Convergent domestication of bitter apples and pears by selecting mutations of MYB transcription factors to reduce proanthocyanidin levels.

Fruit domestication has long aimed to reduce bitterness, yet the molecular mechanisms behind this trait remain only partially understood. Wild apples and pears naturally accumulate high levels of bitter proanthocyanidins (PAs), also known as condensed tannins. In this study, a convergent domestication process was identified in both fruits, involving the selection of weak alleles of MYB transcription factors that regulate PA biosynthesis.

METTL14 Hinders DCM Progression via Mediating the m6A Methylation of NRG4 in HG-Induced H9C2 Cells.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common form of cardiomyopathy that affects the cardiac muscle. It can lead to heart failure and threaten the life of human. Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) is a novel adipose factor released from brown adipose tissues and is considered to play an important role in metabolism, and affects the diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Synbiotic microencapsulation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-lentinan for enhanced growth in broilers.

Unlabelled: In the prevention and control of animal diseases, synbiotics combine the principles of probiotics and prebiotics, which play crucial roles in reducing intestinal disorders, such as diarrhea and indigestion, enhancing immune function, and decreasing the incidence of respiratory diseases in livestock and poultry. Following the confirmation of the prebiotic activity of lentinan, this study aimed to use microencapsulation technology to prepare synbiotics composed of () and lentinan. The optimal preparation process for the synbiotic microcapsules was determined through single-factor, orthogonal, and response surface experiments.

Comparative performance of multiple inflammatory indices across different stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolism syndrome: A Multi-Cohort Study.

Background: This study investigated the associations between different inflammatory indices and mortality in CKM patients at various stages, with the goal of identifying the best inflammatory predictors of survival for each stage of CKM.

Patients And Methods: Data from 18,700 representative CKM patients in NHANES 1999-2014 and 94,760 CKM patients from the UKB were analysed. The inflammatory index was calculated on the basis of the blood cell count and biochemical indicators.

Human Motion Video Generation: A Survey.

Human motion video generation has garnered significant research interest due to its broad applications, enabling innovations such as photorealistic singing heads or dynamic avatars that seamlessly dance to music. However, existing surveys in this field focus on individual methods, lacking a comprehensive overview of the entire generative process. This paper addresses this gap by providing an in-depth survey of human motion video generation, encompassing over ten sub-tasks, and detailing the five key phases of the generation process: input, motion planning, motion video generation, refinement, and output.

Dihydrosanguinarine enhances tryptophan metabolism and intestinal immune function via AhR pathway activation in broilers.

Background: Tryptophan is essential for nutrition, immunity and neural activity, but cannot be synthesized endogenously. Certain natural products influence host health by modulating the gut microbiota to promote the production of tryptophan metabolites. Sanguinarine (SAN) enhances broiler immunity, however, its low bioavailability and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Deciphering the differences in aroma components of tobacco from different origins based on HS-GC-IMS and multivariate statistical analysis.

This study employed headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) technology combined with multivariate statistical analysis methods to analyze the flavor compounds in flue-cured tobacco from five different regions in China: Henan, Hunan, Yunnan, Chongqing, and Fujian. A total of 98 volatile aroma compounds were identified through HS-GC-IMS analysis, including esters, ketones, aldehydes, acids, alcohols, heterocyclic compounds, sulfur-containing compounds, other types of compounds, and 8 uncharacterized compounds. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) were utilized to conduct dimensionality reduction and distinguish the samples, effectively recognizing differences in volatile compounds among tobacco leaves from various origins.

Dynamic ammonia exchange within a mixed deciduous forest canopy in the Southern Appalachians.

Ammonia ( ) concentration and flux measurements made in 2016 in a mixed deciduous forest at the western North Carolina Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory are analyzed using a multi-layer, one-dimensional column model with detailed canopy physics and bi-directional exchange. Simulations for April 26-30 and July 19-30 are presented to assess the model's ability to represent measured in-canopy profiles and probe the processes that control bi-directional exchange with the canopy and forest floor. During dry canopy conditions, model simulations are found to well reproduce measured in-canopy profiles for both the April and July periods, given appropriate model inputs.

Molecular epidemiology and hematological thresholds for αβ-thalassemia: a retrospective cohort study in the Huizhou region of southern China.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence, hematological characteristics and optimal cutoff values for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in carriers with combined α- and β-thalassemia (αβ-thalassemia) in the Huizhou region of southern China.

