Human iPSC-based breast cancer model identifies S100P-dependent cancer stemness induced by mutation.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females and remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for women worldwide. The cellular and molecular basis of breast tumorigenesis is not completely understood partly due to the lack of human research models which simulate the development of breast cancer. Here, we developed a method for generating functional mammary-like cells (MCs) from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

Mitochondrial thermal proteome profiling reveals aberrant activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase upon cuproptosis.

Cuproptosis, a copper-induced form of regulated cell death, holds therapeutic promise in cancer but remains mechanistically unclear. We developed Mito-TPCA, a mitochondrial thermal proximity coaggregation strategy combining enzyme-catalyzed proteome labeling with thermal profiling, to map mitochondrial protein-protein interaction dynamics during cuproptosis. This approach revealed that copper disrupts the association of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) with the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex by targeting lipoyl domains, triggering PDH dephosphorylation and aberrant activation.

Early radiotherapy improved survival of patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer treated with first-line chemo-immunotherapy.

Background And Purpose: This real-world study aimed to investigate the efficacy of early radiotherapy (RT) in ES-SCLC patients treated with first-line chemo-immunotherapy.

Materials And Methods: ES-SCLC patients were enrolled from August 2018 to October 2023. Patients who received early radiotherapy before disease progression were defined as Early RT group, while the others, named Salvage and Non-RT (S&N RT) group.

The triggering mechanism for predominant hormonal signal production in fleshy fruit ripening.

Fleshy Fruit (FF) ripening is regulated by multiple hormones, which can be categorized into two groups, i.e., the positive signals acting to promote FF ripening and the negative signals acting to suppress FF ripening.

Oligo-residual disease in metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC treated with alectinib.

Accumulating evidence suggests local consolidative therapy may delay resistance and benefit metastatic NSCLC patients with oligo-residual disease (ORD) after effective systemic therapy. However, the incidence and clinical features of ORD in Alectinib-treated metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC remain unclear. We retrospectively reviewed serial scans of metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC patients treated with Alectinib.

Mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 modulates the response of rat hippocampus neural stem cells to rapid stretch injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the primary causes of long-term brain disabilities among military personnel and civilians, regardless of gender. A plethora of secondary events are triggered by a primary brain insult, increasing the complexity of TBI. One of the most affected brain regions is the hippocampus, where neurogenesis occurs throughout life due to the presence of neural stem cells (NSC).

The role of endothelial cells in pancreatic islet development, transplantation and culture.

Endothelial cells (ECs) play pivotal roles in the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. During development, vasculature actively involves in organ morphogenesis and functional maturation, through the secretion of angiocrine factors and extracellular matrix components. Islets of Langerhans, essential functional units of glucose homeostasis, are embedded in a dense endothelial capillary network.

Association Between Circulating Gremlin 2 and β-Cell Function Among Participants With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes.

Aim: Circulating Gremlin 2 (Grem2) has recently been linked to human obesity, but its role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the association of circulating Grem2 with β-cell function.

Methods: A post hoc analysis was conducted using data from three clinical trials, in which all participants underwent the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Autophagy in adult stem cell homeostasis, aging, and disease therapy.

Autophagy is a crucial cellular process that facilitates the degradation of damaged organelles and protein aggregates, and the recycling of cellular components for the energy production and macromolecule synthesis. It plays an indispensable role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Over recent decades, research has increasingly focused on the role of autophagy in regulating adult stem cells (SCs).

Establishment and validation of a nomogram for predicting esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Background: Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis suffering from esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB) face high mortality.

Aim: To investigate the risk factors for EGVB in patients with liver cirrhosis and establish a diagnostic nomogram.

Methods: Patients with liver cirrhosis who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts in a 6:4 ratio in this retrospective research.

Impaired inflammatory resolution with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in leptin knock out obese hamster.

Comorbidities, such as obesity, increase the risk of severe COVID-19. However, the mechanisms underlying severe illnesses in individuals with obesity are poorly understood. Here, we used gene-edited leptin knock out ( ) obese hamsters to establish a severe infection model.

The role of radiotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: insights from treatment failure patterns in the era of immunotherapy.

Background: The therapeutic advantage of radiotherapy (RT) as an adjunct to first-line immunotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the value of RT based on the first failure pattern of ES-SCLC.

Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed ES-SCLC patients treated with first-line chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) at Shanghai Chest Hospital from August 2018 to October 2023.

