Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass for Cooking and Effects on Blood Pressure: Results from the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial.

Background: Exposure to household air pollution from burning coal and biomass for cooking is associated with higher blood pressure and other adverse indicators of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Evidence demonstrating that switching from biomass to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) will reduce blood pressure is limited.

Methods: As part of a larger trial of 3200 households, we conducted a randomized trial of 342 women aged 40 to 79 years who lived in households using biomass for cooking in rural areas of Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda to assess the effects of a free LPG stove and fuel intervention.

Euphebranes A-G: higher diterpenoids from the radix of Euphorbia ebracteolata.

Phytochemical investigation of roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata led to ten higher diterpenoids including seven undescribed ones (1-7) and three analogues (8-10), accompanied by four derivatives (7a and 9a-9c) obtained via chemical correlation. Notably, compound 1 represents a rare dinor-ent-isopimarane diterpenoid. Their structures were fully characterized using a combination of spectroscopic, ECD, chemical, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction means.

Evidence-based summary of the prevention and management of constipation in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: To summarize the best evidence for preventing and managing constipation in Parkinson's disease (PD) and provide practical guidance for healthcare professionals.

Methods: Guided by the "6S" model, a comprehensive, top-down search of relevant literature was conducted. The search included ten clinical guideline repositories, six professional association websites, and seven academic literature databases.

Household air pollution and blood pressure among adult women participants of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial: An exposure-response analysis.

Background: Exposure to air pollutants, like fine particulate matter (PM), has been linked to higher blood pressure (BP). Few studies have examined this association in biomass-dependent settings. We seek to determine whether high exposure during a 16 month period was associated with an increase in BP among older adult women over the study period and to determine whether short-term increases in exposure were associated with higher coincident blood pressure.

Spatial and temporal distribution measurements of atmospheric coherence length by moiré deflectometry with double cross gratings.

The atmospheric coherence length reflects turbulence effects and is a crucial parameter for atmospheric propagation and adaptive optics. In this paper, moiré deflectometry based on double-cross gratings has, for the first time to our knowledge, been implemented to achieve the measurements of the spatial-temporal distribution of atmospheric coherence length. Initially, the theoretical relationship between phase and atmospheric coherence length is established.

Extraction of phase information for moiré fringes based on adaptive wavelet basis frequency.

As a critical step in moiré tomography, the extraction of phase information directly impacts the accuracy and resolution of the results. In this study, an adaptive wavelet basis frequency selection method is proposed for extracting the phase information of moiré fringes. The theories of wavelet basis frequency selection are derived based on the moiré fringe intensity distribution, followed by numerical simulations that demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of our method.

Fringe phase extraction with one step by using deep learning.

Phase extraction from fringes is crucial for various optical measurement techniques. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based phase extraction (DLPE) method to directly extract the true phase of optical fringes in a single step without the need for phase unwrapping, leveraging the advantages of deep learning in intelligent image perception. The proposed method's validity is confirmed by experiments with simulated fringes and application in extracting phase information under a real flow field using moiré deflectometry.

Performance of a four deep neural network structure in moiré fringe intelligent analysis.

Moiré fringe analysis holds significant importance in the assessment of flow fields, while deep learning is advancing rapidly and is frequently employed to handle complex computational challenges. In this paper, the performance of U-net, Unet++, Unet 3+, and ResUnet in moiré fringe analysis is compared and analyzed. The results indicate significant differences among the four neural networks in terms of the training time, prediction speed, prediction accuracy, and generalization capability regarding positional variations.

Whole Transcriptomic Identification and Characterization of Potential ceRNA Regulatory Networks in Perirenal Adipose Tissue of Type-2-Diabetic Mellitus SD Rats With Diabetic Nephropathy.

This study induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats, analyzing perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) via whole transcriptome sequencing to identify key mRNAs in DN pathogenesis. Type-2 diabetes was induced in SD rats, evaluating metabolic and renal indicators. Whole transcriptome sequencing identified differentially expressed RNAs in PRAT.

Endothelial soluble epoxide hydrolase links polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism to oxidative stress and atherosclerosis progression.

Atheroslcerosis manifests as localized lesions within the vascular tree, preferentially affecting arteries at branch points, the outer wall of bifurcations and the inner walls of curvatures. Such spatial localized sensitivity to atherosclerosis, can be partially attributed to endothelial cell heterogeneity which compromises vascular fitness and contributes to the pathogenesis of the diseases. Here we identified that in a subcluster of aortic endothelial cells characterized with atheroprone gene signatures, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) metabolic enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is selectively upregulated.

Intelligent Moiré deflection tomography using physically processed deep learning.

Moiré tomography is a vital technique for diagnosing high-temperature and complex flow fields. However, traditional information extraction and reconstruction methods lead to significant time and resource expenditures. In this paper, we propose a Deep Learning-based Moiré Deflection Tomography (DLMDT) method that achieves high-precision predictions of the refractive index distribution in measured flow fields while ensuring the results align closely with physical principles.

Exposure-response relationship of household air pollution on body mass index among women in rural areas of Guatemala, India, Peru and Rwanda: household air pollution intervention network trial.

