Significantly Large Negative Ion Formation in Grazing Scattering of Neutral Deuterium and Tritium Atoms from a CsI(100) Surface.

We present the theoretical evidence of the formation of significantly large fractions of negative ions during grazing scattering of deuterium (D) and tritium (T) atoms from a CsI(100) surface. The negative ion conversion efficiency increases to an impressive ≥50%, and the maximum value even reaches 86% and 82% within projectile velocity ranges of ∈ [0.15,0.

State- and time-resolved observation of ultrafast intermolecular proton transfer in hydrated biomolecules.

Proton transfer underpins number of chemical and biochemical processes, yet its sub-100 fs dynamics have rarely been captured in real time. Here, we report direct and time-resolved observation of ionizing radiation-induced proton transfer in a heteroaromatic hydrate: the pyrrole-water complex. Both the electron-impact and strong-field laser experiments create a locally and doubly charged pyrrole unit (CHN), which immediately (within 60 fs) donates a proton to the adjacent HO, generating deprotonated CHN and hydronium HO cations that subsequently undergo Coulomb explosion.

Electronic Modulation of Bismuth by g-CN Constructs Electron-Enriched Active Sites for Accelerated CO Electroreduction to Formate.

Electrochemical reduction of CO (ECORR) to formate represents a promising approach to achieving carbon neutrality, yet it faces significant challenges due to the low adsorption efficiency of the CO intermediates. In this study, we developed a highly dispersed electron-rich Bi metal catalyst, utilizing low-cost g-CN as a nonmetallic support and electron donor. This design created a conductive network and a multielectron environment around the Bi atoms that facilitated dynamic interfacial charge transfer from g-CN to Bi, thus enhancing the catalytic efficiency of active sites.

Negative Ion Conversion by Neutral Carbon Atoms Grazing Scattering from the KI(100) Surface.

In this work, we performed a theoretical calculation of the negative ion conversion by a neutral carbon atom beam grazing scattering from the KI(100) surface. The Madelung potential, image potential, and ML-polarization interaction contributions are included in the calculation of the electron capture energy defect of the valence band near surface anion sites along the projectile incidence direction. The loss of the formed negative ions does not originate from the electron loss to the unoccupied conduction band or neutral exciton states but results from the Coulomb barrier tunneling detachment of the loosely bound affinity electron to the vacuum level during the interaction with surface lattice anion sites.

Experimental Evidence for Double Intermolecular Coulombic Decay in Bio-Relevant Molecular Dimers.

We report the experimental observation of double intermolecular Coulombic decay (dICD) and reveal its potential for radiation biology in some prototypical molecular dimers consisting of benzene, pyridine, and water. In dICD, the inner-shell vacancy is filled by an electron from an outer shell and the energy released is transferred to doubly ionize the neighboring molecule with the emission of two low-energy electrons. The system further relaxes by a three-body Coulomb explosion process, e.

Weak monsoon signals detected in growth chronologies of lake fish on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Understanding the variation in fish growth responses to climate change across regions is essential for predicting fish population dynamics and relevant ecological consequences on a large scale. Despite the demonstrated sensitivity of fish growth responses to climate change on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), the geographical variations in these responses remain unclear. This study analyzed the growth responses of schizothoracine fish to environmental variables in four geographically distinct QTP lakes (Qinghai Lake, Yamdrok Lake, Pangong Tso, and Co Nag) using otolith biochronologies and hierarchical mixed-effects modeling and quantified the relative contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to fish growth variations.

Review of bamboo-feeding leafhoppers of the genus Mukaria (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) in China, with description two new species.

Two new species, Mukaria creagra Zhao, Luo & Chen sp. nov. and Mukaria striola Zhao, Luo & Chen sp.

Te L-subshell x-ray emission induced by lower energy H ions.

The L-shell x-ray emission of tellurium induced by H ions impact is investigated in an energy range of 150-300 keV. The blue shifts of various L-subshell x rays and the enhancement of the relative intensity ratios of Lι, Lβ to Lα x ray are observed and interpreted by the multiple ionization of outer-shell electrons. The new experimental x-ray production cross sections, which almost correspond to those of protons with half of the original energy, are extracted and compared with various theoretical estimations.

Experimental observation of the electron beam focusing effect induced by plasma currents with opposite directions.

We report on the experimental observation of the focusing effect of a 50MeV accelerator electron beam in a gas-discharge plasma target. The plasma is generated by igniting an electric discharge in two collinear quartz tubes, with the currents up to 1.5kA flowing in opposite directions in either of the two tubes.

Generation of High-Density High-Polarization Positrons via Single-Shot Strong Laser-Foil Interaction.

We put forward a novel method for producing ultrarelativistic high-density high-polarization positrons through a single-shot interaction of a strong laser with a tilted solid foil. In our method, the driving laser ionizes the target, and the emitted electrons are accelerated and subsequently generate abundant γ photons via the nonlinear Compton scattering, dominated by the laser. These γ photons then generate polarized positrons via the nonlinear Breit-Wheeler process, dominated by a strong self-generated quasistatic magnetic field B^{S}.

