A monolithically integrated near-infrared imager with crystallization- and oxidation-modulated tin-lead perovskites.

The fast crystallization and facile oxidation of Sn of tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskites are the biggest challenges for their applications in high-performance near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors and imagers. Here, we introduce a multifunctional diphenyl sulfoxide (DPSO) molecule into perovskite precursor ink to response these issues by revealing its strong binding interactions with the precursor species. The regulated perovskite film exhibits a dense morphology, reduced defect density and prolonged carrier diffusion length.

Van der Waals β-GaO thin films on polycrystalline diamond substrates.

The self-heating effect in wide bandgap semiconductor devices makes epitaxial GaO on diamond substrates crucial for thermal management. However, the lack of wafer-scale single-crystal diamond and severe lattice mismatch limit its industrial application. This study presents van der Waals β-GaO (VdW-β-GaO) grown on high-thermal-conductivity polycrystalline diamond.

Comparative efficacy and safety of ultra-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (S-PCNL) remains the gold standard for > 2 cm renal stones but carries hemorrhage/sepsis risks. Ultra-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (UM-PCNL) uses smaller tracts (11-14 Fr vs. 24-30 Fr) to reduce complications, yet efficacy/safety for 1.

Defect-Targeted Repair for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Using 2-Chlorocinnamic Acid.

Metal halide perovskites have appeared as a promising semiconductor for high-efficiency and low-cost photovoltaic technologies. However, their performance and long-term stability are dramatically constrained by defects at the surface and grain boundaries of polycrystalline perovskite films formed during the processing. Herein, we propose a defect-targeted passivation strategy using 2-chlorocinnamic acid (2-Cl) to simultaneously enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

Noise-tolerance detection of high-frequency dynamic targets with mid-infrared thermal radiation via intra-cavity enhanced upconversion.

Broadband and highly sensitive mid-infrared (MIR) light detection and imaging play a crucial role in environmental monitoring, gas detection, biomedical applications, and national defense security. However, the detection of high-frequency, long-distance dynamic targets with MIR thermal emission is still limited by the long response time of commercial detectors and intense environmental noise. Here, we demonstrate a noise-tolerance intra-cavity enhanced broadband MIR upconversion system by counting the upconverted lights through a high-sensitivity single photon detector.

The correlation between obesity and the occurrence and development of breast cancer.

This study reviews the mechanisms by which obesity affects the development and progression of breast cancer (BC). The association between obesity and BC is mainly due to three aspects: disruption of glycolipid metabolism, abnormal cell function and imbalance of adipokine levels. The dysregulation of glycolipid metabolism caused by obesity, including the accumulation of cholesterol and fatty acids and the reprogramming of glucose metabolism, promotes the growth and invasion of tumour cells.

Research on a Novel AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid Based on Silicon Controlled Converters and Polarity Reversal Switches.

In order to reduce the economic costs, enhance the efficiency, and improve the structural stability of microgrids, this paper proposes a novel AC/DC hybrid microgrid structure. This structure, based on Silicon Controlled Converters (SCCs) and Polarity Reversal Switches (PRSs), enables bidirectional power flow and provides a low-cost and straightforward control solution. This paper elaborates on the overall control strategy of the microgrid under different states of the PRS and introduces the control logic of the Current Reversible Chopper (CRC) circuit.

Dynamic Analysis and Robust Strategy for the Delayed Paradoxical Cell Population Control Circuit.

Synthetic paradoxical control circuits have been used to regulate cell population density. However, paradoxical interactions and inherent time delays in these circuits complicate stable population control due to their effects on system dynamics. This article proposes a strategy to achieve robust population control by analyzing the bistable switching and oscillatory behavior in a delayed paradoxical cell population control circuit.

Modulating competitive adsorption of hybrid self-assembled molecules for efficient wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells and tandems.

The employment of self-assembled molecular hybrid could improve buried interface in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the interplay among hybrid self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) during the deposition process has not been well-studied. Herein, we study the interaction between co-adsorbents and commonly used SAM material, [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz) for wide-bandgap (WBG) PSCs.

Buried Grating Enables Fast Response Self-Powered Polarization-Sensitive Perovskite Photodetectors for High-Speed Optical Communication and Polarization Imaging.

Polarization-sensitive perovskite photodetectors (PSPPDs) have demonstrated great potential for acquiring multidimensional data in remote sensing, security, and optical communication fields. However, requirements of external power supplies and polarization systems, slow response, and poor long-term stability restrict PSPPDs' further development. Herein, a self-powered PSPPD with buried grating structures induced by ultrafast laser direct writing is designed.

Impact of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Encapsulation on the Photophysical Dynamics of MAPbI Perovskite Crystals.

Metal halide perovskites are known to suffer from instability due to their high sensitivity to external stimuli. Although encapsulation can considerably improve their stability, the impact of encapsulation on the intrinsic photophysical properties of perovskites remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) encapsulation on the photoluminescence (PL) dynamics of MAPbI perovskite crystals at the individual crystal level.

Ultrafast Exciton Formation in Perovskite Quantum Rods.

Investigating exciton formation in semiconductor materials is essential for efficient light-to-energy conversion applications. Exciton formation has been extensively studied in two-dimensional materials but is rarely observed in single quantum systems. Here, we construct one-dimensional CsPbBr quantum rods (QRs) with two confined dimensions and one unconfined dimension.

