Ni-Catalyzed and Pentafluorobenzoate-Leaving-Group-Enabled Stereoselective -Aryl Glycosylation.

Inspired by the excellent stereoinduction of palladium catalytic glycosylation with glycals via an inner-sphere pathway, a nickel-catalyzed, stereoselective -aryl glycosylation has been developed for glucals bearing a pentafluorobenzoate (PFB) group at the C3 position. The extremely electron-deficient nature of PFB not only endows stronger activity compared to the traditional leaving groups but also functions as an orientation group, presumably through the strong π-π interactions with the bipyridine ligand coordinated to the nickel center, thereby enabling the β-selective formation of a -aryl glycosidic bond with aryl iodides as glycosyl acceptors under mild conditions. This method features a broad substrate scope, high efficiency, and scalability, providing a general solution to the synthesis of challenging β--glycosides.

Distribution and Age-Related Changes of IL-21 Immunopositive Cells in the Thymus of Ostrich Chicks.

Artificially reared ostriches face susceptibility to stress, infections, with mortality rates reaching 40% during the brooding phase. The thymus serves as a vital central and lymphoid immune organ, pivotal in combating external antigenic challenges and aiding in T lymphocyte differentiation. This study aims to investigate the distribution and changes of IL-21 in the thymus of African ostrich chicks, offering a morphological foundation for immune modulation and disease prevention in African ostriches.

20-Hydroxyecdysone regulates the expression of antimicrobial peptides through dorsal and relish in Helicoverpa armigera.

20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays a key role in insect development, not only regulating molting and metamorphosis but also participating in the innate immune responses. The regulation of immunity by 20E varies among different insect species. The pathway and mechanism of 20E regulates immunity in the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) remain unclear.

Ancient allopolyploidy and specific subgenomic evolution drove the radiation of poplars and willows.

Allopolyploidy involves the fusion of genomes from different lineages through hybridization and chromosome doubling. However, detecting early allopolyploidy events and understanding the specific subgenomic evolution that contributes to the origin of adaptive innovations for species radiation can be challenging. Here, we present genomes representing all three subfamilies of Salicaceae, a woody model clade, and collect epigenetic and transcriptomic samples.

Lead iodide crystal arrangement modulation promotes preferential growth of perovskite orientation for efficient and stable solar cells.

The sequential deposition process has been widely employed to fabricate perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its favorable operability. However, the random orientation of perovskite (PVK) films resulting from the rapid and unregulated solid-liquid reaction poses a significant challenge to enhancing the performance of PSCs prepared via the sequential deposition process. This study proposes a strategy for manipulating the arrangement pattern of lead iodide (PbI₂) crystals to regulate the orientation and uniformity of PVK films.

Enantioseparation and Stereoselective Fungicidal Activity of Fenoxanil Stereoisomer against .

Fenoxanil is a chiral amide fungicide mixture that comprises two enantiomeric pairs. This study describes the baseline separation of fenoxanil stereoisomers via ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry using a Lux Cellulose-3 chiral column. The absolute configuration of the fenoxanil stereoisomers was confirmed via electronic circular dichroism.

Toxic effects of flufenacet on zebrafish at various developmental stages.

Flufenacet is an aryloxy acetamide herbicide. The potential risks of flufenacet to the aquatic ecosystem remain unclear. In this study, the acute toxicity and developmental toxic effects of flufenacet on zebrafish (Danio rerio) were assessed at three different life stages: embryo, larvae, and adult.

The synthesis of nitric oxide regulated by JNK pathway in the pea aphid to defend against bacterial infection.

Compared to other insects, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum exhibits limited immune responses, particularly due to the absence of many immune genes, including those encoding antimicrobial peptides and key components of the IMD pathway. Prior studies proved that the conserved signaling, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, plays a critical role in the immune system of the pea aphid, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is required for the pea aphid's defense against infections. Herein, using in vitro biochemical assays and in vivo bioassays, we demonstrated that the JNK pathway directly regulates the expression of NOS and that the JNK pathway-NOS-NO signal axis is efficient in defending against bacterial infections.

JNK-TOR signaling mediates production of winged offspring induced by infection in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum.

Non-immune defenses against pathogens and parasites are of particular importance for animals that have incomplete immune systems, such as aphids. Production of winged offspring that are able to fly away from danger in response to infection is one of the non-immune defensing strategies. However, the signaling mediating winged offspring production induced by infection is largely unknown so far.

Insulin autoantibodies, D-dimer and microalbuminuria: A cross-sectional, case-control study of type 2 diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often leads to vascular complications, such as albuminuria. The role of insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and their interaction with D-dimer in this context remains unclear.

Aim: To investigate the characteristics of IAA and its effect on albuminuria in T2DM patients.

Odor impact patterns and health risks of various enterprises in the rubber product manufacturing industry.

The rubber product manufacturing (RPM) industry generates a large number of odor complaints because persistent and distinctive volatile compounds are released during the associated processes. Such compounds represent a nuisance and may pose health risks to nearby residents. Extensive monitoring and sampling identified 146 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 20 enterprises across 6 subcategories of the RPM industry.

Enantioselective Degradation and Processing Factors of Seven Chiral Pesticides During the Processing of Wine and Rice Wine.

