Metagenomic analysis reveals Bacillus cereus OTU8977 as a potential probiotic in promoting walnut growth.

Background: Rhizosphere microorganisms can improve soil quality, promote plant growth, and enhance plant health. Despite the isolation of numerous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains, research on how PGPR enhances walnut growth remains limited.

Results: In this study, the metagenomic sequencing of the rhizosphere soil in 8 major walnut-producing areas in China was conducted to identify 150 shared core amplicon sequence variants.

New concerns about arsenic contamination in agricultural fields: an in-depth understanding of the occurrence and regulatory strategies for rice straighthead disease.

Rice, a pivotal staple crop globally, faces a significant threat from straighthead disease, a pervasive physiological disorder that can diminish or obliterate yields, thereby jeopardizing food security. Currently, it is established that dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), a form of organic arsenic (As) commonly found in paddy fields, is the causal agent inducing rice straighthead disease. However, a systematic understanding of the mechanisms underlying DMA absorption, transport, toxicity, and the induction of straighthead disease remains lacking, as do effective methods for disease prevention and control.

Taxonomic and ecologic transitions in Triassic marine bivalve communities.

The Permian-Triassic mass extinction was a pivotal event in shaping marine benthic ecosystems, leading to the rise of mollusks such as bivalves and gastropods as representatives of the Modern Evolutionary Fauna. However, the detailed changes in the ecological structure of marine benthic communities throughout the Triassic remain underexplored, particularly the interrelationship between taxonomic and ecological diversities. Here, we present a study on the Triassic bivalve communities from the typical shallow marine facies in South China to document regional evolutionary patterns and explore how these patterns connect to the global trends.

High latitude terrestrial carbon isotope and mercury perturbations across the Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode in Northwestern China.

The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was a Late Triassic interval of global environmental changes and biological turnovers linked to C-cycle perturbation and global warming. Records of the CPE come mainly from low latitudes, and its impact at higher latitudes is poorly known. Here, we present organic matter (OM) C-isotope and Hg concentration data of bulk samples from the Junggar Basin (Xinjiang, Northwestern China), which in the Late Triassic was located at ca.

Molecular dynamics simulation of crystallization and stretching mechanisms in ethylene/1-octene block copolymers: insights into the role of the block structure.

Ethylene/1-octene block copolymers (OBCs) combine the excellent elasticity of crosslinked rubbers with the high toughness of thermoplastic polymers, with their mechanical properties strongly influenced by the block structure. In this study, we developed OBC models with varying soft block content, 1-octene insertion rates, and block numbers and distributions, based on commercially available OBCs synthesized by Dow Chemical. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the effects of the block structure on crystallization behavior and mechanical properties.

Biological Characteristics of Feline Calicivirus Epidemic Strains in China and Screening of Broad-Spectrum Protective Vaccine Strains.

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is one of the most important pathogens causing upper respiratory tract diseases in cats, posing a serious health threat to these animals. At present, FCV is mainly prevented through vaccination, but the protective efficacy of vaccines in China is limited. In this study, based on the differences in capsid proteins of isolates from different regions in China, as reported in our previous studies, seven representative FCV epidemic strains were selected and tested for their viral titers, virulence, immunogenicity, and extensive cross-protection.

Continuous monitoring of temperature and freshness in cold chain transport based on the dual-responsive fluorescent hydrogel.

Comprehensive attention should be paid to the potential food spoilage in food transport. However, there is a problem of freshness destruction by repeated freezing and thawing during the cold chain transport. Herein, a fluorescent hydrogel with N-doped green-emitting carbon dots (N-GCDs), bovine serum albumin-gold nanoclusters (BSA-AuNCs) as fluorescent probes and polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel as carrier matrix was developed to continuously detect temperature and freshness.

Divergent Chemo- and Biocatalytic Route to 16β-Methylcorticoids: Asymmetric Synthesis of Betamethasone Dipropionate, Clobetasol Propionate, and Beclomethasone Dipropionate.

16β-Methylcorticoids are among the most important glucocorticoid steroids for the treatment of various dermatological disorders, respiratory infections, and other allergic reactions elicited during inflammatory responses of the human body. Betamethasone dipropionate, clobetasol propionate, and beclomethasone dipropionate are particularly noteworthy for their synthetic intractability. Despite five decades of research, these 16β-methylcorticoids have remained challenging synthetic targets owing to insurmountable issues of reactivity, selectivity, and cost efficiency associated with all previously explored strategies.