Methods: The epidemiological investigation, including prevalence assessment and genotype distribution analysis of αβ-thalassemia, was conducted in a cohort of 14,146 participants (Prevalence cohort). Furthermore, a comprehensive comparative analysis of hematological parameters was performed among 13,888 individuals grouped by genotype (Phenotype cohort).

Integrating metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics to analyze the relationship between microbial dynamics and non-volatile metabolomic profiles in plant-derived microbial fuel cells (MFCs).

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) are an emerging biomass energy technology that harnesses the power of electroactive bacteria living on a bacterial biofilm to convert biomass energy within waste materials into usable electricity. A pivotal aspect of MFC research involves understanding the behavior and underlying mechanisms of electroactive bacteria during extracellular electron transfer to the anode, which plays a crucial role in energy conversion. In this paper, four MFCs were operated at external resistances of 500 and 1000 ohms, and the changes in the biofilm's electroactive bacterial composition due to altered external resistances were indicated by the voltage and power differences.

Association of quantified cardiovascular health status with all-cause mortality risk in prediabetic patients.

Background: Patients with prediabetes are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score, updated by the American Heart Association in 2022, is a tool used to quantify cardiovascular health (CVH). Quantifying healthy living status on the basis of the uniform standard LE8 will be useful for confirming whether health interventions can reduce the risk of death in prediabetic patients.

Flavor Characteristics of Different Varieties of Flue-Cured Tobacco Based on Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

In order to investigate characterization and the differences of volatile substances in different types of flue-cured tobacco, the volatile components (VOCs) and relative contents of six varieties of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Combined with the relative odor activity value (ROAV), important flavor substances were determined and different aroma components were screened by multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that 93 and 80 kinds of compounds, such as esters, alcohols, and aldehydes, were detected by GC-IMS and HS-SPME-GC-MS in six flue-cured tobacco varieties, respectively.

Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation to reveal the anti-growth mechanism of panaxadiol against glioblastoma via calcium signaling.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor and is relatively common among malignant brain tumors in adults. Its rapid proliferation and significant invasiveness make its treatment one of the major challenges in brain tumor research. Panaxadiol, a compound extracted from ginseng roots, has been found to have significant therapeutic effects on various types of tumors.

[Analysis of hematological characteristics of patients with three common deletional β-thalassemias and concomitant α-thalassemia in Huizhou, Guangdong province].

Objective: To analyze the hematological characteristics of patients with three common deletional β-thalassemia and concomitant α-thalassemia in Huizhou, Guangdong province.

Methods: A total of 1 335 subjects of childbearing age with hemoglobin F (Hb F) ≥ 5% at the Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital between June 2014 and December 2023 were enrolled as our study cohort. The hematological parameters were determined by blood cell counters and automatic capillary electrophoresis, while liquid phase chip and gap-PCR were employed for the detection of routine thalassemias and the three common deletional β-thalassemia, respectively.

Preliminary investigation of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase as an HBV-specific biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis.

BackgroundNicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a metabolic enzyme in the liver, has been implicated in various biological processes, and its high expression in hepatocellular carcinoma has been linked to tumor metastasis and poor prognosis. However, its potential as a serum biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis remains unexplored.MethodsA total of 172 subjects were included in this study, consisting of 71 hepatocellular carcinoma patients (64 with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and 7 with non-HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma), as well as 70 healthy controls and 31 HBV-infected individuals.

Machine learning technique-based four-autoantibody test for early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter, retrospective study with a nested case-control study.

Background: Autoantibodies represent promising diagnostic blood-based biomarkers that may be generated prior to the first clinically detectable signs of cancers. In present study, we aimed to identify a novel optimized autoantibody panel with high diagnostic accuracy for clinical and preclinical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Methods: We identified potential autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens with serological proteome analysis.

Comprehensive Characterization of Aroma Profile of "Glutinous Rice" Flavor in Using HS-SPME-GC-O-MS and HS-GC-IMS Technology Coupled with OAV.

