Undiscounted costs and socially discounted benefits modulate cooperation in one-shot and iterated prisoner's dilemma games.

Cooperation involves an individual's choice that benefits both themself and others -in contrast to selfishness, which benefits the individual only-and has been suggested to be more likely when the benefit to others, discounted as a function of their social distance (i.e., social discounting), exceeds the undiscounted cost to the cooperator.

Naturalistic driving behavior among older adults with and without epilepsy: A pilot study.

Objectives: Insufficient data exist for driving risk for people with epilepsy (PWE). This longitudinal, retrospective case-control study examines the differences in driving behaviors among older adults with/without epilepsy history using a novel naturalistic driving datalogger.

Methodology: Eligible participants were cognitively normal ([CDR] = 0) or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ([CDR] = 0.

Co-occurrence of ipsilateral partial Horner's syndrome in a patient with monomelic amyotrophy.

Monomelic amyotrophy (MMA) is a lower motor neuron predominant disorder affecting an upper limb, which can mimic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It often presents with unilateral, distal upper limb weakness and atrophy, whose trajectory is one of an initial period of progression followed by a prolonged plateau, as opposed to the typically relentless progression as is seen in ALS. This case report describes a novel observation of a patient with MMA with an unexplained ipsilateral partial Horner's syndrome (miosis and ptosis).

Blue Light as an Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Strategy in Thoracic Trauma (BLAASTT): protocol for a randomised controlled trial in adult trauma inpatients with painful rib fractures.

Introduction: Blue light (peak wavelength 442 nm) has been shown to modulate the immune response in preclinical models of intra-abdominal sepsis and pneumonia. pathways involve optic nerve stimulation with transmission to the central nervous system, activation of parasympathetic pathways terminating at the spleen, and downstream immune effects including decreased inflammatory tissue damage and improved pathogen clearance. Related effects on pain mediators including proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6, TNF- α) and autonomic tone (increased parasympathetic outflow) suggest possible analgesic properties that would be highly relevant to a trauma population.

Cholinergic Dysfunction in Occupational Manganese Exposure.

Background And Objective: Excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) produces a clinical syndrome of parkinsonism and cognitive impairment. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between Mn exposure, cholinergic function, and cognitive impairment in exposed workers.

Efficient energy transfer in a hybrid organic-inorganic van der Waals heterostructure.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer strong light-matter interaction and design flexibility beyond bulk semiconductors, but an intrinsic limit is the low absorption imposed by the atomic thickness. A long-sought-after goal is to achieve complementary absorption enhancement through energy transfer (ET) to break this limit. However, it is found challenging due to the competing charge transfer (CT) process and lack of resonance in exciton states.

Robotic-Assisted Retroperitoneal Necrosectomy and Debridement (RAND): Improving Surgical Outcomes in Necrotizing Pancreatitis Using Innovative Approaches.

The care of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis is a complex problem for the general, acute care, minimally invasive, and hepatopancreatobiliary surgeon. In this brief report, we present a case series of 2 patients with fulminant retroperitoneal necrosis recently treated at our center using a novel robotic-assisted retroperitoneal necrosectomy and debridement (RAND) following failure of the step-up approach. This approach maximizes access to the retroperitoneum and allows improved visualization and dexterity in the challenging retroperitoneal space while maintaining minimally invasive surgical principles.

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: underlying mechanisms and emerging therapeutic targets.

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), more commonly known as Batten disease, are a group of fatal inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders. Each form is caused by mutations in a different gene, resulting in lysosomal dysfunction, which, by largely unknown mechanisms, has a devastating impact on the central nervous system. The NCLs are grouped together owing to their broadly shared clinical presentations and the presence of autofluorescent storage material.

Improve the stewardship of federal research funds.

Federal spending for scientific research in the United States is at a pivotal point of change. The funding system is now under close scrutiny by the Trump administration and Congress for the return it provides to taxpayers. Support from different federal agencies has already been diminished, and more change is coming.

DDR2 confers ferroptosis resistance to cancer-associated fibroblasts and attenuates PARPi sensitivity of ovarian tumor cells.

In ovarian cancer, resistance to conventional treatments has prompted the search for alternative targets and/or cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that could enhance tumor cell death. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, lipid peroxide-triggered form of cell death, is one such pathway. Cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key stromal cells in the ovarian TME that can impact therapeutic responses.

Investigating the role of the I-II linker in Nav1.5 channel function.

The cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, Nav1.5, initiates the cardiac action potential. Its dysfunction can lead to dangerous arrhythmias, sudden cardiac arrest, and death.

Trends in XTAMPZA ER and other oxycodone misuse and abuse during COVID-19: A mosaic approach.

Despite efforts to reduce abuse, opioids remain a societal concern. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought new challenges, and research is needed to understand its impact on opioid abuse in the population. Three data sources were used to investigate trends in misuse and abuse of XTAMPZA® ER compared to extended-release (ER) and single-entity immediate-release (SE-IR) oxycodone from 2019Q3 through 2022.

Human diseases caused by homozygous PTH1R mutations.

The parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 (PTH1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that mediates the actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the regulation of blood calcium levels, as well as PTH-related protein (PTHrP) in the regulation of skeletal development. Severe loss-of-function homozygous mutations in PTH1R are incompatible with life as in Blomstrand's lethal chondrodysplasia, characterized by accelerated growth plate ossification. More recently, homozygous mutations located in the transmembrane helices, extracellular domains and C-tail of the PTH1R were identified in patients with milder conditions characterized by variable degrees of skeletal and mineral abnormalities.