Postoperative tumor bed radiation versus T-shaped field radiation in the treatment of locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase IIb multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is crucial for patients with thoracic locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC, pT3-4aN0-3M0) following esophagectomy. However, the appropriate radiation volume has not been well established. This study aimed to determine the optimal PORT volume for LA-ESCC patients.

Propensity-matched study on locally advanced esophageal cancer: surgery versus post-operative radiotherapy.

Background: This study aims to delineate the long-term outcomes and recurrence patterns of locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) patients managed with or without postoperative radiotherapy (PORT).

Methods: A retrospective cohort from two academic centers, encompassing patients who initially underwent esophagectomy and were pathologically staged T3-4, was analyzed. Survival outcomes were constructed using Kaplan-Meier method, with survival significance was evaluated using the log-rank test.

Radiation-Induced Endothelial Ferroptosis Accelerates Atherosclerosis via the DDHD2-Mediated Nrf2/GPX4 Pathway.

This study sought to explore potential roles of endothelial ferroptosis in radiation-associated atherosclerosis (RAA) and molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Here, an in vivo RAA mouse model was used and treated with ferroptosis inhibitors. We found that the RAA group had a higher plaque burden and a reduction in endothelial cells with increased lipid peroxidation compared to the control group, while ameliorated by liproxstatin-1.

Cardiovascular Outcomes of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Across Body Mass Index Spectrum in Patients With Heart Failure: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have shown efficacy in improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). However, their impact on HF patients with varying body mass index (BMI) levels remains uncertain. To explore potential interactions between baseline BMI and the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors, we conducted a systematic review of studies from PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library database spanning from inception to March 2024.

Comparison of the toxic effects of polystyrene and sulfonated polystyrene on wheat under cadmium stress.

With advances in plastic resource utilization technologies, polystyrene (PS) and sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) microplastics continue to be produced and retained in environmental media, potentially posing greater environmental risks. These plastics, due to their different physicochemical properties, may have different environmental impacts when compounded with other pollutants. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined toxic effects of PS and SPS on wheat using cadmium (Cd) as a background contaminant.

Analysis of an Aqueous Extract from Turkish Galls Based on Multicomponent Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Combined with Network Pharmacology and Chemometric Analysis.

The current quality control method for Turkish gall (TG) is limited to assessing total tannin or gallic acid (GA), which offers a basic level of quality control but does not fully capture the true quality of TG. Therefore, it is essential to establish a comprehensive method that utilizes multiple indicators to assess the intrinsic quality of TG. This research utilized UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology to qualitatively analyze the chemical composition of TG.

A real-world analysis of stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy in advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A single-center experience.

Background: We aimed to assess the value of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) delivered under the situation of controlled or progressed disease during ICI therapy in advanced or recurrent NSCLC.

Methods: We retrospectively collected patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC who received SBRT concurrently with ICI in our institution between January 2017 and December 2021. Patients were divided into two groups, including those for whom SBRT was delivered initially or to the residual tumors during the first- or later-line ICI treatment (Group 1), and those for whom SBRT was given to the progressed tumors irrespective of first- or later-line ICI treatment (Group 2).

Cost-effectiveness of additional serplulimab to chemotherapy in metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of adding serplulimab to chemotherapy for metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in a first-line setting from a Chinese perspective.

Methods: A three-health state partitioned survival model was constructed to simulate disease development. The clinical data used in the model were derived from the ASTRUM-004 clinical trial.

Protein painting for structural and binding site analysis intracellular lysine reactivity profiling with -phthalaldehyde.

The three-dimensional structure and the molecular interaction of proteins determine their roles in many cellular processes. Chemical protein painting with protein mass spectrometry can identify changes in structural conformations and molecular interactions of proteins including their binding sites. Nevertheless, most current protein painting techniques identify protein targets and binding sites of drugs using a cell lysate or purified protein.

Cancer diagnosis and treatment platform based on manganese-based nanomaterials.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the development of new diagnostic and treatment methods is crucial. Manganese-based nanomaterials (MnNMs) have emerged as a focal point in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment due to their multifunctional properties. These nanomaterials have been extensively explored as contrast agents for various imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIR-FL).

Improvement of Prediction Performance for Radiation Pneumonitis by Using 3-Dimensional Dosiomic Features.

Introduction: Patients with early non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a relatively long survival time after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Predicting radiation-induced pneumonia (RP) has important clinical and social implications for improving the quality of life of such patients. This study developed an RP prediction model by using 3-dimensional (3D) dosiomic features.