One pathogen does not an epidemic make: a review of interacting contagions, diseases, beliefs, and stories.

From pathogens and computer viruses to genes and memes, contagion models have found widespread utility across the natural and social sciences. Despite their success and breadth of adoption, the approach and structure of these models remain surprisingly siloed by field. Given the siloed nature of their development and widespread use, one persistent assumption is that a given contagion can be studied in isolation, independently from what else might be spreading in the population.

Neuropsychiatric Disorders Among Adult Emergency Department Patients With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Objective: This study aimed to compare rates of psychiatric and neurologic diagnoses on emergency department (ED) visit records of adults with versus without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs).

Methods: This cross-sectional study used the 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample of U.S.

Short-chain fatty acids production from hydrothermal conversion wastewater (HTCWW): focusing on microbial community analysis.

Hydrothermal conversion (HTC) is a widely recognized method to produce biofuel and hydro-char from biomass. This study investigated the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from HTC wastewater (HTCWW) through anaerobic fermentation (AF) and optimized the process conditions in both continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) and anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR). The highest SCFAs yield 0.

Exploring the barriers and facilitators to safer hair product purchasing and use among Black women in the greater Boston area through photovoice in the RESTYLE study.

Introduction: Racial/ethnic differences in personal care product (PCP) use, including hair products, are well-documented in the United States (US). Black women are more highly exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals in PCPs compared to other racial/ethnic groups. We identified barriers and facilitators to safer hair product purchasing and use in the greater Boston, Massachusetts area.

Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Sleep Apnea in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Importance: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a well-established contributor to cardiovascular morbidity, mediated by intermittent hypoxemia, autonomic dysregulation, and endothelial dysfunction. Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) may be especially at risk for SDB, but the clinical impact of SDB in this population remains unclear.

Objective: To define the prevalence and subtypes of SDB in HCM and examine their association with echocardiographic parameters and cardiac biomarker expression.

An SRR1 domain-containing protein is required for efficient Orsay virus replication in .

Viruses depend on their hosts for completing their life cycle, and a better understanding of virus replication can inform therapeutic strategies. Using the Orsay virus- experimental platform, we identified by a forward genetic screen the host gene (renamed ) as a novel host factor critical for Orsay virus replication. Three distinct mutations of each resulted in a >1,000-fold reduction in Orsay viral load, demonstrating a pro-viral function of had no previously described function in , but in the absence of viral infection, deletion of the locus by CRISPR/Cas9 led to a reduction in brood size and a shortened lifespan.

Low syphilis treatment rates and associated birth outcomes in pregnant women with and without HIV in Zambia: A cohort study.

Objective: Syphilis and HIV in pregnancy contribute to adverse birth outcomes in Africa. Benzathine penicillin G remains an effective treatment for syphilis in pregnancy, yet gaps persist in timely treatment. The aim of this study was to compare factors associated with adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis in health facilities according to their HIV status.

IL15/IL15Ra complex induces an anti-tumor immune response following radiation therapy only in the absence of Tregs and fails to expand progenitor TCF1+ CD8 T cells.

In this work, we show that the combination of radiation therapy (RT) and an IL15/IL15Rα fusion complex (denoted IL15c) fails to confer anti-tumor efficacy; however, a CD8-driven anti-tumor immune response can be elicited with the concurrent administration of an aCD25 Treg-depleting antibody. Using IL15-/- and Rag1-/- knockout mouse models, we show that the response to RT + IL15c + aCD25 is dependent on both IL15 and CTLs. Furthermore, despite an equivalent survival benefit following treatment with RT + IL15c + aCD25 and combination RT and PD1-IL2v, a novel immunocytokine with PD-1 and IL2Rbg binding domains, CTL immunophenotyping and phospho-proteomic analysis of intracellular metabolites showed a significant upregulation of activation and functionality in CD8 T cells in the RT + PD1-IL2v regimen.

Human sclerostin-inspired short peptides reverse osteoporosis and suppress joint degeneration in osteoarthritis via opposing Wnt pathways.

Sclerostin, a key regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, exhibits dual therapeutic potential in bone disorders: its inhibition promotes bone formation in osteoporosis, while its mimicry suppresses aberrant bone growth in osteoarthritis (OA). Using structural insights from NMR studies, we identified two sclerostin-derived peptides: SC-1 (an 18-mer) from loop 2, and SC-3 (a 14-mer) from loop 3. Molecular modeling showed that SC-1 binds to the first ectodomain of LRP6, potentially displacing sclerostin through competitive inhibition to activate Wnt signaling.

Spatial and policy analysis of livability in the city of St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

A livable city ensures safety, health, inclusivity, sustainability, housing, mobility, and opportunities for all. The Global Observatory of Healthy and Sustainable Cities (GOHSC) launched the 1000 Cities Challenge to assess urban health and sustainability globally. This study uses the GOHSC's spatial and policy indicators to evaluate livability in St.

Fidelity Assessment of the Multiple Family Group Intervention for Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Among Children and Adolescents in Uganda.