One pathogen does not an epidemic make: a review of interacting contagions, diseases, beliefs, and stories.

From pathogens and computer viruses to genes and memes, contagion models have found widespread utility across the natural and social sciences. Despite their success and breadth of adoption, the approach and structure of these models remain surprisingly siloed by field. Given the siloed nature of their development and widespread use, one persistent assumption is that a given contagion can be studied in isolation, independently from what else might be spreading in the population.

Neuropsychiatric Disorders Among Adult Emergency Department Patients With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Objective: This study aimed to compare rates of psychiatric and neurologic diagnoses on emergency department (ED) visit records of adults with versus without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs).

Methods: This cross-sectional study used the 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample of U.S.

Short-chain fatty acids production from hydrothermal conversion wastewater (HTCWW): focusing on microbial community analysis.

Hydrothermal conversion (HTC) is a widely recognized method to produce biofuel and hydro-char from biomass. This study investigated the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from HTC wastewater (HTCWW) through anaerobic fermentation (AF) and optimized the process conditions in both continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) and anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR). The highest SCFAs yield 0.

Exploring the barriers and facilitators to safer hair product purchasing and use among Black women in the greater Boston area through photovoice in the RESTYLE study.

Introduction: Racial/ethnic differences in personal care product (PCP) use, including hair products, are well-documented in the United States (US). Black women are more highly exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals in PCPs compared to other racial/ethnic groups. We identified barriers and facilitators to safer hair product purchasing and use in the greater Boston, Massachusetts area.

Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Sleep Apnea in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Importance: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a well-established contributor to cardiovascular morbidity, mediated by intermittent hypoxemia, autonomic dysregulation, and endothelial dysfunction. Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) may be especially at risk for SDB, but the clinical impact of SDB in this population remains unclear.

Objective: To define the prevalence and subtypes of SDB in HCM and examine their association with echocardiographic parameters and cardiac biomarker expression.

An SRR1 domain-containing protein is required for efficient Orsay virus replication in .

Viruses depend on their hosts for completing their life cycle, and a better understanding of virus replication can inform therapeutic strategies. Using the Orsay virus- experimental platform, we identified by a forward genetic screen the host gene (renamed ) as a novel host factor critical for Orsay virus replication. Three distinct mutations of each resulted in a >1,000-fold reduction in Orsay viral load, demonstrating a pro-viral function of had no previously described function in , but in the absence of viral infection, deletion of the locus by CRISPR/Cas9 led to a reduction in brood size and a shortened lifespan.

Low syphilis treatment rates and associated birth outcomes in pregnant women with and without HIV in Zambia: A cohort study.

Objective: Syphilis and HIV in pregnancy contribute to adverse birth outcomes in Africa. Benzathine penicillin G remains an effective treatment for syphilis in pregnancy, yet gaps persist in timely treatment. The aim of this study was to compare factors associated with adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis in health facilities according to their HIV status.

IL15/IL15Ra complex induces an anti-tumor immune response following radiation therapy only in the absence of Tregs and fails to expand progenitor TCF1+ CD8 T cells.

In this work, we show that the combination of radiation therapy (RT) and an IL15/IL15Rα fusion complex (denoted IL15c) fails to confer anti-tumor efficacy; however, a CD8-driven anti-tumor immune response can be elicited with the concurrent administration of an aCD25 Treg-depleting antibody. Using IL15-/- and Rag1-/- knockout mouse models, we show that the response to RT + IL15c + aCD25 is dependent on both IL15 and CTLs. Furthermore, despite an equivalent survival benefit following treatment with RT + IL15c + aCD25 and combination RT and PD1-IL2v, a novel immunocytokine with PD-1 and IL2Rbg binding domains, CTL immunophenotyping and phospho-proteomic analysis of intracellular metabolites showed a significant upregulation of activation and functionality in CD8 T cells in the RT + PD1-IL2v regimen.

Human sclerostin-inspired short peptides reverse osteoporosis and suppress joint degeneration in osteoarthritis via opposing Wnt pathways.

Sclerostin, a key regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, exhibits dual therapeutic potential in bone disorders: its inhibition promotes bone formation in osteoporosis, while its mimicry suppresses aberrant bone growth in osteoarthritis (OA). Using structural insights from NMR studies, we identified two sclerostin-derived peptides: SC-1 (an 18-mer) from loop 2, and SC-3 (a 14-mer) from loop 3. Molecular modeling showed that SC-1 binds to the first ectodomain of LRP6, potentially displacing sclerostin through competitive inhibition to activate Wnt signaling.

Spatial and policy analysis of livability in the city of St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

A livable city ensures safety, health, inclusivity, sustainability, housing, mobility, and opportunities for all. The Global Observatory of Healthy and Sustainable Cities (GOHSC) launched the 1000 Cities Challenge to assess urban health and sustainability globally. This study uses the GOHSC's spatial and policy indicators to evaluate livability in St.

Fidelity Assessment of the Multiple Family Group Intervention for Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Among Children and Adolescents in Uganda.

Background: Globally, one in seven 10-19-year-olds experiences a mental disorder, accounting for 13% of the global burden of disease in this age group. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), many children and adolescents face serious mental health disorders, including disruptive behavioral disorders (DBDs), which often begin in childhood and adolescence. Between 2016 and 2021, a large cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in Uganda under the SMART Africa initiative to examine the impact and implementation of the Multiple Family Group (MFG) intervention for children with behavioral problems and their families.