Inflammatory bowel disease vs. adverse in-hospital outcomes after radical prostatectomy.

Introduction: The effect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on adverse in-hospital outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) for nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is not well known.

Materials And Methods: Descriptive analyses, propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression models were used within the National Inpatient Sample (2000-2019) RP patients, after stratification according to Crohn's disease (CD) vs. ulcerative colitis (UC) vs.

The association of sleep-related issues with chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain incidence in U.S. adults: a 1-year representative cohort study.

In this longitudinal cohort study, we used nationally representative data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey (n = 7,826 for chronic pain; n = 9,195 for high-impact chronic pain [HICP]) to examine the association of trouble sleeping and tiredness with 1-year incidence of chronic pain and HICP in U.

Cancer-specific mortality in secondary bladder cancer after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Objective: To examine differences in cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in nonmetastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients with vs. without secondary bladder cancer (BCa) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).

Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER 2000-2021), T1-T4N0M0 UTUC patients treated with RNU and diagnosed with secondary BCa were identified.

Optimization of ciliary body cyclophotocoagulation settings: a randomized and controlled pilot study.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of different settings in continuous-wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CW-TSCPC).

Design: Prospective, randomized, triple-blind clinical trial in a single tertiary center.

Participants: Adult glaucoma patients who need continuous wave-transscleral cyclophotocoagulation to control intraocular pressure (IOP) or prevent or treat ocular pain/discomfort secondary to increased IOP.

Safety of artificial intelligence-assisted optical diagnosis for leaving colorectal polyps in situ during colonoscopy (PRACTICE): a non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Guidelines recommend leaving in situ rectosigmoid polyps diagnosed during colonoscopy that are 5 mm or smaller if the endoscopist optically predicts them to be non-neoplastic. However, no randomised controlled trial has been done to examine the efficacy and safety of this strategy.

Methods: This open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial enrolled adults age 18 years or older undergoing colonoscopy for screening, surveillance, or clinical indications across four Italian centres.

Multiple maternal occupational exposures during pregnancy and intrauterine growth: analysis of the French Longitudinal Study of Children - ELFE cohort, using data-driven approaches.

Objective: To use data-driven approaches to investigate maternal multi-occupational exposures during pregnancy and their effects on intrauterine growth.

Methods: Maternal occupational exposure to 47 factors during pregnancy was evaluated with job-exposure matrices in the French ELFE cohort. The outcomes of interest were birthweight (BW), small for gestational age (SGA) and head circumference (HC).

Metabolomics reveal distinct molecular pathways associated with future risk of Crohn's Disease.

Host - microbiome interactions are central to Crohn'sdisease (CD) pathogenesis; yet the early metabolic alterations that precededisease onset remain poorly defined. To explore preclinical metabolicsignatures of CD, we analyzed baseline serum metabolomic profiles in a nestedcase-control study within the Crohn's and Colitis Canada - Genetics, Environment, Microbiome (CCC-GEM) Project, a prospective cohort of 5,122 healthyfirst-degree relatives (FDRs) of CD patients. We included 78 individuals wholater developed CD and 311 matched FDRs who remained disease-free.

Assessing in silico tools for accurate pathogenicity prediction in CHD nucleosome remodelers.

Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins compose a family of chromatin remodelers that play crucial roles in DNA repair and gene expression regulation, neural stem cell differentiation and chromatin integrity. Genetic variants in CHD chromatin remodelers are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders with features like autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Consequently, the determination of variant pathogenicity in clinical genetic tests for individuals bearing CHD variants is crucial.

Metastases-directed therapy in addition to standard systemic therapy in oligometastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in Canada (GROUQ-PCS 9): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial.

Background: The role of metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains unclear. Prostate Cancer Study 9 (PCS-9) aimed to evaluate the benefits of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in addition to standard systemic therapy in patients with oligometastatic CRPC.

Methods: This open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial was conducted across 13 Canadian academic and community oncology centres.

DeepSeek-R1 vs OpenAI o1 for Ophthalmic Diagnoses and Management Plans.

Importance: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored in clinical decision-making, but few studies have evaluated their performance on complex ophthalmology cases from clinical practice settings. Understanding whether open-weight, reasoning-enhanced LLMs can outperform proprietary models has implications for clinical utility and accessibility.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, management decision-making, and cost of DeepSeek-R1 vs OpenAI o1 across diverse ophthalmic subspecialties.

A Meta-Analysis of Sex-Based Differences in Health Service Use for Persons Living With Dementia Between 2018 and 2020 in Four Canadian Provinces.

Background: Ensuring equitable healthcare services for persons with dementia is of utmost importance. Recent evidence points to sex-based differences in healthcare use in this population. However, available evidence is based on data from limited geographic regions and predates the COVID-19 pandemic, which is said to have further magnified disparities.

