Next-Generation Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy: AI and Chemometrics in Assessing Authenticity, Nutrition, and Hazard Factors in Cereals.

Cereal quality significantly influences human health, requiring thorough evaluation of authenticity, nutritional composition, and food safety hazards. Conventional detection methods are often characterized by limitations, including time-consuming intricacy, complexity, and limited sensitivity. Recently, optical imaging and spectroscopy have emerged as rapid, nondestructive, and high-throughput alternatives for assessing cereal quality.

Non-destructive prediction of the moisture content of individual wheat kernels combining hyperspectral imaging and WGAN data augmentation algorithm.

Moisture content is a crucial factor that significantly impacts grain quality and safety. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and Wasserstein generative adversarial networks (WGAN) were employed to predict the moisture content of individual wheat kernels. To address the varying data sizes in the visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR), WGAN was designed with two separate network architectures for augmenting spectral and moisture content data.

Multi-Plug Filtration Purification Combined With Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of 107 Pesticides in Livestock and Poultry Meat.

Rationale: With the global rise in foodborne diseases, excessive pesticide residues in livestock and poultry meat have emerged as a critical food safety issue. China is a large consumer of livestock and poultry meat, and the traditional national method standard can only detect a few or one type of pesticide in these meats. Establishing a method for the simultaneous detection of multiple types of pesticides in these meats can effectively protect people's health and safety.

Elevated COMMD1 Contributes to Cardiomyocyte Copper Efflux in Chronic Myocardial Ischemia: Insights From Rhesus Monkey.

Copper deficiency, commonly observed in myocardial infarction, leads to cardiomyocyte loss and cardiac dysfunction, yet the mechanism driving copper efflux remains unclear. To further elucidate the relationship between copper transporters and cardiac copper efflux during chronic myocardial ischemia, a rhesus monkey model was established by performing the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A dramatic decrease in copper concentration within ischemic cardiomyocytes was observed alongside declining cardiac function.

Discrimination of unsound soybeans using hyperspectral imaging: A deep learning method based on dual-channel feature fusion strategy and attention mechanism.

The application of high-level data fusion in the detection of agricultural products still presents a significant challenge. In this study, dual-channel feature fusion model (DCFFM) with attention mechanism was proposed to optimize the utilization of both one-dimensional spectral data and two-dimensional image data in the hyperspectral images for achieving high-level data fusion. A comparative analysis of support vector machine (SVM), convolutional neural network (CNN) with DCFFM, demonstrated that DCFFM exhibited superior results, achieving the accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score of 95.

The herbicidal activity and mechanism of Talaromyces purpureogenus CY-1 metabolites.

Background: Studies have shown that Talaromyces can produce a large number of secondary metabolites in its metabolic process, many of which have good insecticidal, antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral and other biological activities. In order to explore the herbicidal activity and mechanism of Talaromyces purpureogenus CY-1, we determined the inhibitory effect of the fermentation broth of the CY-1 strain on weeds, identified the major active components, and further investigated the herbicidal mechanism.

Result: The results showed that CY-1, with IC50 values of 5.

Introducing high-performance star-shaped bimetallic nanotags into SERS aptasensor: An ultrasensitive and interference-free method for chlorpyrifos detection.

Implementation of cost-effective, reliable, and efficient technologies for the sensitive, rapid, and accurate detection of pesticide residues in agriproducts presents a promising solution to the escalating food safety concerns. Herein, a high-performance surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) aptasensor based on nanotag (AuNS@4-MBN@Ag-aptamer) was introduced for ultrasensitive, reliable, and interference-free detection of chlorpyrifos (CPF). This aptasensor featured star-shaped bimetallic nanotag as the principal Raman signal enhancement material and 4-mercaptobenzonitrile (4-MBN) as "biological-silent"-window reporter (at 2228 cm).

Optimization, validation, and application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 47 banned drug and related chemical residues in livestock urine using graphitized carboxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based QuEChERS extraction.

The establishment of an efficient method for the analysis of drug residues in animal urine facilitates the real-time monitoring of drugs used in the production of animal-derived food. A modified QuEChERS extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of 47 banned drug and related chemical residues in livestock urine. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile by converting the acid-base environment.

Cas12a-Based Allele-Specific PCR for Imaging Single-Nucleotide Variations in Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria.

profiling of single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) can elucidate drug-resistant genotypes with single-cell resolution. The capacity to directly "see" genetic information is crucial for investigating the relationship between mutated genes and phenotypes. Fluorescence hybridization serves as a canonical tool for genetic imaging; however, it cannot detect subtle sequence alteration including SNVs.

Establishment of a modified QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for multiple pesticide residues followed by determination of the residue levels and exposure assessment in livestock urine.

The establishment of an analytical method for pesticide residues in livestock urine can realize the real-time monitoring of pesticide pollution in livestock breeding. In this study, a novel method was developed for the determination of 106 pesticide residues in livestock urine based on a modified QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Acetonitrile was used to extract target analytes through acidic and alkaline switching of the sample environment.

Optimization of a QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method for 51 pesticide residues followed by determination of the residue levels and dietary intake risk assessment in foodstuffs.

A modified QuEChERS purification-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed to determine 51 pesticide residues with newly established maximum residue limits (MRLs) in foodstuffs. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile under citrate-buffered conditions and purified using a modified QuEChERS method employing hydroxylated MWCNTs, SAX, and C. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.

Combination of natural polyanions and polycations based on interfacial complexation for multi-functionalization of wound dressings.

Multi-functionalization of wound dressings with natural polymers is meaningful and remains a challenge. The combination of natural polyanions and polycations appears to be a promising strategy. Still, its performances based on current layer-by-layer self-assembly or homogeneous complexation are mutable and limited.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants over a CuO/g-CN p-n heterojunction under visible light irradiation.

As a kind of metal-free organic semiconductor photocatalyst, g-CN has been widely explored for use in photocatalysis. However, the low quantum yield, small absorption range, and poor conductivity limit its large-scale application. Introducing another kind of semiconductor, particularly an oxide semiconductor, can result in some unexpected properties, such as an improved change transfer, enhanced light absorption, and better conductivity.

Direct Detection of Foodborne Pathogens via a Proximal DNA Probe-Based CRISPR-Cas12 Assay.

Foodborne pathogens can cause illnesses. Existing tools for detecting foodborne pathogens are typically time-consuming or require complex protocols. Here, we report an assay to directly analyze pathogenic genes based on CRISPR-Cas12.

Simonkolleite Coating on Poly(Amino Acids) to Improve Osteogenesis and Suppress Osteoclast Formation in Vitro.

Zinc can enhance osteoblastic bone formation and stimulate osteogenic differentiation, suppress the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells into osteoclasts, and inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, simonkolleite, as a novel zinc resource, was coated on poly (amino acids) (PAA) via suspending PAA powder in different concentrations of zinc chloride (ZnCl) solution, and the simonkolleite-coated PAA (Zn-PAA) was characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR and XPS. Zinc ions were continuously released from the coating, and the release behavior was dependent on both the concentration of the ZnCl immersing solution and the type of soak solutions (SBF, PBS and DMEM).