Background: Household air pollution from burning biomass materials, the main cooking fuel in low- and middle-income countries, may be linked to metabolic dysfunction. We assessed cross-sectional associations between household air pollution and body mass index (BMI), expecting to see increased BMI with higher pollution concentrations.

Methods: We analyzed data from 414 women aged 40 to 79 years who resided in the households using biomass fuel and were enrolled in the multi-country Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial.

Education or sedation? A randomized clinical trial of impact on procedural pain and satisfaction during regional block placement, and the moderating effect of pain catastrophizing.

Background: Preoperative peripheral nerve block placement can involve both procedural pain and psychological distress, which practitioners treat using both sedation and education/reassurance. The experience of pain may be potently modulated by baseline pain catastrophizing (presence of rumination, magnification, and helplessness). This randomized clinical trial assessed whether the treatment effect of sedation vs education/reassurance on procedural nerve block pain and satisfaction varied for patients with different baseline pain catastrophizing scores.

Employment status as a predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: Lack of employment is associated with a poorer prognosis when compared to employment in the general population. Whether this association is present in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and similarly extends to adverse cardiovascular outcomes in those with CAD remains unknown. Herein, we analyzed the association of employment status and adverse outcomes in patients with CAD.

Resting-state intrinsic network connectivity and mind wandering: Insights from tasks with varying demands.

Objective: Recent research has uncovered that mind wandering, as evaluated through a mind wandering questionnaire, is linked to heightened functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) and increased functional connectivity between the DMN and the frontoparietal control network (FPCN). However, limited research has focused on the association between mind wandering and resting-state network functional connectivity in relation to task demands.

Method: This study aimed to address this issue by collecting data on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging images and mind wandering during 0-back and 1-back tasks outside the scanner ( = 93).

Association between Personal Exposure to Household Air Pollution and Glycated Hemoglobin among Women in Rural Areas of Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda: Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial.

Background: Household air pollution from biomass cookstoves is a major concern in low- and middle-income countries because it may be linked with increasing rates of metabolic disorders such as diabetes. We assessed cross-sectional associations between household air pollution concentrations and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.

Methods: We analyzed data from 346 women 40 to years of age who cooked with biomass fuel and were enrolled in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda.

Predictors of Personal Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter, Black Carbon, and Carbon Monoxide among Pregnant Women in Rwanda: Baseline Data from the HAPIN Trial.

Background: Exposure to household air pollution from the combustion of solid fuels is a leading risk factor for death and disease in low- and middle-income countries, where cleaner cooking and lighting options are often unavailable. Few studies have measured personal exposure during pregnancy, a sensitive period of development, particularly in Africa.

Objective: We aimed to characterize exposure during early to midpregnancy among women in Rwanda and to assess predictors of personal exposure, including stove and fuel type, cooking behaviors, housing conditions, sociodemographic characteristics, and other potential sources of exposure.

Short-Term Effects of Various Contact Lenses on Accommodative Function in Myopic Children.

Purpose: To assess the short-term impact of different types of contact lenses on accommodation in the same group of myopic children compared with single-vision spectacle lenses.

Methods: Thirty myopic children aged 10.2 ± 1.

Impact of Dietary Behavioural Changes on Prognosis of Postoperative Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: In recent years, the incidence of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma has been increasing, becoming a major focus of public attention. Despite surgery being the primary treatment method, the long-term prognosis after surgery is also of significant importance. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of dietary behaviour changes on the long-term prognosis of patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma after surgery.

Recognizing pain phenotypes: biopsychosocial sources of variability in the transition to chronic postsurgical pain.

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a cause of new chronic pain, with a wide range of reported incidence. Previous longitudinal studies suggest that development of CPSP may depend more on the constellation of risk factors around a patient (pre-existing pain phenotype) rather than on the extent of surgical injury itself. The biopsychosocial model of pain outlines a broad array of factors that modulate the severity, longevity, and impact of pain.

Analyzing the spectrum characteristics of a double-grating transmission scheme.

In this paper, the spectral characteristics formed by a double-grating transmission scheme are discussed based on the scalar diffraction theory. First, considering two different grating periods, the angular spectrum at the back of the second grating is obtained. Then, the spectral characteristics are discussed with three different periodic conditions, while it is proved that the spatial distribution and spacing of the spectrum are absolutely determined by the grating constants and angles.

The correlation between serum MHR and NLR and the severity of coronary lesions in NSTE-ACS patients of different genders.

Background: To study the relationship between the monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and coronary artery stenosis in Non-st-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS) patients of different genders.

Methods: A total of 253 control and 800 NSTE-ACS patients were included, and clinic data (29 items) were also collected. NSTE-ACS patients were divided into low-risk (0-23) and high-risk (≥ 23) groups based on the Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score.

Comparison of two-year myopia control efficacy between spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets and orthokeratology lenses.

Purpose: To compare the two-year efficacy of spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) and orthokeratology (OK) lenses in managing myopia in children.

Methods: This retrospective study examined medical records from the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, involving 1683 HAL users and 1192 OK users. Participants were children aged 8-13 with a refractive error of -0.

Comparison of different pain management strategies during the perioperative period of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate and compare different postoperative pain management strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), in order to provide scientific evidence for clinical practice and decision-making.

Methods: A total of 274 ESCC patients who underwent surgery at the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included in the study.