Symptom network connectivity indices as predictors of relapse in major depressive disorder.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) demonstrates heterogeneous symptom profiles and a high relapse risk. Understanding how symptom interactions relate to relapse in MDD may enhance maintenance strategies. We thus investigated how connectivity in depressive symptom networks relates to relapse in MDD.

Reaction Time, Speech Recognition, and Verbal Memory Performance: Nonnative Versus Native English Speakers.

Purpose: Previous studies have debated differences in spoken language processing between nonnative and native English speakers, often yielding varying and sometimes contradictory results. To address these discrepancies, we employed a comprehensive battery of tasks to compare auditory, speech, and memory processing between nonnative and native English language speakers (NELS).

Method: The study included 70 university students aged 18-35 years, comprising 29 nonnative and 41 native monolingual NELS of both genders.

Distinct brain atrophy progression subtypes underlie phenoconversion in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder.

Background: Synucleinopathies include a spectrum of disorders varying in features and severity, including idiopathic/isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Distinct brain atrophy patterns may already be seen in iRBD; however, how brain atrophy begins and progresses remains unclear.

Methods: A multicentric cohort of 1276 participants (451 polysomnography-confirmed iRBD, 142 PD with probable RBD, 87 DLB, and 596 controls) underwent T1-weighted MRI and longitudinal clinical assessments.

Startling acoustic stimuli hasten reflexive choice reaching tasks by enhancing, but not changing the timing of, express visuomotor responses.

Responding to an external stimulus takes ∼200 ms, but this can be shortened to as little as ∼120 ms with the additional presentation of a startling acoustic stimulus. This phenomenon is hypothesized to arise from the involuntary release of a prepared movement (a StartReact effect). However, a startling acoustic stimulus also expedites rapid mid-flight, reactive adjustments to unpredictably displaced targets which could not have been prepared in advance.

A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial of Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Training Including Lower Extremity for Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy.

Objective: To test the efficacy of Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremity (HABIT-ILE) to improve gross motor function, manual ability, goal performance, walking endurance, mobility, and self-care for children with bilateral cerebral palsy.

Study Design: This prospective, waitlist randomized controlled trial included children with bilateral cerebral palsy, aged 6-to-16-years and classified Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II to IV. HABIT-ILE delivered for 2 weeks (65 hours) was compared with usual care.

Koopman-based linearization of preparatory EEG dynamics in Parkinson's disease during galvanic vestibular stimulation.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) impairs motor preparation due to basal ganglia dysfunction, contributing to motor deficits. Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, shows promise in enhancing motor function in PD, but its underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. This study employs a Deep Koopman model to linearize and analyze preparatory EEG dynamics in PD, hypothesizing that GVS restores cortical activity patterns critical for motor planning.

Neurocognitive Insights into Child Sexual Abuse Perpetrators: Understanding Cognitive and Emotional Profiles: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is one of the most sensitive crimes in the world. Some perpetrators of CSA suffer from paraphilic disorders, including pedophilia (PE). This research is designed and implemented with the aim of neurocognitive evaluation of CSA perpetrators.

Embodiment of structural racism and multiple sclerosis risk and outcomes in the USA.

Disparities in the incidence, prevalence and outcomes of multiple sclerosis (MS) exist in the USA, often to the detriment of Black and Hispanic people. Despite the common misconception that MS is a disease of white people, the incidence is highest in Black people. Disability accumulates faster and at younger ages in Black and Hispanic people with MS than in their white counterparts, and MS-related mortality in early and mid-adulthood is highest in Black people.

Effects of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment on age-related cognitive decline in C57 mice.

Aging is associated with cognitive decline, and currently, there are no approved medications that can prevent these impairments. Recently, cannabinoids derived from have emerged as promising therapeutic compounds with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-enhancing properties. Despite their benefits, further research is needed to fully understand their efficacy across various conditions.

From resting-state functional hippocampal centrality to functional outcome: An extended neurocognitive model of psychosis.

Background: We previously proposed a neurocognitive model of psychosis in which reduced morphometric hippocampal-cortical connectivity precedes impaired episodic memory, social cognition, negative symptoms, and functional outcome. We provided support for this model in a patient subtype, and aimed to extend these findings to resting-state functional MRI to potentially explain the progression for a broader range of patients.

Methods: We used a subsample of our previous analysis consisting of 54 patients with first-episode psychosis and 52 controls and applied the machine-learning algorithm Subtype and Stage Inference, which combines clustering and disease progression modeling, to the patient data for rs-functional hippocampal connectivity, episodic memory, social cognition, negative symptoms and functioning.

Open multi-center intracranial electroencephalography dataset with task probing conscious visual perception.