Fabrication of a PDMS-based substrate with a stiffness gradient for modeling the mechanical microenvironment in single and collective cell studies.

Mechanotransduction plays a pivotal role in shaping cellular behavior including migration, differentiation, and proliferation. To investigate this mechanism more accurately further, this study came up with a novel elastomeric substrate with a stiffness gradient using a sugar-based replica molding technique combined with a two-layer PDMS system. The efficient water solubility of candy allows easy release, creating a smooth substrate.

Factors shaping the decision-making process to continue or discontinue antipsychotics: exploratory qualitative study of 12 individuals in remission from first-episode psychosis.

Background: The decision-making process regarding antipsychotic continuation or discontinuation following remission from first-episode psychosis (FEP) remains complex and underresearched. While discontinuation increases the risk of relapse, concerns over long-term side-effects such as metabolic disturbances and extrapyramidal symptoms also exist. Current guidelines recommend maintaining antipsychotics for 1-5 years, emphasising shared decision-making (SDM) between clinicians and patients.

The ecology and evolution of microbial immune systems: a look on the wild vibrio side.

Natural populations of vibrio beyond the well-studied pandemic strains of , provide a powerful model for investigating the eco-evolutionary dynamics of microbial immune systems. Their genetic diversity, ecological versatility, ease of culturability and the availability of time-series data enable detailed studies of phage-host interactions in natural contexts. This review synthesizes recent advances in vibriophage research, highlighting key findings and emerging tools.

Evolving genomic landscape of pediatric pneumococcus in two Canadian urban centers following conjugate vaccination.

Background And Aim: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have significantly reduced pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). However, vaccine escape variants, the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs), and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain ongoing concerns. We aimed to characterize long-term trends in serotype distribution, lineage composition, and AMR patterns among pediatric IPD cases following PCV introduction in two major Canadian urban centers: Calgary, Alberta, and Toronto, Ontario.

Triple A Plus (AAA) Survival Prediction Model for Essential Thrombocythemia: Analysis Involving 7308 Patients.

Survival prediction models in essential thrombocythemia (ET) include the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSET) and the more recently introduced triple-A (AAA) prognostic score. The latter enlists age and absolute neutrophil (ANC) and lymphocyte (ALC) counts as risk variables. In the current study, a Mayo Clinic discovery cohort of 658 patients with ET was used to identify AAA-independent risk variables.

Analysis of the degree of implementation of the HEALTHQUAL program.

Introduction: In evaluations of quality improvement programs, there is often a tendency to focus directly on outcomes or effects without first examining whether the program was fully implemented, only partially executed, or not implemented at all. In many cases, evaluators conclude that the program had little or no effect. However, it is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve meaningful results when the degree of implementation is low or nonexistent.

The COVID-19 global pandemic and allostatic load among a cohort of Black and Latina transgender women living with HIV.

This exploratory study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress biomarkers and allostatic load for Black and Latina transgender women living with HIV (BLTWLH), as well as COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and vaccination status. LITE Plus is a longitudinal cohort study of BLTWLH designed to identify pathways linking biopsychosocial stress to HIV co-morbidities. Participants were enrolled between October 2019-June 2022.

Efficacy and Safety of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair with a MitraClip Device in Real-World Canadian Practice.

Background: Mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) is a treatment option for patients with symptomatic mitral regurgitation (MR). The real-world experience with M-TEER in Canada has not been reported previously.

Methods: We conducted an observational study of 1191 patients from 11 Canadian centres undergoing M-TEER with a MitraClip device (Abbott, location).

Examining the association between real-world extended vs. standard pelvic lymph node dissection and early and late oncologic outcomes in men undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Introduction: In patients with prostate cancer (PCa), the impact of extended pelvic lymph node dissection (E-PLND) during radical prostatectomy (RP) on oncologic outcomes remains controversial. This study examined the association between extended vs. standard PLND (S-PLND) and biochemical recurrence (BCR), an early outcome, as well as metastatic PCa (mPCa), and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) development, late outcomes, in a multi-institutional cohort.

Surgery versus surveillance: A quality-of-life analysis of patients with moderately dilated aortic root or ascending aorta.

Objectives: The impact of diagnosis and management of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) on patients' quality of life (QoL) is not well characterized. This study aims to compare QoL with surgery versus surveillance in patients with moderate ATAAs.

Methods: Treatment In Thoracic Aortic aNeurysm: Surgery versus Surveillance is a multicentre randomized trial for patients with ATAA between 5.

The Product neutrality function defining genetic interactions emerges from mechanistic models of cell growth.

Genetic analyses, which examine the phenotypic effects of mutations both individually and in combination, have been fundamental to our understanding of cellular functions. Such analyses rely on a neutrality function that predicts the expected phenotype for double mutants based on the phenotypes of the two individual non-interacting mutations. In this study, we examine fitness, the most fundamental cellular phenotype, through an analysis of the extensive colony growth rate data available for budding yeast.