The need to prioritize "insomnia disorder" in public health agendas: "a wakeup call" position paper from European and Canadian experts in sleep and mental health.

Objective: Insomnia Disorder is a chronic mental disorder with significant impact on the population across Europe and Canada. While some countries reimburse evidence-based treatments, others fail to recognize insomnia as a chronic condition and do not provide the resources to ensure consistent care for those affected. This document serves as a position paper from sleep and mental health experts across Europe, Switzerland the UK, and Canada, emphasizing the critical need for public health systems to recognize chronic insomnia as a disorder in order to enhance support for patients.

Odds Ratio Product as a Biological Marker of Phenotypes of Insomnia.

The study investigated differences in objective markers of sleep depth and identified phenotypes of insomnia. Participants were screened with the Insomnia-Severity-Index and clinical interviews and assigned to control (n = 50) or insomnia (n = 69) groups. They completed three nights of in-laboratory overnight polysomnography.

Child Abuse Exposure and Adult Sleep Continuity Disturbance, Sleep Duration, and Bedroom Safety.

Background: While prior research has shown that early life events can impact sleep during adulthood. However, the specific aspects of sleep affected in those who experienced abuse as a child and potential environmental factors that may help ameliorate these difficulties is less understood.

Objectives: The present cross-sectional study examined the relationship between abuse as a child and several key dimensions of poor sleep (sleep quality, insomnia symptoms and typical sleep duration).

Predictability of sleep in insomnia: sleep patterns of patients from a sleep psychology clinic.

The present study aims at identifying sleep patterns in insomnia in a clinical sample using three strategies to define poor nights. Sleep diaries and self-reported questionnaires were collected from 77 clinical patients with insomnia. The conditional probabilities of observing a poor night after 1, 2, or 3 consecutive poor nights were computed according to three strategies with same criteria for sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency, but varying criterion for total sleep time.

Reduced rapid eye movement sleep in late middle-aged and older apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele carriers.

Study Objectives: Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, APOE4 carriers may exhibit sleep disturbances, but conflicting results have been reported, such that there is no clear consensus regarding which aspects of sleep are impacted. Our objective was to compare objective sleep architecture between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers, and to investigate the modulating impact of age, sex, cognitive status, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Behavioural therapy for shift work disorder improves shift workers' sleep, sleepiness and mental health: A pilot randomised control trial.

The present study evaluates the efficacy of behavioural therapy adapted for shift work disorder with a randomised control design in a healthcare population. Forty-three night shift workers (m. age: 34 years; 77% women) experiencing shift work disorder were randomised to either the behavioural therapy for shift work disorder (BT-SWD) or a waiting-list control group offered after the waiting period.

The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023.

Progress in the field of insomnia since 2017 necessitated this update of the European Insomnia Guideline. Recommendations for the diagnostic procedure for insomnia and its comorbidities are: clinical interview (encompassing sleep and medical history); the use of sleep questionnaires and diaries (and physical examination and additional measures where indicated) (A). Actigraphy is not recommended for the routine evaluation of insomnia (C), but may be useful for differential-diagnostic purposes (A).

REM sleep is associated with the volume of the cholinergic basal forebrain in aMCI individuals.

Background: Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep highly depends on the activity of cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) neurons and is reduced in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we investigated the associations between the volume of BF nuclei and REM sleep characteristics, and the impact of cognitive status on these links, in late middle-aged and older participants.

Methods: Thirty-one cognitively healthy controls (66.

The effectiveness of stimulus control in cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Stimulus control is part of the widely used cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia. However, there is a lack of knowledge about its mechanisms of action and effectiveness when used alone. This systematic review with network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate stimulus control efficacy when used alone compared with cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia or its components.

Mechanisms of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia.

Although much is known now about behavioural, cognitive and physiological consequences of insomnia, little is known about changes after cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on these particular factors. We here report baseline findings on each of these factors in insomnia, after which we address findings on their changes after cognitive behavioural therapy. Sleep restriction remains the strongest determinant of insomnia treatment success.

Partner Alliance to Enhance Efficacy and Adherence of CBT-I.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is now widely recognized as the first-line management strategy for insomnia, both for insomnia in its "pure" form, and when comorbid with a physical or psychological illness. However, there is a definite need to develop and test both alternative and adjunct interventions to CBT-I, before implementing them into routine practice. The aim of this article is to provide a narrative review of the literature with regard to what is known about the influence of partners on sleep, insomnia, and its management.

Medial temporal lobe and obstructive sleep apnea: Effect of sex, age, cognitive status and free-water.

Medial temporal structures, namely the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus, are particularly vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease and hypoxemia. Here, we tested the associations between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and medial temporal lobe volumes in 114 participants aged 55-86 years (35 % women). We also investigated the impact of sex, age, cognitive status, and free-water fraction correction on these associations.

Pre-Sleep Cognitive Arousal Is Unrelated to Sleep Misperception in Healthy Sleepers When Unexpected Sounds Are Played during Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep: A Polysomnography Study.

Background: It is well-established that environmental noise can disrupt sleep, and cause a mismatch between subjective and objective sleep, which is known as "sleep misperception". Naturalistic studies indicate that pre-sleep cognitive arousal and sleep misperception are associated in the context of noise. However, it is not known if this is the case when ecologically valid noises are specifically played during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, which is susceptible to noise-related disruption.

Insomnia.

Insomnia is highly prevalent in clinical practice, occurring in up to 50% of primary care patients. Insomnia can present independently or alongside other medical conditions or mental health disorders and is a risk factor for the development and exacerbation of these other disorders if not treated. In 2016, the American College of Physicians recommended that insomnia be specifically targeted for treatment.

Years of life gained when meeting sleep duration recommendations in Canada.

Objective: To estimate the years of life gained when meeting the sleep duration recommendations across the adult lifespan.

Methods: Three pieces of information were used to estimate and compare life expectancy at each age of adult life among Canadian adults who did and did not meet sleep duration recommendations: (i) the prevalence of self-reported short sleep duration, recommended sleep duration, and long sleep duration; (ii) the relative risks of all-cause mortality associated with sleep duration obtained from recent meta-analyses; and (iii) the probability of death during each year of life obtained from life tables.

Results: Adults who meet the sleep duration recommendations have an estimated life expectancy at age 20 years that is 1.

Economic burden of insufficient sleep duration in Canadian adults.

Objective: To provide estimates of the health care and productivity costs associated with insufficient sleep duration (<7 hours per night) in Canadian adults.

Methods: A prevalence-based approach was used to estimate the economic costs associated with insufficient sleep duration. Estimates relied on 3 pieces of information: (1) the relative risks of health outcomes consistently associated with insufficient sleep duration obtained from recent meta-analyses; (2) the direct (health care) and indirect (health-related losses of productivity) costs of these health outcomes obtained from the Economic Burden of Illness in Canada data; and (3) the prevalence of insufficient sleep duration in Canadian adults obtained from a representative national survey (17.

Pre-Sleep Cognitive Arousal Is Negatively Associated with Sleep Misperception in Healthy Sleepers during Habitual Environmental Noise Exposure: An Actigraphy Study.

Specific noises (e.g., traffic or wind turbines) can disrupt sleep and potentially cause a mismatch between subjective sleep and objective sleep (i.