Structural Engineering-Enabled Joule Heating Effect Cooperated with Capillary Effect Toward Fast Spreading of Droplets for High-Flux Separation of Viscous Emulsion.

Viscous emulsions with poor fluidity and high adhesion are extremely difficult to separate. Herein, high-flux separation of viscous emulsions is realized by developing structural engineered collagen fibers (CFs)-based composite membrane that featured 3D conductive hierarchical fiber structure with the spaced carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and activated carbon (AC) serving as conductive network and competitive adsorption-based demulsifying sites, respectively. The as-designed membrane structure boosts fast spreading of emulsion droplets on membrane surface aided by the synergistic effect of joule heat in situ generated by the spaced CNFs and the capillary effect derived from CFs, which guarantees the full contact of viscous emulsions with the spaced AC for achieving ultra-efficient demulsifying.

Grafting a Porous Metal-Organic Framework [NH-MIL-101(Fe)] with AgCl Nanoparticles for the Efficient Removal of Congo Red.

Organic dyes can produce harmful effects on the water environment, such as affecting the growth of aquatic organisms, reducing the transparency of water bodies, and causing eutrophication of water bodies, so it is necessary to mitigate the hazards of organic dyes. In this study, a metal-organic framework [NH-MIL-101(Fe)] was synthesized by the solvothermal method as a carrier for the in situ uniform deposition of AgCl nanoparticles on its surface, which was successfully used for both adsorption and degradation of Congo red. Adsorption results showed that the adsorption kinetics conformed to the proposed secondary adsorption kinetics equation with a maximum adsorption capacity of 248.

A Mesozoic fossil lagerstätte from 250.8 million years ago shows a modern-type marine ecosystem.

Finely preserved fossil assemblages (lagerstätten) provide crucial insights into evolutionary innovations in deep time. We report an exceptionally preserved Early Triassic fossil assemblage, the Guiyang Biota, from the Daye Formation near Guiyang, South China. High-precision uranium-lead dating shows that the age of the Guiyang Biota is 250.

Shape-specific MOF-derived Cu@Fe-NC with morphology-driven catalytic activity: Mimicking peroxidase for the fluorescent- colorimetric immunosignage of ochratoxin.

Ochratoxin A (OTA), which has strong hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, can accumulate in the human body through the food chain; thus, the selective and effective detection of OTA is urgently required for food security. Nanozymes with hyperfine size and shape control have attracted attention because of their controllable structure and intrinsic activity. Herein, CuFe-bimetal coordinated N-doped carbon (Cu@Fe-NC) with morphology-driven peroxidase-mimicking activity was synthesized using CuO with specific polygonal cubes and fully exposed {111} crystalline facets as the template to produce a CuFe-bimetallic metal organic framework (MOF) and further treating CuFe-MOF with high-temperature pyrolysis.

Dizziness Result From Anomalous Origin of Left Common Carotid Artery.

Background: The anomalous origin of the left common carotid artery from the pulmonary artery is extremely scarce. At present, there are few relevant research and medical treatment data. This case is intended to provide relevant information and share treatment experiences.

The Etiology and Molecular Mechanism Underlying Smooth Muscle Phenotype Switching in Intimal Hyperplasia of Vein Graft and the Regulatory Role of microRNAs.

Mounting evidence suggests that the phenotypic transformation of venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from differentiated (contractile) to dedifferentiated (proliferative and migratory) phenotypes causes excessive proliferation and further migration to the intima leading to intimal hyperplasia, which represents one of the key pathophysiological mechanisms of vein graft restenosis. In recent years, numerous miRNAs have been identified as specific phenotypic regulators of vascular SMCs (VSMCs), which play a vital role in intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts. The review sought to provide a comprehensive overview of the etiology of intimal hyperplasia, factors affecting the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs in vein graft, and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs involved in SMCs phenotypic modulation in intimal hyperplasia of vein graft reported in recent years.

Cerebral infarction after cardiac surgery.

Cerebral infarction, a common central nervous system complication after adult cardiac surgery, is one of the main factors leading to the poor prognosis of cardiac surgery patients besides cardiac insufficiency. However, there is currently no effective treatment for cerebral infarction. Therefore, early prevention and diagnosis of postoperative cerebral infarction are particularly important.

