Coverage Analysis of 5G Intelligent High-Speed Railway System Based on Beamwidth-Adaptive Free-Space Optical Communication.

The rapid development of intelligent high-speed railways (HSRs) has significantly improved the transportation efficiency of modern transit systems, while also imposing higher bandwidth demands on mobile communication systems. Free-space optical (FSO) communication technology, as a promising solution, can effectively meet the high-speed data transmission requirements in intelligent HSR scenarios. In this paper, we consider an intelligent HSR system based on beamwidth-adaptive FSO communication and investigate the coverage performance of the system.

35 T water-cooled magnet scanning tunneling microscope for in-plane magnetic field measurement.

Manipulating the direction of the magnetic field can induce various intriguing physical phenomena, such as the regulation of nematic phase and disappearance of the charge density wave. Conventional superconducting magnet-based scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs) operate with a perpendicular magnetic field direction to the sample surface, limiting their ability to investigate anisotropy of materials. Some STMs are integrated into vector magnets to achieve in-plane magnetic field conditions; however, these setups typically offer a maximum lateral magnetic field strength of less than 5 T, which is far below the critical magnetic field required for many materials.

The role of LKB1 in prostate cancer: implications for tumor progression and therapy.

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1/STK11) is a key tumor suppressor that regulates cellular metabolism, epigenetic states, and multiple signaling pathways in prostate cancer (PCa). Recent studies reveal that both genetic and non-genetic LKB1 loss drives metabolic reprogramming, lineage plasticity, and treatment resistance, mainly through dysregulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways. This review summarizes current evidence on LKB1-centered networks in PCa, highlighting the potential link between LKB1 inactivation, epigenetic remodeling, and aggressive tumor phenotypes.

Magnetic and Ferroelectric Phase Diagram of Twisted CrI_{3} Layers.

Twisting layers provide a rich ore for exotic physics in low dimensions. Despite the abundant discoveries of twistronics from the aspect of electronic structures, ferroic moiré textures are more plain and thus less concerned. Rigid lattice models are straightforward which can give a rough but intuitional description in most cases.

S-glutathionylation in cancer: from fundamental mechanisms to clinical applications.

Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol-containing antioxidant composed of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine. GSH can form a disulfide bond with the cysteine sulfhydryl group of a protein, resulting in S-glutathionylation (-SSG). S-glutathionylation is a reversible posttranslational modification that plays important roles in redox regulation, detoxification, cell signaling pathway regulation, cell death, infection and inflammation.

Effect of porphyrin structure on aroma sensing response based on DFT: A case study of black tea fermentation.

Porphyrin-based colorimetric sensing arrays (CSA) are frequently used to evaluate the black tea quality, but the mechanisms behind the interaction between porphyrin structures and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remain unclear. Six VOCs that can be used to distinguish the degree of fermentation in black tea were identified and analysed. Response surface optimisation revealed the optimal conditions for CSA: reaction temperature of 65 °C, reaction time of 8 min and dye volume of 5 μL.

Application of multi-stage fracturing stimulation based on case study of Chang-7 shale gas formation in Ordos basin.

To address the issue of low production output, additional stimulation measures are always adopted.This study analyzes the complex characteristics of the Chang-7 shale gas reservoir in the central Tianhuan Syncline, Ordos Basin. Facing challenges from reservoir heterogeneity, we implemented a multi-stage fracturing pilot in the first horizontal well (DPX) of the Chang-7 reservoir using drillable bridge plug technology and customized fracturing designs based on horizontal well multi-stage stimulation theory and multi-fracture interference mechanisms.

Role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of early-onset preeclampsia: a narrative review.

Early-onset Preeclampsia (EOPE) is a severe pregnancy complication that poses significant risks to both maternal and fetal health, often leading to fetal growth restriction and maternal morbidity. Despite extensive research, the etiology of EOPE remains unclear, though emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D (VD) may play an important role in placental development and function. Recent studies associate VD deficiency with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including EOPE, through mechanisms such as impaired trophoblast invasion and immune dysregulation at the maternal-fetal interface.

Landau Theory Description of Autferroicity.

Autferroics, recently proposed as a sister branch of multiferroics, exhibit strong intrinsic magnetoelectricity, but ferroelectricity and magnetism are mutually exclusive rather than coexisting. Here, a general model is considered based on the Landau theory, to clarify the distinction between multiferroics and autferroics by qualitative change-rotation in a Landau free energy landscape and in particular phase mapping. The TiGeSe_{3} exemplifies a factual material, whose first-principles computed Landau coefficients predict its autferroicity.