Background: Globally, one in seven 10-19-year-olds experiences a mental disorder, accounting for 13% of the global burden of disease in this age group. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), many children and adolescents face serious mental health disorders, including disruptive behavioral disorders (DBDs), which often begin in childhood and adolescence. Between 2016 and 2021, a large cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in Uganda under the SMART Africa initiative to examine the impact and implementation of the Multiple Family Group (MFG) intervention for children with behavioral problems and their families.

Pilot Study of Factors Influencing Engagement with an mHealth Intervention Among Teens with Eating Disorder Symptoms.

Purpose: The current pilot study examines engagement with and preliminary effectiveness of an mHealth intervention designed for teens with eating disorders (EDs) to delineate specific user characteristics associated with intervention engagement and the impact of this engagement on ED symptoms.

Methods: Teens 14-17 years old with or at high-risk for an ED were recruited from social media (n=29) and provided access to an mHealth intervention for 2 months. At baseline, participants were surveyed on ED and other mental health symptoms and demographics.

Design of Miniprotein Inhibitors of Bacterial Adhesins.

The rise of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections necessitates the discovery of novel antimicrobial strategies. Here, we show that protein design provides a generalizable means of generating new antimicrobials by neutralizing the function of bacterial adhesins, which are virulence factors critical in host-pathogen interactions. We designed high-affinity miniprotein binders to FimH and Abp1D/Abp2D chaperone usher pili adhesins from uropathogenic and , respectively, which are implicated in mediating both uncomplicated and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTI) responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Corrigendum to 'SCAI Expert Consensus Statement on Alternative Access for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement' [Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions 4 (2025) 102514].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass for Cooking and Effects on Blood Pressure: Results from the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial.

Background: Exposure to household air pollution from burning coal and biomass for cooking is associated with higher blood pressure and other adverse indicators of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Evidence demonstrating that switching from biomass to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) will reduce blood pressure is limited.

Methods: As part of a larger trial of 3200 households, we conducted a randomized trial of 342 women aged 40 to 79 years who lived in households using biomass for cooking in rural areas of Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda to assess the effects of a free LPG stove and fuel intervention.

WHF Roadmap on Single Pill Combination Therapies.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of mortality, with treatment adherence posing a major barrier to effective prevention and control. Single pill combinations (SPCs), also known as fixed-dose combinations, simplify treatment by combining multiple agents into one pill, improving adherence and reducing cardiovascular risk. This World Heart Federation Roadmap synthesizes the latest clinical evidence and identifies key barriers to SPC implementation, including limited manufacturing, affordability, regulatory complexity, and inconsistent guideline inclusion.

Defensive tolerance drives the reprogramming and dysfunction of infiltrating pathogenic B cells assuring the maintenance of tolerance.

We previously showed that infiltrating cytotoxic immune cells are reprogrammed to regulatory-like/exhausted cells within accepted kidney allografts through a 'defensive tolerance' mechanism. We observed a regulatory B cell (Breg) signature within the accepted kidney. Here we show that despite a Breg phenotype, neither B cell depletion nor the use of μMT recipients which lack B cells, resulted in kidney allograft rejection.

Attitudes and Subjective Norms Regarding Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Among Individuals in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in the Greater St. Louis Area.

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is safe and efficacious for treating opioid use disorder (OUD), yet there is limited understanding of how attitudes and subjective norms regarding MOUD among individuals with OUD may impede treatment uptake. Thus, the current study describes attitudes and subjective norms in a sample of individuals with OUD in the St. Louis area ( = 183) and compares outcomes among those who were and were not actively taking MOUD.

Development and usability testing of an online platform for provider training and implementation of cognitive-behavioral therapy guided self-help for eating disorders.

Background: Most individuals with eating disorders (EDs) do not receive treatment, and those who do receive care typically do not receive evidence-based treatment, partly due to lack of accessible provider training. This study developed a novel "all-in-one" online platform for disseminating training for mental health providers in cognitive-behavioral therapy guided self-help (CBTgsh) for EDs and supporting its implementation. The aim of the study was to obtain usability data from the online platform prior to evaluating its effects on provider training outcomes and patient ED symptom outcomes in an open pilot trial.

Metabolic rewiring of isoniazid sensitivity in .

Isoniazid (INH) inhibits mycolic acid synthesis in () and is a cornerstone of treatment regimens against this deadly pathogen. However, over 10% of infections are INH-resistant. The compound C10 can sensitize clinically relevant INH-resistant mutants to killing by INH.

Ethical implications of neurotechnology in industry-academia partnerships: Insights from patient and research participant interviews.

Background: Neurotechnologies often advance through industry-academia (IA) partnerships and offer insight into brain and nervous system functions, bringing improved diagnosis and treatment options to patients. Both neurotechnology and IA partnerships pose ethical challenges that can impact research participation experiences, patient treatment, and health outcomes.

Methods: Investigators conducted interviews with 16 patients who used neurotechnology devices in therapeutic or research settings.

Coxsackievirus B infection invokes unique cell-type-specific responses in primary human pancreatic islets.

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is implicated as an environmental trigger for type 1 diabetes (T1D). While CVB impairs islet function and viability, its impact on individual primary human islet cell types remains unclear. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing and functional studies to show that CVB3 induces distinct cell-type-specific transcriptional and mitochondrial responses in human cadaveric islets.