant of about 100 fs. We find size-dependent majority yields for disulfide recombination with DMDS reforming ten-fold slower and at lower quantum yield than L-cystine while GSSG recombines even faster than L-cystine at a yield of nearly 80 % within 2 ps after excitation.

Ultrafast structural dynamics of carbon-carbon single-bond rotation in transient radical species at non-equilibrium.

Bond rotation is an important phenomenon governing the fate of reactions. In particular, heterogeneously substituted ethane derivatives provide distinct structural conformations around the bond, empowering them as ideal systems for studying the rotation along carbon-containing single bonds. However, structural dynamics of ultrafast single-bond rotation, especially along C-C• bonds, have remained elusive as tracking the detailed changes in structural parameters during the rotational isomerization is challenging with conventional spectroscopic tools.

Impact of cumulative exposure to a high TG to HDL-C ratio on type 2 diabetes risk in young adults.

Background: Increases in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) pose significant challenges to its prediction and prevention.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether cumulative exposure to a high triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio is associated with increased T2D risk in young adults.

Methods: We collected South Korean National Health Insurance Service data between 2009 and 2012 from 1,840,251 young adults without T2D aged 20 to 39 years who underwent 4 consecutive annual health checkups.

Urinary biomarkers for diagnosing acute kidney injury in sepsis in the emergency department.

Background: Development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with sepsis is associated with increased mortality, highlighting the importance of early detection and management. However, baseline creatinine or urine output measurements are required for AKI diagnosis, which can be challenging in emergency departments (EDs). We aimed to evaluate the association between urinary biomarkers and the AKI diagnosis or 30-day survival status in patients with sepsis in the ED.

Depression like-behavior and memory loss induced by methylglyoxal is associated with tryptophan depletion and oxidative stress: a new in vivo model of neurodegeneration.

Background: Depression and memory loss are prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, with diabetic patients facing an elevated risk of brain dysfunction. Methylglyoxal (MGO) formation, which is heightened in diabetes owing to hyperglycemia and gut dysbiosis, may serve as a critical link between diabetes and brain diseases. Despite the high prevalence of MGO, the precise mechanisms underlying MGO-induced depression and memory loss remain unclear.

Hard X-ray single-shot spectrometer of PAL-XFEL.

A transmissive single-shot spectrometer has been developed to monitor shot-to-shot spectral structures in the hard X-ray beamline of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL). The established spectrometer comprises 10 µm-thick Si crystals bent to a radius of curvature of 100 mm. Depending on the photon energy range, either the Si (111) or Si (110) crystal can be selected for spectral analysis.

The carbon-iodine bond cleavage and isomerization of iodoform visualized with femtosecond X-ray liquidography.

Iodoform (CHI) has garnered significant attention for its unique ability to induce photo-cyclopropanation of olefins by releasing an iodine radical through C-I bond cleavage. However, the detailed mechanism underlying CHI photodissociation is still not fully understood. Here, we elucidate the ultrafast structural dynamics of CHI upon photoexcitation using femtosecond time-resolved X-ray liquidography (fs-TRXL) at an X-ray free-electron laser facility.

UV photochemistry of the L-cystine disulfide bridge in aqueous solution investigated by femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

The photolysis of disulfide bonds is implicated in denaturation of proteins exposed to ultraviolet light. Despite this biological relevance in stabilizing the structure of many proteins, the mechanisms of disulfide photolysis are still contested after decades of research. Herein, we report new insight into the photochemistry of L-cystine in aqueous solution by femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge.

Cancer Risks of Patients with Graves' Disease Who Received Antithyroid Drugs as Initial Treatment: A Nationwide Population-Based Analysis.

Population-based studies that examine the associations between hyperthyroidism and cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results. It remains unclear whether the risks of different cancers increase in patients with Graves' disease (GD) who received antithyroid drugs (ATDs) as initial treatment. We aimed to determine whether cancer risk increases in patients with GD, compared with controls.

Temperature trajectories and mortality in hypothermic sepsis patients.

Objectives: Hypothermia is associated with poor outcomes in sepsis patients, and hypothermic sepsis patients exhibit temperature alterations during initial treatment. The objective of this study was to classify hypothermic sepsis patients based on body temperature trajectories and investigate the associations of these patients with 28-day mortality.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from adult sepsis or septic shock patients who visited three emergency departments between August 2014 and December 2019.

Clinical and pathophysiologic determinants of catheter ablation outcome in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is frequently associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). We compared clinical, echocardiographic, and electrophysiological parameters between HCM subtypes and those without HCM at AF catheter ablation (AFCA) and analyzed post-AFCA reverse remodeling and AF recurrence based on HCM presence and subtype.

Methods: Among 5161 consecutive patients who underwent de novo AFCA, we included HCM patients and control patients who were age-, gender-, and AF type-matched.

Unveiling a common phase transition pathway of high-density amorphous ices through time-resolved x-ray scattering.

Here, we investigate the hypothesis that despite the existence of at least two high-density amorphous ices, only one high-density liquid state exists in water. We prepared a very-high-density amorphous ice (VHDA) sample and rapidly increased its temperature to around 205 ± 10 K using laser-induced isochoric heating. This temperature falls within the so-called "no-man's land" well above the glass-liquid transition, wherein the IR laser pulse creates a metastable liquid state.