Pandan leaves have a prominent glutinous-rice aroma; however, few studies have explored their volatile aroma compound composition. Herein, the differences in the volatile aroma components of fresh and dried pandan leaves were investigated for the first time using HS-SPME-GC-O-MS combined with principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, and HS-GC-IMS with aroma fingerprinting. A total of 93 volatile compounds were identified, exceeding previous reports, including 43 main flavor components with odor activity values (OAV) > 1.

Cocrystallization of amantadine hydrochloride with nutrient: Insights into directed self- assembly and optimized biopharmaceutical character by integrating theory and experiment.

In order to make full use of the advantages of phenolic acid nutraceutical p-coumaric acid (COA) in cocrystallizing with antiviral medication amantadine hydrochloride (ADH), further get innovative insights into assembling ADH-nutraceutical cocrystal and optimizing biopharmaceutical characters of ADH by combining experiment with theory, a novel cocrystal, ADH-COA, is prepared and structurally characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirms that the cocrystal consists of COA and ADH molecules in a 1:2 ratio, building a three-dimensional supramolecular network strengthened by charge-assisted hydrogen bonds and tightly packed patterns, which is distinguished by two distinct conformations H-1 and H-2 arising from neutral COA molecules with different counter-ions of ADH within the lattice. These features endow the cocrystal with promoting charge dispersion and polarity reduction, resulting in 37.

Cancer cell-derived arginine fuels polyamine biosynthesis in tumor-associated macrophages to promote immune evasion.

Arginine metabolism reshapes the tumor microenvironment (TME) into a pro-tumor niche through complex metabolic cross-feeding among various cell types. However, the key intercellular metabolic communication that mediates the collective effects of arginine metabolism within the TME remains unclear. Here, we reveal that the metabolic interplay between cancer cells and macrophages plays a dominant role in arginine-driven breast cancer progression.

Mechanism of the GALNT family proteins in regulating tumorigenesis and development of lung cancer (Review).

Lung cancer is one of the most common and lethal malignant tumors. Currently, surgical resection is the most effective treatment for early-stage lung cancer, and often results in favorable recovery outcomes. Therefore, early detection and control of lung cancer occurrence, invasion and metastasis are crucial for improving patient survival rates.

Clinical Application of Intelligent Pain Management Program in Patients With Postherpetic Neuralgia Patients.

Background: Effective pain management is crucial for treating and caring for individuals with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). A systematic pain management program for this condition has not been established.

Purpose: To assess the clinical effectiveness of an intelligent pain management (IPM) program for patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).

Comprehensive Characterization of Aroma Compounds in Four Different Varieties of Cigar Tobacco Leaves from China Using HS-SPME-GC × GC-TOF-MS Combined with Flavor Profiling.

In order to conduct in-depth research on the stylistic characteristics of different varieties of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs), we have carried out the following research work: first, the Soxhlet extraction method was utilized for the pretreatment of 4 different varieties of CTLs currently available in China. Then, the two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS) technology was applied for the nontargeted flavoromics analysis of CTLs. A total of 2117 volatile compounds were identified in the extracts of the 4 CTLs varieties, encompassing alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and their derivatives, esters, hydrocarbons, alkenes, heterocyclic compounds, and aromatics.

Design of the Inhibitors for Pseudorabies Virus Replication by Reinforcement Learning from HSV-1 DNA Polymerase Inhibitors.

The reintroduction of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) has led to the emergence of epidemics in some pig farms in China, resulting in significant economic losses. Moreover, the number of human infections with PRV has increased. Therefore, research into the prevention and treatment of PRV strains is imperative.

Longitudinal MRI-Driven Multi-Modality Approach for Predicting Pathological Complete Response and B Cell Infiltration in Breast Cancer.

Accurately predicting pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) in breast cancer remains challenging due to tumor heterogeneity. This study enrolled 2279 patients across 12 centers and develops a novel multi-modality model integrating longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spatial habitat radiomics, transcriptomics, and single-cell RNA sequencing for predicting pCR. By analyzing tumor subregions on multi-timepoint MRI, the model captures dynamic intra-tumoral heterogeneity during NAT.

TDAG: A multi-agent framework based on dynamic Task Decomposition and Agent Generation.

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has inspired the development of LLM-based agents capable of addressing complex, real-world tasks. However, these agents often struggle during task execution due to methodological constraints, such as error propagation and limited adaptability. To address this issue, we propose a multi-agent framework based on dynamic Task Decomposition and Agent Generation (TDAG).