Asymmetric metabolic adaptations undermine stability in microbial syntrophy.

Syntrophic interaction, driven by metabolite exchange, is widespread within microbial communities. However, co-inoculation of most auxotrophic microorganisms often fails to establish a stable metabolite exchange relationship. Here, we engineered two auxotrophic strains, each dependent on the other for essential amino acid production, to investigate the dynamics of syntrophic relationships.

Nitrogen addition accelerates aboveground biomass sequestration in old-growth forests by stimulating ectomycorrhizal tree growth.

Examining whether nitrogen (N) enrichment promotes secondary tree growth in both young (YF) and old-growth forests (OF) is crucial. This will help determine how N addition influences plant carbon sequestration across successional phases in temperate forests. We conducted an eight-year N addition experiment (0, 25, 50, 75 kg N ha yr) in YF and OF in northeast China to investigate the effects of enhanced in situ N deposition on tree growth.

A Nonaugmented Method for the Minimal Observability of Boolean Networks.

This article proposes a nonaugmented method for investigating the minimal observability problem of Boolean networks (BNs). This method can be applied to more general BNs and reduce the computational and space complexity of existing results. First, unobservable states concerning an unobservable BN are classified into three categories using the vertex-colored state transition graph, each accompanied by a necessary and sufficient condition for determining additional measurements to make them distinguishable.

Size Uniformity of CsPbBr Perovskite Quantum Dots via Manganese-Doping.

The achievement of size uniformity and monodispersity in perovskite quantum dots (QDs) requires the implementation of precise temperature control and the establishment of optimal reaction conditions. Nevertheless, the accurate control of a range of reaction variables represents a considerable challenge. This study addresses the aforementioned challenge by employing manganese (Mn) doping to achieve size uniformity in CsPbBr perovskite QDs without the necessity for the precise control of the reaction conditions.

Oscillatory Dynamics and Regulatory Mechanisms of the p53-Per2 Network in DNA-Damaged Cells.

Circadian rhythm disruptions are linked to increased cancer risk and unfavorable prognosis in patients with cancer, highlighting the critical role of the interplay between the circadian rhythm factor Per2 and the tumor suppressor p53. This brief presents, for the first time, a mathematical model to capture the dynamics of the p53-Per2 network in DNA-damaged cells. The model accurately describes the different stages of the process from unstressed cells to cellular repair and finally to apoptosis as the degree of DNA damage increases.

Enantioselective synthesis of chiral amides by carbene insertion into amide N-H bond.

Chiral amides are important structure in many natural products and pharmaceuticals, yet their efficient synthesis from simple amide feedstock remains challenge due to its weak Lewis basicity. Herein, we describe our study of the enantioselective synthesis of chiral amides by N-alkylation of primary amides taking advantage of an achiral rhodium and chiral squaramide co-catalyzed carbene N-H insertion reaction. This method features mild condition, rapid reaction rate (in all cases 1 min) and a wide substrate scope with high yield and excellent enantioselectivity.

Size-dependent photoluminescence blinking mechanisms and volume scaling of biexciton Auger recombination in single CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots.

Determining the correlation between the size of a single quantum dot (QD) and its photoluminescence (PL) properties is a challenging task. In the study, we determine the size of each QD by measuring its absorption cross section, which allows for accurate investigation of size-dependent PL blinking mechanisms and volume scaling of the biexciton Auger recombination at the single-particle level. A significant correlation between the blinking mechanism and QD size is observed under low excitation conditions.

A risk warning method for steady-state power quality based on VMD-LSTM and fuzzy model.

The risk warning for steady-state power quality in the power grid is essential for its prevention and management. However, current risk warning methods fall short in predicting the power quality trend while accounting for potential risks. Consequently, this study introduces a novel steady-state power quality risk warning method utilizing VMD-LSTM and a fuzzy model.

A Novel Control Strategy for Soft Open Point to Address Terminal Voltage Violations and Load Rate Imbalance in Low-Voltage Power Distribution Station Areas.

In low-voltage power distribution station areas (DSAs), sensor devices and communication networks are often inadequate. Therefore, the control strategies mainly used for soft open points (SOPs) based on global information in medium-voltage distribution networks are difficult to be directly applied to low-voltage DSAs. This paper proposes a novel control strategy for SOP that only requires collecting the local information of SOP and the load rate of transformers.

Dynamic Risk Assessment of Voltage Violation in Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation.

In response to the growing demand for economic and social development, there has been a significant increase in the integration of distributed generation (DG) into distribution networks. This paper proposes a dynamic risk assessment method for voltage violations in distribution networks with DG. Firstly, considering the characteristics of random variables such as load and DG, a probability density function estimation method based on boundary kernel density estimation is proposed.

Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Amides by a Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Wolff Rearrangement.

The enantioselective addition of potent nucleophiles to ketenes poses challenges due to competing background reactions and poor stereocontrol. Herein, we present a method for enantioselective phosphoric acid catalyzed amination of ketenes generated from α-aryl-α-diazoketones. Upon exposure to visible light, the diazoketones undergo Wolff rearrangement to generate ketenes.