Effectiveness of Enhanced Developmental Screening at 18 Months to Identify Developmental Delays.

Objective: We sought to measure whether receipt of an enhanced 18-month well-baby visit with use of a developmental screening tool versus a routine 18-month well-baby visit (which typically involves developmental surveillance without screening) is associated with time to identification of developmental delays.

Method: We conducted a cohort study of children (17-22 months) in Ontario who received an 18-month well-baby visit (March 2020‒March 2022), followed to September 2022 using linked health administrative datasets. Visits were categorized as enhanced (n = 83,554) or routine (n = 15,723).

The sense and control of standing balance in the presence of motor noise.

This study aimed to characterize motor noise in human standing balance and uncover mechanisms that enable the nervous system to robustly sense and control upright posture despite this variability. We conducted three experiments using a robotic balance simulator. First, we quantified the natural variability of ankle torques, revealing that torque variability was stable within preferred postures and increased only at more extreme orientations.

Cerebrovascular Reactivity at Rest and Its Association With Cognitive Function in People With Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is an indicator of cerebrovascular health, and its signature in familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) remains unknown. The primary aim was to investigate CVR in genetic FTD using an fMRI index of vascular contractility termed resting-state fluctuation amplitudes (RSFAs) and to assess whether RSFA differences are moderated by age. A secondary aim was to study the relationship between RSFA and cognition.

Occurrence of Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treated With Stimulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may present with psychosis or bipolar disorder (BD) following treatment with stimulants. The extent to which this occurs is currently unclear.

Objective: To meta-analytically quantify the occurrence of psychosis or BD after exposure to stimulants in individuals with ADHD and assess possible moderating factors.

A collaborative primary and mental health care model with psychologist and psychiatrist working in GP practices: process evaluation of the implementation, challenges, and sustainability.

Background: Previous studies have shown that collaboration between primary care and mental health services can enhance accessibility and improve outcomes for patients seen in general practitioners' (GPs') office. There is, however, a lack of empirical evidence regarding the benefits of collaborative care in Norway. This study, part of a larger research project, examined the adaptation and implementation of a successful Canadian collaborative care model developed in Hamilton, Ontario, in three Norwegian GP practices located in different boroughs of Oslo, Norway's largest city.

Experiences and barriers to alcohol use disorder treatment among adults with and without self-reported executive functioning challenges: A mixed-methods study.

Background: Executive functioning (EF)-the ability to plan, organize, and complete goal-directed tasks-plays a critical role in the onset and course of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Individuals with AUD often report challenges in EF domains, such as initiating, planning, and performing key tasks, including seeking, engaging in, and adhering to treatment. While AUD treatment efficacy is well-established, little is known about individuals' lived experiences with AUD treatment, especially among those with EF challenges.

The need to prioritize "insomnia disorder" in public health agendas: "a wakeup call" position paper from European and Canadian experts in sleep and mental health.

Objective: Insomnia Disorder is a chronic mental disorder with significant impact on the population across Europe and Canada. While some countries reimburse evidence-based treatments, others fail to recognize insomnia as a chronic condition and do not provide the resources to ensure consistent care for those affected. This document serves as a position paper from sleep and mental health experts across Europe, Switzerland the UK, and Canada, emphasizing the critical need for public health systems to recognize chronic insomnia as a disorder in order to enhance support for patients.

Perceptions of barriers and facilitators to opioid reduction after total joint arthroplasty among orthopedic surgeons practicing in Canada, Japan, and the Netherlands: A qualitative description study.

Opioid analgesics are commonly prescribed after total knee and hip arthroplasty to manage pain. Rates of opioid prescribing after arthroplasty differ by country, suggesting differences in policies or surgeons' practices. We adopted a qualitative description design to explore and compare Canadian, Dutch, and Japanese orthopaedic surgeons' perceptions of facilitators and barriers to opioid reduction after total joint arthroplasty.

Activation of the supramammillary-dentate gyrus circuit enhances alertness and cognitive function in a rat model of ADHD.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, with growing evidence suggesting hypoalertness as a contributing factor to its associated cognitive impairments. Despite promising results from behavioral interventions employing external stimuli to improve cognitive function, the underlying neural mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Here, we identify the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) as a critical neural substrate involved in modulating alertness and cognitive deficits associated with ADHD.

Interventional Psychiatry and Emerging Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Systematic Review.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe, often difficult-to-treat condition, highlighting the need for innovative therapies. Interventional treatments, including neuromodulation, rapid-acting pharmacotherapies such as intravenous ketamine (IV-KET) and esketamine (ESK), and emerging psychedelic-assisted psychotherapies, offer promising solutions. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and future research priorities of these treatments for PTSD.