Designing Spin Symmetry for Altermagnetism with Strong Magnetoelectric Coupling.

Altermagnets, a recently identified class of collinear magnets, exhibit unique properties such as zero net magnetization and spin polarization dictated by lattice symmetry, making them a subject of intense research. In contrast to conventional strategies for inducing altermagnetism in antiferromagnets that rely on manipulating real-space symmetry, this work introduces a novel and general approach to achieving altermagnetism by modulating spin-space symmetry. Through a combination of tight-binding models and first-principles calculations, the microscopic origin of altermagnetism driven by spin-space symmetry is uncovered, and the mechanism underlying enhanced spin splitting is identified.

Noise-tolerance detection of high-frequency dynamic targets with mid-infrared thermal radiation via intra-cavity enhanced upconversion.

Broadband and highly sensitive mid-infrared (MIR) light detection and imaging play a crucial role in environmental monitoring, gas detection, biomedical applications, and national defense security. However, the detection of high-frequency, long-distance dynamic targets with MIR thermal emission is still limited by the long response time of commercial detectors and intense environmental noise. Here, we demonstrate a noise-tolerance intra-cavity enhanced broadband MIR upconversion system by counting the upconverted lights through a high-sensitivity single photon detector.

Effective anode materials for Sn@C nano-lamellar assembly with doped nanotubes in lithium-ion batteries.

Lower lithium-ion diffusion rates and significant volumetric expansion present serious challenges for using SnO/SnO composites as promising anode materials in advanced lithium-ion batteries. To address this issue, we synthesized a novel Sn@C/CNT composite from a Sn-based organometallic complex with 2-methylimidazole and oxidized multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Structural analysis has confirmed that the tin-based composites consist of nano-lamellar assemblies modified by oxidized carbon nanotubes.

Effects of Roasting Treatment on the Composition, Digestive Properties, and Antioxidant Activities of Free and Bound Phenolic in Black Tartary Buckwheat Husks.

The black tartary buckwheat husk (BTBH), a processing by-product, is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effects of roasting treatment on the composition, digestion, and antioxidant properties of free and bound phenolics in BTBH. The roasting treatment enhanced the extractability of free and bound phenolics by disrupting the grain matrix.

Ferroelastic writing of crystal directions in oxide thin films.

Crystals often have complex structural domains, but a general method to remove or deterministically control such local heterogeneity is lacking. The resulting heterogeneity in crystal orientations obscures our understanding of material properties and can reduce the reliability and performance of related applications. Here, using shear stress from an atomic force microscope tip, we ferroelastically write local crystal orientations in oxide thin films.

A Stretch-Insensitive Pressure Sensor Based on Liquid Metal Composite with a Hierarchical Conductive Network.

With the rapid advancement of soft conductor technology, stretchable pressure sensors have gained increasing attention for their potential applications in sensing physical interactions on curved and deformable surfaces such as the human body and soft robotics. However, their practical implementation remains challenged by the interference of in-plane stretching, which affects the pressure-sensing performance due to changes in the electrical properties of stretchable electrode materials and/or the deformation of sensing structures. Here, we present a liquid metal composite (LMC)-based stretch-insensitive pressure sensor (SIPS), including the LMC electrodes with a hierarchical conductive network assembled by applying an acoustic field to the LMC, and a pyramid dielectric layer with a strain-distribution design.

Long-term engraftment of human stem and progenitor cells for large-scale production of functional immune cells in engineered pigs.

Existing immunodeficient pig models have demonstrated limited success in supporting robust human haematopoietic engraftment and multilineage differentiation. Here we hypothesize that the targeted deletion of integrin-associated protein (Cd47) in severe combined immunodeficient pigs, with deletions in the X-linked interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain and recombination activating gene 1, would enable long-term haematopoietic engraftment following transplantation with human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In Cd47-deficient pigs, we observed high levels of human haematopoietic chimerism in the blood and spleen, with functional T and B lymphocytes, natural killer and myeloid cells, as well as robust thymopoiesis.

HSD17B1-mediated trophoblast differentiation lowers estrogen levels in early-onset preeclampsia.

