NOD2 Promotes Glioblastoma Progression Through Effects on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stemness.

: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most aggressive and lethal primary brain malignancies, characterized by rapid proliferation, extensive invasiveness, and a dismal prognosis. Emerging evidence implicates nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (), an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, as a potential driver of GBM progression. This study investigates NOD2's role in promoting glioblastoma through its effects on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers.

Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Infection Status and Clarithromycin-resistant Strains in Patients With Gastric Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Single-center Korean Study.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a well-known risk factor for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. However, the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant (CLR) HP strains in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma compared with the general population is largely unknown.

Materials And Methods: HP test was performed on samples from 4686 patients who underwent gastric biopsy, including 89 patients who were diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma.

Challenging diagnosis and treatment of rare paranasal sinus metastasis from thyroid cancer: a case report and literature review.

Background: Metastasis of thyroid carcinoma to the paranasal sinuses is extremely rare. Herein, a case of clinically occult thyroid cancer arising from a long-standing thyroid nodule that metastasized to the sphenoid sinus is presented, accompanied by a literature review.

Case Presentation: A 48-year-old woman visited to the otorhinolaryngology department with visual disturbance and partial nasal obstruction.

Claudin 18.2 expression profile in primary tumors and their ovarian metastases: implications for targeted therapy.

Background: Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), a tight junction protein predominantly expressed in the normal gastric epithelium, has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target in various solid tumors.

Tumor Immune Microenvironment Biomarkers for Recurrence Prediction in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy.

Background/objectives: The tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a significant prognostic factor. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors by combining clinicopathologic parameters and the TME biomarkers in patients who underwent surgery following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Methods: CD8 T cells, CXCR3, CXCL10, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were analyzed via immunohistochemical staining.

Mutations in Urothelial Carcinoma: A Single-Center Study Using Next-Generation Sequencing.

Mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 () are associated with urothelial carcinoma (UC) oncogenesis and are considered an important therapeutic target. Therefore, we evaluated the mutation rate and its clinical significance in urothelial carcinoma (UC) using next-generation sequencing. A total of 123 patients with UC who were treated at Chonnam National University Hospital (Gwang-ju, Korea) from January 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled.

Gastric-type adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix presenting in urine cytology specimens: A case report and literature review.

Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GEA) is a rare type adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix that is unrelated to human papillomavirus (HPV). GEA is difficult to diagnose due to its bland-looking morphological characteristics and is therefore often underdiagnosed. Although abnormal cells may be seen on cervical cytology specimens, they are rarely diagnosed as malignant and are often classified as atypical glandular cells.

Somatic Mutation of the Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Associated with Early Recurrence.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widely used in muscle-invasive bladder cancer but has limited use in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) due to significant heterogeneity and high cancer-specific survival. Therefore, we evaluated the genomic information of NMIBC and identified molecular alterations associated with tumour recurrence. A total of 43 patients with NMIBC who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder were enrolled.

Usefulness of the human papillomavirus DNA chip test as a complementary method for cervical cytology.

Objectives: As a convenient and economical method of screening cervical cancer and precancerous pathologies, the Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear) has been most widely used. Nevertheless, it requires cytological changes for making diagnoses and reportedly has a high false-negative rate. In this study, the usefulness of the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA chip test as a complementary method that can compensate for the defect of the Pap smear was investigated.

Serial 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT After Treatment of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Pancreatitis and Retroperitoneal Fibrosis.

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a fibroinflammatory condition involving diverse organs. We report a case of IgG4-related pancreatitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis with serial 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT scans after treatment. A 64-year-old man presented with left flank and epigastric pain.

Orthotopic Mouse Models of Urinary Bladder Cancer.

Background/aim: Urinary bladder cancer has various etiologies and tends to recur and then progress to a higher grade. When muscles are invaded, the response to conventional therapy is poor and the quality of life deteriorates rapidly. Here, we summarize and compare two representative methods used to create the syngeneic mouse models required for immunological research.

Differences in gross appearance and histopathology of the outer membrane of the subdural hematoma envelope over time: A respective case series and literature review.

Rationale: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common disorder among elderly males. The most common theory of its cause is a minor brain injury resulting in the rupture of a bridging vein. The outer membrane of subdural hematoma (SDH) evolves like cutaneous wound healing with different phases.

CAIX Immunostaining in Non-neoplastic Renal Diseases.

Background/aim: Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX) is a transmembrane metalloenzyme that regulates cellular adhesion, proliferation, and intra/extracellular pH. It is expressed primarily through a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)-dependent mechanism. Its over-expression is closely related to somatic mutations in the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene.

Primary duodenal dedifferentiated liposarcoma: A case report and literature review.

Background: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is an extremely rare neoplasm that exhibits various morphologies. The tumor is characterized by immunoreactivity to MDM2 and CDK4 and can be confirmed by detecting amplification fluorescence hybridization (FISH). Herein, we report an unusual case of DDLPS arising from the duodenum.

The Impact of Modifying Sunitinib Treatment Scheduling on Renal Cancer Tumor Biology and Resistance.

With sunitinib treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, most patients end up developing resistance over time. Recent clinical trials have shown that individualizing treatment protocols could delay resistance and result in better outcomes. We developed an in vivo xenograft tumor model and compared tumor growth rate, morphological, and transcriptomic differences between alternative and traditional treatment schedules.

ABCC2 expression in papillary renal cell carcinoma provides better prognostic stratification than WHO/ISUP nucleolar grade.

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) classification has traditionally been divided into two histologic types, type 1 and type 2. A new biological stratification system has recently been proposed based on comprehensive morphologic and genomic analysis. The predominant molecular marker in this 4-tiered stratification is the renal drug transporter ABCC2.

Evolution of the Tumor Microenvironment toward Immune-Suppressive Seclusion during Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Implications for Targeted Therapy.

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common solid malignant tumor that metastasizes to the brain. Despite emerging therapies such as immunotherapy, whether the tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) has potential as a target of new treatments is unclear. Expression profiling of 770 genes in 12 pairs of primary BC and matched brain metastasis (BM) samples was performed using the NanoString nCounter PanCancer IO360 Panel.

A challenging TSH/GH co-secreting pituitary adenoma with concomitant thyroid cancer; a case report and literature review.

Background: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) secreting pituitary adenoma (TSHoma) with coexisting thyroid cancer is extremely rare, and proper treatment of both diseases may pose a unique clinical challenge. When TSHoma has plurihormonality, particularly involving the co-secretion of growth hormone (GH), management can be more complicated. Herein, we present a difficult-to-manage case of papillary thyroid cancer with an incurable TSH/GH-secreting pituitary adenoma.

An anastomosing hemangioma mimicking a renal cell carcinoma in a kidney transplant recipient: a case report.

Background: Although anastomosing hemangiomas are very rare and benign vascular neoplasms, these tumors are more common among patients with end-stage kidney disease. Incidental finding of these tumors in the kidney or adrenal gland has been reported. Herein, we describe a case in which an anastomosing hemangioma was misdiagnosed as a renal cell carcinoma before kidney transplant.