Neuropsychiatric Disorders Among Adult Emergency Department Patients With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Objective: This study aimed to compare rates of psychiatric and neurologic diagnoses on emergency department (ED) visit records of adults with versus without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs).

Methods: This cross-sectional study used the 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample of U.S.

Refracting Blame in the Fentanyl Era: The Narrative Battleground on Facebook and Instagram.

: More than 80,000 Americans died of drug overdoses between August 2022 and August 2023, a crisis most recently driven by synthetic opioids like fentanyl. To investigate how blame for the opioid crisis is constructed within the most engaging content on Facebook and Instagram by identifying the dominant thematic frames and patterns of blame attribution. Using CrowdTangle, we collected US opioid-related posts from July 2022 to June 2023 and analyzed the top 0.

Exploring the Roots of Stigma: A Qualitative Investigation of the American Public's Attitudes Toward Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder.

The ongoing opioid crisis underscores the urgent need to understand and address stigma toward individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Applying message framing theory, this study examines how different segments of the public conceptualize OUD. Through in-depth interviews with 26 U.

Healthcare provider stigma toward patients with substance use disorders.

Background And Aims: The overdose epidemic accounts for more than 89 000 deaths across the United States annually. Despite the availability of medications and therapies to treat substance use disorders (SUD), most people remain untreated. Stigma towards treating patients with SUD has been identified as a potential barrier to SUD treatment.

Trust in doctors, social support, and belief in COVID-19 misinformation.

Background: Misinformation has emerged as a major concern for public health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study conceptualizes trust in doctors and social support through the lens of social capital theory and investigates their role in public endorsement of COVID-19-related misinformation.

Methods: Using data from a nationally representative survey (N = 6,515), a series of logistic regression models were used to estimate relationships between misinformation endorsement and trust in doctors and social support from interpersonal and communal sources.

How to Fix a Broken Health Care System: Pathways to Maximize Health and Well-being for All.

The U.S. health care system is broken, with particularly low performance for health outcomes, access to care, equity, and administrative efficiency in comparison with other high-income countries, despite high cost.

Access to and predictors of substance use treatment and support among people experiencing incarceration in the United States: Analysis of a national cross-sectional study.

Substance use-related overdose continues to be one of the leading causes of preventable death in the U.S. People returning from prisons and jails are at heightened risk.

Barriers to Universal Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in US Jails.

Importance: Many of the approximately 2 million people being held in US correctional facilities are experiencing an opioid use disorder (OUD). Providing medications for OUD (MOUD) to this population is, therefore, essential to curb the opioid crisis.

Objective: To examine the types of MOUD jails are making available, factors associated with availability, and additional supports needed for jails to address implementation challenges.

Incorporating social determinants of health into agent-based models of HIV transmission: methodological challenges and future directions.

There is much focus in the field of HIV prevention research on understanding the impact of social determinants of health (e.g., housing, employment, incarceration) on HIV transmission and developing interventions to address underlying structural drivers of HIV risk.

High stakes: Associations between substance use and gambling behaviors by race in the United States.

Background And Aims: This study examined how substance use patterns influence gambling behaviors across racial/ethnic groups, amid expanding legalization of both substances and gambling in the US.

Methods: A nationally representative survey of 6543 US adults was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024. Participants reported on alcohol, cannabis, opioid, and stimulant use, along with gambling activities.

Passive exposure to opioid crisis information and public attitudes: Effects on local policy support, discrimination, and stigma in a United States national survey.

Objective: To examine associations between passive exposure to opioid crisis information and public attitudes toward opioid use disorder (OUD) policies and stigma among United States (US) adults.

Methods: A nationally representative survey of 6543 US adults was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024. Participants reported passive exposure to opioid crisis information from various sources.

Agent-Based Model of Combined Community- and Jail-Based Take-Home Naloxone Distribution.

Importance: Opioid-related overdose accounts for almost 80 000 deaths annually across the US. People who use drugs leaving jails are at particularly high risk for opioid-related overdose and may benefit from take-home naloxone (THN) distribution.

Objective: To estimate the population impact of THN distribution at jail release to reverse opioid-related overdose among people with opioid use disorders.

Implementation strategies to support recovery support workers serving criminal legal involved people who use drugs.

Introduction: Recovery support workers (RSWs) who provide social support interventions for people who use drugs (PWUD) often face challenges that can jeopardize the well-being, efficacy and sustainability of this essential workforce. To date, little has been reported on the types of implementation strategies used to support RSWs. We describe and evaluate a multifaceted implementation strategy package to support Reducing Opioid Mortality in Illinois (ROMI), a paired peer recovery coach and case manager (PRC-CM) intervention for PWUD with recent criminal-legal involvement in urban and rural settings.

Male Gender Expressivity and Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Risks in Men.

Importance: Male gender expressivity (MGE), which reflects prevalent sociocultural pressures to convey masculinity, has been associated with health. Yet, little is known about associations of MGE with the diagnosis and treatment of modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks.

Objective: To investigate associations of MGE with modifiable CVD risk diagnoses and treatment in men.

Factors Associated With the Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in US Jails.

Importance: In 2023, more than 80 000 individuals died from an overdose involving opioids. With almost two-thirds of the US jail population experiencing a substance use disorder, jails present a key opportunity for providing lifesaving treatments, such as medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD).

Objectives: To examine the prevalence of MOUD in US jails and the association of jail- and county-level factors with MOUD prevalence using a national sample.

Pointing Fingers: Who US Adults Blame for the Opioid Overdose Epidemic.

Background: Over 3 million Americans have an opioid use disorder (OUD), and only a fraction receive treatment. Public opinion is crucial in enacting evidence-based policies. Few studies have examined the public's perception of blame for the ongoing opioid overdose epidemic directed at distinct groups.

Racial discrimination and mental health in the context of anti-Asian xenophobia: An intersecting approach of race, ethnicity, nativity, and socioeconomic status.

The COVID-19 pandemic, polarized politics, and heightened stigma and discrimination are salient drivers for negative mental health outcomes, particularly among marginalized racial and ethnic minoritized groups. Intersectionality of race, ethnicity, foreign-born status, and educational attainment may distinctively shape an individual's experience of discrimination and mental health during such unprecedented time. The present study examines the differential associations of racial discrimination and mental health based on an individual's race, ethnicity, foreign-born status, and educational attainment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Predictors of mental health among U.S. adults during COVID-19 early pandemic, mid- pandemic, and post-vaccine eras.

Background: A collective trauma like COVID-19 impacts individuals differently due to socio-contextual and individual characteristics. Younger adults, minorities, affiliates of certain political parties, and residents of some regions of the United States reported experiencing poorer mental health during the pandemic. Being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing a friend/family to it, was related to more adverse mental health symptoms.