Early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) with fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a severe hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by placental dysfunction and estrogen deficiency. Based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiling of specific placental trophoblast subtypes from EOPE-FGR and normotensive pregnancies, we identified HSD17B1, which encodes a key enzyme mediating estradiol conversion, as the central dysregulated node in EOPE pathogenesis. Multi-modal computational analysis (cluster annotation, cellular proportion calculation, comparison of differentially expressed genes, and characterization of cellular developmental trajectories) revealed key expression dynamics during syncytiotrophoblast (SCT) differentiation, with substantial suppression in EOPE specimens.

Au@Pt Nanoparticles Enhance Maturation and Contraction of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells-Derived and Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocytes.

Background: Cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise in heart damage repair in vivo and drug screening in vitro. However, PSC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibit immature structural and functional properties, which hinder their widespread application. To address this challenge, we designed bimetallic gold-platinum nanoparticles (Au@Pt NPs) endowed with intrinsic oxidase-like, peroxidase-like, and catalase-like activities and high electrical conductivity for promoting cardiomyocyte maturation.

Cyclable Micron-Sized Silicon-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries at -40 °C Enabled by Temperature-Dependent Solvation Regulation.

Micron-sized silicon (µSi) anodes hold great promise for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the rechargeable cyclability of µSi anodes at sub-zero Celsius, especially below -20 °C remains challenging, caused by the severe volume change and cracking of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during cycling. Here, the low-temperature cyclability of µSi-based LIBs is realized by using an electrolyte featured with temperature-adaptive ion-dipole interactions.

Compact design, construction, and evaluation of an in situ ±90° rotatable magnetic force microscope in a 12 T superconducting magnet.

Cryogenic magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is a powerful technique capable of resolving exotic magnetic textures with nanoscale resolution in real-space. We introduce a cryogenic rotatable MFM (CRMFM) that enables the visualization of in situ evolution of magnetic domains by rotating magnetic samples between -90° and +90° within a 12 T superconducting magnet. By continuously rotating the sample under an external magnetic field, the direction of the magnetic field can be varied from out-of-plane to in-plane, enabling microscopic analysis experiments that require vector magnetic fields within the CRMFM system.

A >200 Wh kg anode-free Na pouch battery at -40°C enabled by manipulating electrolyte equilibrium.

Cryogenic energy-dense batteries are essential for cold-climate applications. Anode-free configuration raises great opportunities for maximizing the cell-level energy density of batteries. However, high energy density of low-temperature anode-free batteries is still plagued by the lack of competent electrolytes with combined high compatibility towards metal anode and stability at high voltages.

Advanced lightweight deep learning vision framework for efficient pavement damage identification.

Pavement crack serves as a crucial indicator of road condition, directly associated with subsequent pavement deterioration. To address the demand for large-scale real-time pavement damage assessment, this study proposes a lightweight pavement damage detection model based on YOLOv5s (LPDD-YOLO). Initially, a lightweight feature extraction network, FasterNet, is adopted to reduce the number of parameters and computational complexity.

Self-Restoration of a Wrinkled HfZrO Ferroelectric Membrane.

Ferroelectric oxides are generally prone to brittle deformation, which impedes their applicability in flexible devices. Using a damage-free peel-off process, we successfully synthesized wrinkled 10 nm thick membranes of zirconium-doped hafnium oxide HfZrO (HZO). We studied their self-restoration dynamics via in situ scanning probe microscopy.

A Multiple Biological Activities Cyclopeptide From Endophytic Fungus Phaeosphaeria Sp. XXH003 of the Marine Conus literatus.

Chemical investigation of the endophytic fungus Phaeosphaeria sp. XXH003 isolated from Conus literatus was conducted. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as ergosterol (1), β-sitosterol (2), ergosterol peroxide (3), ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (4), 1,1'-oxybis(2,4-di-tert-butylbenzene) (5), 5-[(1S)-1-hydroxybutyl]-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6), quinolactacin C1/C2 (7/8), cyclodepsipeptide Sch 217048 (9), linoleic acid (10), and oleic acid (11), respectively.

Siblicide between fertilized and unfertilized ovaries within the maize ear.

Evolutionarily, plants overproduce ovaries but selectively eliminate those inferiors to ensure competitive offspring to set. This sibling rivalry, reducing grain number, is detrimental agronomically. However, the interaction between early-fertilized and unfertilized ovaries in sequentially-pollinated panicles is unclear.