Complementary, alternative and integrative medicine for autism: an umbrella review and online platform.

The use of complementary, alternative and integrative medicine (CAIM) is highly prevalent among autistic individuals, with up to 90% reporting having used CAIM at least once in their lifetime. However, the evidence base for the effects of CAIM for autism remains uncertain. Here, to fill this gap, we conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses exploring the effects of CAIM in autism across the lifespan and developed a web platform to disseminate the generated results.

Health Economic Impact of Incomplete Reperfusion Patterns After Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Incomplete reperfusion in endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) impacts patients' outcomes. Different incomplete reperfusion patterns may benefit from targeted therapeutic strategies, e.g.

Unlocking new mechanisms for future ALS therapies: early interventions with cholinergic antagonists reduce neuromuscular decline.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by motor neuron loss, leading to muscle paralysis and death. C-boutons have been shown to be part of the compensatory mechanism behind delayed symptom onset, and are most active during vigorous exercises, like swimming. When mutant mice with silenced C-boutons perform this exercise, disease progression and behavioral performance drastically improve.

Transcranial direct current stimulation and online cognitive training to enhance cognitive function and emotional stability in borderline personality disorder: an open-labelled pilot study.

Background: Despite the effectiveness of specialized therapies, people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) continue to face substantial psychosocial challenges, which may be partially attributed to neuropsychological deficits arising from imbalances in the corticolimbic system. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) could enhance impulse control, emotional regulation, and cognitive functions; thus, we sought to explore the effectiveness of tDCS combined with online cognitive training on cognitive functions, BPD symptoms, and psychosocial functioning among patients with BPD.

Methods: This open-label study recruited adults with BPD who were not undergoing psychotherapy.

Remote spatial memory deficits in mouse models of neuropsychiatric disorders with immature dentate gyrus phenotype.

Background: The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is a critical region that contributes to recent and remote memory. Granule cells within this region, in which adult neurogenesis occurs, undergo dynamic and reversible maturation via genetic and environmental factors during adulthood. A pseudo-immature state of DG granule cells, called immature DG (iDG), has been observed in the adult mice of certain mutant strains, which are considered animal models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, such as intellectual disability, schizophrenia, autism, and Alzheimer's disease.

Comparison of 5-Day Multidaily Neuronavigated Theta-Burst Sessions With 6-Week Standard Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (the Dutch Depression Outcome Trial): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Novel therapies are crucial for patients with major depressive disorder, as more than 33% of patients do not respond to first-line treatments. A promising novel treatment strategy is an intensive 5-day course of personalized, functional connectivity-guided accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation (PAiT), modeled after the Stanford neuromodulation therapy protocol. This new form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may lead to higher remission rates in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

The ocular surface microbiome of rhesus macaques.

Background: The ocular surface microbiota (OSM) is important for eye health, and variations in OSM composition have been associated with multiple diseases in humans. Studies of OSM-disease dynamics in humans are confounded by lifestyle factors. Animal models provide a complementary approach to understanding biological systems, free from many confounds of human studies.

Residential greenness and reduced depression during COVID-19: Longitudinal evidence from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Background: Urban greenness has several demonstrated mental health benefits, including lower rates of depression and loneliness. Few studies have evaluated the possible benefits of greenness on depression during the COVID-19 worldwide pandemic. We investigated this topic using a prospective cohort of Canadian adults.

Characterization of iGABASnFR2 for mesoscale imaging of intracortical GABA dynamics.

Significance: Although genetically encoded sensors have advanced the study of cortical excitation, tools for large-scale imaging of inhibition remain limited. Visualizing extracellular gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) dynamics is essential for understanding how inhibitory networks shape brain activity across sensory, behavioral, and pharmacological states.

Aim: Our aims are to validate and apply the genetically encoded sensor iGABASnFR2 for wide-field imaging of extracellular GABA and to characterize how cortical inhibition reorganizes across brain states, sensory modalities, and after GABA transporter blockade.

Access to healthcare among managed alcohol program participants: A mixed methods study.

Managed alcohol programs (MAPs) offer safe and regulated doses of alcohol to individuals with high-risk drinking behaviours unresponsive to other treatments. These harm reduction programs aim to reduce alcohol-related harms and increase access to housing, health, and social services. In our study we aimed to understand the impacts of MAP participation on access to healthcare.

Psychological and physiological differences related to supportive living situations amongst individuals with physical disabilities.

The caregiver-patient dynamic is a complex relationship. While caregivers' potential psychological and physical burdens have received much attention, few studies have focused on the patient's perspective. This study investigated how the presence of a caregiver affects perceived stress, mental health and metabolic function in individuals with physical disabilities (PDis).