We introduce an intracranial EEG (iEEG) dataset collected as part of an adversarial collaboration between proponents of two theories of consciousness: Global Neuronal Workspace Theory and Integrated Information Theory. The data were recorded from 38 patients undergoing intracranial monitoring of epileptic seizures across three research centers using the same experimental protocol. Participants were presented with suprathreshold visual stimuli belonging to four different categories (faces, objects, letters, false fonts) in three orientations (front, left, right view), and for three durations (0.

Health care use preceding pediatric multiple sclerosis: A population-based study from Ontario, Canada.

Background: Investigations of a prodrome in multiple sclerosis (MS) usually have included adults.

Objective: To compare rates and reasons for health care use in youth with and without MS, considering time relative to the MS index date and to birth.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used population-based administrative data (1991-2020) from Ontario, Canada.

The Tailtag: A multi-mouse tracking system to measure social dynamics in complex environments.

Despite recent advances, tracking individual movements safely and reliably over extended periods, particularly within complex social groups, remains a challenge. Traditional methods like color coding, tagging, and RFID tracking, while effective, have notable practical limitations. State-of-the-art neural network-based trackers often struggle to maintain individual identities in large groups for more than a few seconds.

Oral Anticoagulation following intracranial haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Purpose: To review the current evidence on anticoagulation for intracranial haemorrhage (ICrH) survivors with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Method: Narrative review of the literature.

Findings: AF and ICrH are age-related conditions whose prevalence and comorbidity is expected to increase with the ageing population.

The clinical efficacy of psychological interventions for bipolar depression: a systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis.

Unlike conventional meta-analyses, individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis assesses moderator variables at the level of each participant, which generates more precise and biased estimates. The objective of this study was to investigate whether psychological therapy reduces depression symptoms in people with Bipolar I and II disorders and examine whether baseline depression has a moderating effect on treatment outcomes. Through the use of several electronic databases, a systematic search was conducted.

Hippocampal and amygdala subfield volumes in obsessive-compulsive disorder by medication status.

Background: Although it has been suggested that the hippocampus and amygdala (HA) are involved in the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), volumetric findings have been inconsistent, and little work has been undertaken on the volumetry of the heterogeneous anatomic units of HA, with their specific functions and cytoarchitecture, in OCD. We sought to explore potential sources of heterogeneity in brain volumes by performing a separate analysis for people with and without psychotropic medication use, as well as the association of subfield volumes with OCD symptom severity.

Methods: We segmented -weighted images from people with OCD and healthy controls in the OCD Brain Imaging Consortium to produce 12 hippocampal subfields and 9 amygdala subfields using Free-Surfer 6.

Atypical antipsychotics for autism spectrum disorder: a network meta-analysis.

Rationale: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit a wide variety of symptoms related to social interaction and behaviour. Atypical antipsychotics have been widely evaluated and prescribed to treat distressing symptoms (e.g.

Pharmacological treatment of anxiety in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Anxiety and its disorders are common in later life. Given the known risks of psychopharmacological treatments in older adults, clinical decision making for anxiety management should be guided by the strongest available evidence. This study aimed to comprehensively synthesise evidence on the pharmacological treatment of anxiety in older adults.

Systems consolidation reorganizes hippocampal engram circuitry.

Episodic memories-high-fidelity memories for events that depend initially on the hippocampus-do not maintain their precision in perpetuity. One benefit of this time-dependent loss of precision is the emergence of event-linked gist memories that may be used to guide future behaviour in new but related situations (that is, generalization). Models of systems consolidation propose that memory reorganization accompanies this loss of memory precision; however, the locus of this reorganization is unclear.

Developing brain asymmetry shapes cognitive and psychiatric outcomes in adolescence.

Cerebral asymmetry, fundamental to various cognitive functions, is often disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders. While brain growth has been extensively studied, the maturation of brain asymmetry in children and the factors influencing it in adolescence remain poorly understood. We analyze longitudinal data from 11,270 children aged 10-14 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Measuring motor awareness and metacognition at the start, middle, and end of a reaching movement.

The ability to monitor our arm position during goal-directed behaviour allows us to bring our limb to a target as accurately as possible. Despite our success in executing accurate movements, some work suggests that individuals have limited access to information about their limb position. However, other evidence from metacognition research indicates that people have some access to details about their movements.

Early adversity and the comorbidity between metabolic disease and psychopathology.

Although the co-existence of metabolic and psychiatric disorders in the same individual (comorbidity) is very prevalent, the mechanisms by which these disorders co-occur are poorly understood, but a history of early-life adversity is a common developmental risk factor. Exposure to adverse environments during critical periods of development (e.g.

The effect of psychedelic microdosing on animal behavior: A review with recommendations for the field.

Microdosing, the repeated use of psychedelic substances at low doses, is growing in popularity among recreational consumers. While this practice is associated with many benefits to mood, well-being and health, research in this area is in its early stages and predominantly centered on human applications. In this narrative review, we synthesize the findings from studies investigating the effects of microdosing on the behaviors of three animal species: rats, mice, and zebrafish.