Fluorescent cytoskeletal markers reveal associations between the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton in rice cells.

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of our main food crops, feeding ∼3.5 billion people worldwide. An increasing number of studies note the importance of the cytoskeleton, including actin filaments and microtubules, in rice development and environmental responses.

Nano-bubble hydrogen water: An effective therapeutic agent against inflammation related disease caused by viral infection in zebrafish model.

Since the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen has been widely known, it was supposed that hydrogen could suppress tissue damage by inhibiting virus-related inflammatory reactions. However, hydrogen is slightly soluble in water, which leads to poor effect of oral hydrogen-rich water therapy. In this study, the nano-bubble hydrogen water (nano-HW) (about 0.

Collagen Fiber-Based Advanced Separation Materials: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives.

Separation plays a critical role in a broad range of industrial applications. Developing advanced separation materials is of great significance for the future development of separation technology. Collagen fibers (CFs), the typical structural proteins, exhibit unique structural hierarchy, amphiphilic wettability, and versatile chemical reactivity.

Molecular dynamics simulation of extension-induced crystallization of branched bimodal HDPE: Unraveling the effects of short-chain branches.

Bimodal HDPE models were designed for extension-induced crystallization imitating the architecture of industrial bimodal HDPE copolymerized with ethylene and 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene. Crystallites of bimodal HDPE experienced the emergence of precursors, shish nuclei, and lamellae. The compact conformation of branched polymers impeded the rolling-over, deposition, and folding of chains on the substrate, and thus the formation of nuclei and lamella.

A Divergent Paired Electrochemical Process for the Conversion of Furfural Using a Divided-Cell Flow Microreactor.

Furfural is a prominent, non-petroleum-based chemical feedstock material, derived from abundantly available hemicellulose. Hence, its derivatization into other useful biobased chemicals is a subject of high interest in contemporary academic and industrial research activities. While most strategies to convert furfural require energy-intensive reaction routes, the use of electrochemical activation allows to provide a sustainable and green alternative.

Bright Fluorescent Vacuolar Marker Lines Allow Vacuolar Tracing Across Multiple Tissues and Stress Conditions in Rice.

The vacuole is indispensable for cells to maintain their water potential and to respond to environmental changes. Nevertheless, investigations of vacuole morphology and its functions have been limited to with few studies in the model crop rice (). Here, we report the establishment of bright rice vacuole fluorescent reporter systems using OsTIP1;1, a tonoplast water channel protein, fused to either an enhanced green fluorescent protein or an mCherry red fluorescent protein.

The Fundamentals Behind the Use of Flow Reactors in Electrochemistry.

In the past decade, research into continuous-flow chemistry has gained a lot of traction among researchers in both academia and industry. Especially, microreactors have received a plethora of attention due to the increased mass and heat transfer characteristics, the possibility to increase process safety, and the potential to implement automation protocols and process analytical technology. Taking advantage of these aspects, chemists and chemical engineers have capitalized on expanding the chemical space available to synthetic organic chemists using this technology.

Sulfonyl Fluoride Synthesis through Electrochemical Oxidative Coupling of Thiols and Potassium Fluoride.

Sulfonyl fluorides are valuable synthetic motifs for a variety of applications, among which sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange-based "click chemistry" is currently the most prominent. Consequently, the development of novel and efficient synthetic methods to access these functional groups is of great interest. Herein, we report a mild and environmentally benign electrochemical approach to prepare sulfonyl fluorides using thiols or disulfides, as widely available starting materials, in combination with KF, as an inexpensive, abundant and safe fluoride source.

Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol in a Microchannel Flow Reactor.

Furfural is considered to be an essential biobased platform molecule. Recently, its electrocatalytic hydrogenation is regarded as a more environmentally friendly process compared to traditional catalytic hydrogenation. In this study, a new, continuous-flow approach enabling furfural electrocatalytic reduction was developed.

Design and application of a modular and scalable electrochemical flow microreactor.

Electrochemistry constitutes a mild, green and versatile activation method of organic molecules. Despite these innate advantages, its widespread use in organic chemistry has been hampered due to technical limitations, such as mass and heat transfer limitations which restraints the scalability of electrochemical methods. Herein, we describe an undivided-cell electrochemical flow reactor with a flexible reactor volume.