Chemical Language Model Linker: Blending Text and Molecules with Modular Adapters.

The development of large language models and multimodal models has enabled the appealing idea of generating novel molecules from text descriptions. Generative modeling would shift the paradigm from relying on large-scale chemical screening to find molecules with desired properties to directly generating those molecules. However, multimodal models combining text and molecules are often trained from scratch, without leveraging existing high-quality pretrained models.

Crosstalk between perivascular adipose tissue and adipocyte-derived peptide in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent complication in diabetic patients, and its pathogenic mechanism involves multiple endocrine and metabolic factors, with dyslipidemia playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of peptides in energy metabolism and their potential effect on the onset and development of DCM by affecting the function of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). The present review aims to examine the effect of these peptides on perivascular adipose tissue and myocardial metabolism during the pathogenesis of DCM, focusing on the role of peptides distributed in perivascular adipose tissue in cardioprotection and their underlying mechanisms of action.

Improved fast kV-switching dual-energy CBCT with a spectral modulator: System design and a feasibility study.

Background: Fast kV-switching (FKS) has successfully been employed in commercial computed tomography (CT) systems. However, FKS in cone-beam CT (CBCT) spectral imaging still faces challenges such as scatter contamination and relatively moderate energy separation, which results in suboptimal quantitative performance. There have been some studies on using flat-field filters to improve the performance of FKS spectral imaging.

Establishing a Predictive Model for the Occurrence of CI-AKI After PCI in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Based on Serum-Derived Biomarkers.

To identify risk factors for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) post-PCI in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, analyze novel inflammatory markers, and develop a predictive model. CHD patients admitted to Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022, were selected, and a total of 628 patients were included in this study by collecting the general information, past history, and relevant laboratory test results of all patients and excluding those with imperfect relevant medical records, including 142 cases in the CI-AKI group and 486 cases in the non-CI-AKI group. According to the ratio of 7:3, they were randomly divided into a training group ( = 439) and a validation group ( = 189).

Comparative Effectiveness of Vascular Closure Device Strategies in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the preferred treatment for high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. However, the management of vascular complications associated with large-bore femoral arterial access sheaths remains challenging for clinicians. Traditional manual compression exhibits limited efficacy in homeostasis, while the clinical outcomes of vascular closure devices (VCDs) remain controversial.

Assay2Mol: Large Language Model-based Drug Design Using BioAssay Context.

Scientific databases aggregate vast amounts of quantitative data alongside descriptive text. In biochemistry, molecule screening assays evaluate the functional responses of candidate molecules against disease targets. Unstructured text that describes the biological mechanisms through which these targets operate, experimental screening protocols, and other attributes of assays offer rich information for new drug discovery campaigns but has been untapped because of that unstructured format.

Growth and Application of MAPbI Single-Crystal Films through LIPSS on an ITO Surface.

Metal halide perovskite has attracted great interest as a promising optoelectronic device material due to its inherent excellent photoelectric properties. Currently, perovskites have made significant strides in enhancing their efficiency, yet their industrial advancement and multiscenario applications remain hampered by manufacturing technology. In this work, high-quality MAPbI single-crystal films were prepared through low spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) with a depth of 139 nm on the surface of ITO processed by femtosecond laser.

RING1 dictates GSDMD-mediated inflammatory response and host susceptibility to pathogen infection.

RING1 is an E3 ligase component of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) with known roles in chromatin regulation and cellular processes such as apoptosis and autophagy. However, its involvement in inflammation and pyroptosis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that human RING1, not RING2, promotes K48-linked ubiquitination of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and acts as a negative regulator of pyroptosis and bacterial infection.

An event-triggered deep reinforcement learning guidance algorithm for intercepting maneuvering target of speed advantage.

Hypersonic vehicle interception raises stringent and challenging requirements for traditional guidance laws in terms of speed and maneuverability advantage. Deep reinforcement learning algorithms provide potential solutions for intercepting maneuvering targets of speed advantage, but they are greatly hindered by policy training inefficiency. To address these limitations, we propose a novel event-triggered deep reinforcement learning (ETDRL) algorithm along with an event-triggered training and time-triggered execution (ETTE) framework.

Chemical Language Model Linker: blending text and molecules with modular adapters.

The development of large language models and multi-modal models has enabled the appealing idea of generating novel molecules from text descriptions. Generative modeling would shift the paradigm from relying on large-scale chemical screening to find molecules with desired properties to directly generating those molecules. However, multi-modal models combining text and molecules are often trained from scratch, without leveraging existing high-quality pretrained models.

Association between acute-to-chronic glucose ratio and acute kidney injury after emergency PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a common complication in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment and is associated with poor prognosis. there is a lack of effective predictive biomarkers and functions.

Objective: To explore the correlation between the acute-to-chronic blood glucose ratio (ARC) and CI-AKI in patients with emergency PCI.