Two new species of the bamboo-feeding subgenus Myittana (Benglebra) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from China.

Two new species of the bamboo-feeding genus Myittana (Benglebra) Mahmood & Ahmad, 1969, M. (B.) weiningensis Zhao, Luo & Chen sp.

Multi-target object scattering imaging with intensity correlation of structured illumination.

Imaging through scattering layers based on the optical memory effect (OME) concept has been widely investigated in recent years. Among many scattering scenarios, it is very important to recover hidden targets with proper spatial distribution in the scene where multiple targets out of the OME range exist. In this Letter, we put forward a method for multi-target object scattering imaging.

Target Density Effects on Charge Transfer of Laser-Accelerated Carbon Ions in Dense Plasma.

We report on charge state measurements of laser-accelerated carbon ions in the energy range of several MeV penetrating a dense partially ionized plasma. The plasma was generated by irradiation of a foam target with laser-induced hohlraum radiation in the soft x-ray regime. We use the tricellulose acetate (C_{9}H_{16}O_{8}) foam of 2  mg/cm^{3} density and 1 mm interaction length as target material.

Au L-shell x-ray emission induced by 154.3-423.9 MeV/u C ions.

The L-shell x-ray emissions of gold are investigated for the bombardment of high energy C ions in the high energy region of 154.3-423.9 MeV/u.

Triple ionization and fragmentation of benzene trimers following ultrafast intermolecular Coulombic decay.

Intermolecular interactions involving aromatic rings are ubiquitous in biochemistry and they govern the properties of many organic materials. Nevertheless, our understanding of the structures and dynamics of aromatic clusters remains incomplete, in particular for systems beyond the dimers, despite their high presence in many macromolecular systems such as DNA and proteins. Here, we study the fragmentation dynamics of benzene trimer that represents a prototype of higher-order aromatic clusters.

Brilliant circularly polarized γ-ray sources via single-shot laser plasma interaction.

Circularly polarized (CP) γ-ray sources are versatile for broad applications in nuclear physics, high-energy physics, and astrophysics. The laser-plasma based particle accelerators provide accessibility for much higher flux γ-ray sources than conventional approaches, in which, however, the circular polarization properties of the emitted γ-photons are usually neglected. In this Letter, we show that brilliant CP γ-ray beams can be generated via the combination of laser plasma wakefield acceleration and plasma mirror techniques.

Multiple ionization of iodine for 2.5-5.0 MeV I ions impacting on Fe target.

The L-shell X-ray emissions of iodine are investigated as a function of the incident energy for I ions impacting on Fe target in the energy region near the Bohr velocity. Six distinct L-subshell X-rays, Lι, Lα, Lβ, Lβ, Lγ and Lγ, are observed. Compared to the atomic data, the energy of the experimental X ray shifts to the higher energy side.

Haptic Rendering of Diverse Tool-Tissue Contact Constraints During Dental Implantation Procedures.

Motor skill learning of dental implantation surgery is difficult for novices because it involves fine manipulation of different dental tools to fulfill a strictly pre-defined procedure. Haptics-enabled virtual reality training systems provide a promising tool for surgical skill learning. In this paper, we introduce a haptic rendering algorithm for simulating diverse tool-tissue contact constraints during dental implantation.

Observation of a high degree of stopping for laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter.

Intense particle beams generated from the interaction of ultrahigh intensity lasers with sample foils provide options in radiography, high-yield neutron sources, high-energy-density-matter generation, and ion fast ignition. An accurate understanding of beam transportation behavior in dense matter is crucial for all these applications. Here we report the experimental evidence on one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter, in comparison with the current-widely used models describing individual ion stopping in matter.

Ab initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Dissociation Electron Attachment to Lactic Acid and Isomer.

Dissociation processes of lactic acid and its isomer formed by low-energy dissociation electron attachment (DEA) in the gas phase are investigated by using ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The ab initio MD simulations using an atom-centered density matrix propagation (ADMP) method are carried out to investigate the DEA dissociation process of lactic acid and its isomer. The analysis of the simulated dissociation trajectories of lactic acid and its isomer indicates that the C-C, C-H, and C-O bonds are cleaved within femtoseconds of the simulation time scale in the DEA dissociation process, and the difference in dissociation trajectory depends on the size of the three basis sets.

Multiple ionization state of Ar ions during collisions near the Bohr velocity.

In order to clarify the mechanism and the influence of the initial charge state and target atomic parameters for the formation of L-shell multiple ionization state of Ar ions produced by the collisions near the Bohr velocity, the k-shell x-ray emission of Ar is measured for 1.2 MeV Ar ions impacting on V target and 3 MeV Ar ions interacting with selected targets (Z = 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30). It is found that the measured Ar Kα and Kβ x-ray energies shift to the high energy side, and the relative intensity ratios of Kβ/Kα are enlarged than the atomic data, owing to the presence of out-shell multiple vacancies.