Chiral pesticides often undergo enantioselective degradation during food fermentation. In this study, the enantioselective fates of seven chiral pesticides during processing of wine and rice wine were investigated. The results revealed that R-metalaxyl, R-mefentrifluconazole and S-hexaconazole were preferentially degraded during wine processing with EF values of 0.

Macrophage NLRP3-dependent IL-1β production contributes to aortic fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Fibrosis is the main pathological feature of aortic stiffness, which is a common extracardiac comorbidity of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and a contributor to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Systemic low-grade inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HFpEF and the development of vascular fibrosis. In this study, we investigate the inflammatory mechanism of aortic fibrosis in HFpEF using a novel mouse model.

RGD peptide-conjugated polydopamine nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin for combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy in thyroid cancer.

Objective: To construct polydopamine (PDA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) for combined chemotherapy (CT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of thyroid tumors by conjugating doxorubicin (DOX) via Schiff base reaction and decorating with RGD peptide.

Methods: PDA NPs were synthesized using dopamine hydrochloride (DA) as the raw material and reacted with DOX-PEG-NH to obtain PDA-DOX NPs. Subsequently, RGD peptide was coupled with PDA-DOX NPs for modification.

Single von Willebrand factor C-domain protein-2 confers immune defense against bacterial infections in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Single-domain von Willebrand factor type C proteins (SVWCs), primarily found in arthropods, responds to infections caused by various pathogens. Three SVWCs have been identified in the silkworm and BmSVWC2 might play a crucial role in the immune system. However, the regulatory mechanism of BmSVWC2 remains largely unknown.

A Glutathione-Consuming Bimetallic Nano-Bomb with the Combination of Photothermal and Chemodynamic Therapy for Tumors: An in vivo and in vitro Study.

Background: Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) faces challenges of low catalytic ion efficiency and ROS production. We developed a ROS nano-bomb, Cu/ZIF-8@GA-Fe, to address these issues.

Methods: The nano-bomb was synthesized by doping copper into ZIF-8 and assembling Fe and gallic acid (GA).

Association of Midnight Cortisol Level with Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To investigate the association of the midnight cortisol level with bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This study included 249 T2DM patients (148 males with an average age of 53.8 years and 101 postmenopausal females with an average age of 63.

The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway contributes to the defense against bacterial infection in the pea aphid.

The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling is activated by infections of bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites and mediated cellular and humoral immune responses. In the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum little is known about the function of JAK/STAT signaling in its immune system. In this study, we first showed that expression of genes in the JAK/STAT signaling, including the receptors Domeless1/2, Janus kinase (JAK) and transcriptional factor Stat92E, is up-regulated upon bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and fungus Beauveria bassiana infections.

The neuroprotective effects of SFGDI on sirtuin 3-related oxidative stress by regulating the Sirt3/SOD/ROS pathway and energy metabolism in BV2 cells.

Recently, the investigation of neuroprotective peptides has gained attention in addressing memory impairment and cognitive decline. Although the potential neuroprotective peptide Serine-Phenylalanine-Glycine-Aspartic acid-Isoleucine (SFGDI) has been identified from sea cucumber, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study was conducted to explore the neuroprotection of SFGDI against 3-TYP-induced oxidative stress in BV2 cells.

Digestive and Absorptive Properties of the Antarctic Krill Tripeptide Phe-Pro-Phe (FPF) and Its Auxiliary Memory-Enhancing Effect.

Aging and stress have contributed to the development of memory disorders. Phe-Pro-Phe (FPF) was identified with high stability by mass spectrometry from simulated gastrointestinal digestion and everted gut sac products of the Antarctic krill peptide Ser-Ser-Asp-Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro-Phe-Arg (SSDAFFPFR) which was found to have a positive impact on memory enhancement. This study investigated the digestive stability, absorption, and memory-enhancing effects of FPF using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, fluorescence distribution analysis, mouse behavioral experiments, acetylcholine function, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry.

Subgenome-aware analyses reveal the genomic consequences of ancient allopolyploid hybridizations throughout the cotton family.

Malvaceae comprise some 4,225 species in 243 genera and nine subfamilies and include economically important species, such as cacao, cotton, durian, and jute, with cotton an important model system for studying the domestication of polyploids. Here, we use chromosome-level genome assemblies from representatives of five or six subfamilies (depending on the placement of ) to differentiate coexisting subgenomes and their evolution during the family's deep history. The results reveal that the allohexaploid Helicteroideae partially derive from an allotetraploid Sterculioideae and also form a component of the allodecaploid Bombacoideae and Malvoideae.

Regulation mechanisms of sea cucumber peptides against scopolamine-induced memory disorder and novel memory-improving peptides identification.

Memory impairment affects cognition and information processing, and attention, leading to a decline in life quality of patients. Previous studies have shown the memory-improving effects of sea cucumber peptides. This study further explored the memory-improving mechanisms of sea cucumber peptides using scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mice and identified novel memory-improving peptides within low molecular weight peptide fractions.

Functionalizing Janus-structured TiB unveils exceptional capacity and performance in lithium-ion battery anodes.

With the ever-growing demand for high-capacity energy storage technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have drawn increasing attention. TiB, a typical two-dimensional MBenes material, has been considered as a strong contender for anode materials of LIBs with significant performance. However, the limited Li storage capacity of MBenes has hindered its wide applications.