Deep learning-enhanced hyperspectral imaging for rapid screening of Co-metabolic microplastic-degrading bacteria in environmental samples.

Microbial biodegradation of microplastic (MP) emerges as an environmentally benign and highly promising strategy for alleviating MP pollution in the ecosystem. Conventional approaches for screening MP-degrading bacteria use pollutants as the sole carbon source. Co-metabolism plays an essential role in microbial screening, as it enables the discovery of additional degrading microorganisms.

Mechanism of a Trapezoidal Magnetic Field Enhanced Helium Plasma Jet for Improving the Surface Modification Effect on Polyimide Films.

Atmospheric pressure plasma jets can directly act on the surface of materials and improve the surface properties of the materials. However, the concentration of active species generated by plasma jets is low, and the treatment area is small, which makes it difficult to realize the ideal material surface modification effect within a short processing time. In this paper, a method was proposed to increase the concentration of active species and treatment area of a helium plasma jet by applying a steady-state trapezoidal magnetic field, thus enhancing the surface modification effect on polyimide (PI) films.

Penumbra-effect induced spectral mixing in x-ray computed tomography: a multi-ray spectrum estimation model and subsampled weighting algorithm.

With the development of spectral CT, various spectral imaging technologies have been proposed. Among these, filter-based spectral imaging methods have been greatly advanced in recent years, such as split filters used in clinical diagnose, spectral modulators studied for spectral imaging and scatter correction. However, due to the finite size of the focal spot of x-ray source, spectral filters cause spectral mixing in the penumbra region.

Molecular detection of Bartonella in bats and their ectoparasites, Spinturnix myoti, from central and Western Yunnan Province, China.

Bartonella, a facultative intracellular pathogen, is known for causing zoonotic diseases and has been detected in a variety of mammals and arthropods. Previous research has highlighted bats as natural reservoirs for Bartonella, with bat ectoparasites acting as vectors for transmission. Moreover, studies have indicated a positive correlation between the prevalence of ectoparasites and Bartonella infection levels.

Analysis of promotion and obstacles in long-term care grading services for home-based older adults with disabilities in China.

Long-term care (LTC) grading services refers to professional assessors using specific tools to systematically evaluate people with long-term care needs,develop and implement graded service standards that align with the care needs of individuals based on their varying levels of disability.It has been nearly a decade since China initiated home-based long-term care for the disabled elderly; however, challenges remain, such as the lack of detailed graded service standards and inadequate allocation of medical and nursing resources. This study aimed to gain insights into factors about influencing the current system by understanding the perspectives of those directly involved in providing care and to promote LTC services for older adults with disabilities in China.

Nuclear receptor 4A1 facilitates complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats by promoting ferroptosis in spinal glial cells.

Glial cell-induced neuroinflammation in the spinal cord is the critical pathology underlying complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain. Previously, we showed that spinal glial cells undergo ferroptosis after CFA injection, which may contribute to the development of neuroinflammation and inflammatory pain. However, the mechanism underlying the occurrence of ferroptosis during inflammatory pain remains unclear.

A real-time feeding behavior monitoring system for individual yak based on facial recognition model.

Feeding behavior is known to affect the welfare and fattening efficiency of yaks in feedlots. With the advancement of machine vision and sensor technologies, the monitoring of animal behavior is progressively shifting from manual observation towards automated and stress-free methodologies. In this study, a real-time detection model for individual yak feeding and picking behavior was developed using YOLO series model and StrongSORT tracking model.

Mechanics-Photophysics Correlation in Tough, Stretchable and Long-Lived Room Temperature Phosphorescence Ionogels Deciphered by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis.

The development of tough, stretchable and long-lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials holds great significance for manufacturing and processing photoluminescent materials, but limited techniques are available to profile their mechanics-photophysics correlation. Here we report glassy ionogels, and their mechanical properties and photophysical properties are fused by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), functioning like a human brain that perceives a material instantaneously by linking sensory perception and cognition. Depending on two special temperatures presented in DMA curves, T (the peak of loss modulus (E")) and T (glass transition temperature), the ionogels can vary from being either tough with persistent phosphorescence, extensible with effective phosphorescence or resilience with inefficient phosphorescence.

Au-Doped Black Silicon Photodetector Fabricated by a Femtosecond Laser with Excellent Near-Infrared Response.

Silicon photonic devices are key components in optical imaging and sensing for communication, and the development of silicon-based photodetectors with ideal performance in the visible and infrared spectral ranges can promote the application of silicon photonics in various photoelectronic systems. Here, a Au-doped black silicon photodetector was prepared by a femtosecond laser direct writing technique. The conical micro-/nanostructures with different sizes were produced by different laser fluence irradiation.

Effectiveness and safety of emergency transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis complicated by cardiogenic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The application of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been developed on different populations in many clinical studies. However, research dedicated to the application of emergency TAVR in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) experiencing cardiogenic shock is limited.

Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of emergency TAVR in AS patients with circulatory collapse.