Association Between PNPLA3 Inhibition and Gout: A Drug Target Mendelian Randomization Study.

Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) plays a crucial role in metabolic dysfunction-related steatotic liver disease. ARO-PNPLA3 is a therapeutic agent designed to target PNPLA3, but its long-term effects remain uncertain. The objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of PNPLA3 inhibition on the risk of gout through Mendelian randomization.

Identification of potent and orally bioavailable GSPT1 molecular glue degraders.

G1 to S phase transition 1 (GSPT1) is involved in multiple biological processes and is significantly overexpressed in various cancer tissues and cells. Degradation of GSPT1 protein proves to be a potential therapeutic option through the technology of molecular glue, however, no molecules have been approved for clinical use. Here, we report our efforts on Structure-Activity Relationship studies around an innovative tricyclic-containing derivatives as potent and orally bioavailable GSPT1 degraders.

Near-field observation of enhanced resonance in metasurface by cavity mode coupling.

Metasurfaces have demonstrated significant potential for applications in electromagnetic emission, regulation, imaging, and wireless communication, particularly in the rapidly expanding terahertz frequency range, due to their highly flexible and tunable functionalities. However, to better understand their underlying mechanisms, detection methods capable of surpassing the diffraction limit are required. As near-field detection technologies are still developing, direct observation of surface resonance modes remains limited, with most research focusing on the detection of intrinsic modes.

Independent and combined associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and mortality: a case-crossover study.

Introduction: Previous studies suggest that short‑term exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of mortality. However, understanding of the combined effects of exposure to various air pollutants on mortality is limited.

Objectives: This study aimed to quantify a short‑term association between exposure to various air pollutants and death risk in the Qingpu District of Shanghai, and to evaluate the modifying effect of ambient temperature on this association.

Dust distribution characteristics of the breathing zone in the walkway area of fully-mechanized mining face: a case study.

To understand the dust distribution characteristics of fully mechanized mining faces, this study utilized the gravimetric method to sample dust in the walkway area during the coal cutting process of the shearer, followed by testing and analysis of the dust samples. The research findings reveal that the pollution level in the walkway area significantly surpasses coal mine safety regulations. There is no significant correlation between variations in dust concentration and dust quantity at different locations, with the region within 6 m behind the shearer exhibiting the highest dust quantity.

Erratum: Astrocytic YAP protects the optic nerve and retina in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model through TGF-β signaling: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.60031.

Single-Bacterium Diagnosis via Terahertz Near-Field Dielectric Nanoimaging.

Single-bacterium diagnostic methods with unprecedented precision and rapid turnaround times are promising tools for facilitating the transition from empirical treatment to personalized anti-infection treatment. Terahertz (THz) radiation, a cutting-edge technology for identifying pathogens, enables the label-free and non-destructive detection of intermolecular vibrational modes and bacterial dielectric properties. However, this individual dielectric property-based detection and the mismatched spatial resolution are limited for the single-bacterium identification of various species of pathogens.

Transaminase-Triggered Cascades for the Synthesis and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Chiral N-Heterocycles.

Biocatalysis is now a well-established branch of catalysis and the growing toolbox of natural, evolved and designer enzymes is enabling chemistry previously deemed inaccessible. However, most enzyme methodologies have been developed for functional group interconversions, such as the conversion of a ketone into an amine or alcohol, and do not result in the generation of significant 3D molecular complexity. The application of enzyme-triggered reaction cascade methodologies has the potential to transform simple substrates into complex sp-rich molecules in one step.

Numerical temporal-spectral analysis of non-scattering THz nanoscopy with resonant cantilevered tips.

Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (-SNOM) under the excitation of single cycle picosecond (ps) pulse provides access to terahertz (THz) time-resolved nanoscopy. However, the development of THz nanoscopy has been greatly limited due to the inherently low efficiency of the scattered field and the convolution of the intrinsic material response with the extrinsic response of the cantilevered tip. In this work, we quantitatively study the near-field time-delayed pulse transients of resonant cantilevered tips, observing localized tip-enhanced coupling as well as delocalized collective charge oscillations propagating as resonant surface waves along cantilevered tips.

Terahertz Nanoscopy on Low-Dimensional Materials: Toward Ultrafast Physical Phenomena.

Low-dimensional materials (LDMs) with unique electromagnetic properties and diverse local phenomena have garnered significant interest, particularly for their low-energy responses within the terahertz (THz) range. Achieving deep subwavelength resolution, THz nanoscopy offers a promising route to investigate LDMs at the nanoscale. Steady-state THz nanoscopy has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for investigating light-matter interactions across boundaries and interfaces, enabling insights into physical phenomena such as localized collective oscillations, quantum confinement of quasiparticles, and metal-to-insulator phase transitions (MITs).

Angle-controlled strong and weak coupling in photon molecules.

Strong light-matter coupling occurs when the rate of energy exchange between the electromagnetic mode and the molecular ensemble exceeds the competitive dissipation process. Coupled photon molecules with near-field light-matter interactions may produce new hybridized states when they reach the strong coupling region. Tunable Terahertz (THz) meta materials can be used to design sensors, optical modulators, etc.

Photoelectrochemical aptasensing and fluorescence imaging co-joint detecting MCF-7 cells in whole blood via an inertial separation microfluidic chip.

The mortality rate of tumor is still very high till now. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the major culprit of high cancer mortality. To improve survival rate of cancer patients, real-time monitoring and quantitative detection of CTCs are of indescribable value.

Angle-Controlled Nanospectrum Switching from Lorentzian to Fano Lineshapes.

The tunability of spectral lineshapes, ranging from Lorentzian to Fano profiles, is essential for advancing nanoscale photonic technologies. Conventional far-field techniques are insufficient for studying nanoscale phenomena, particularly within the terahertz (THz) range. In this work, we use a U-shaped resonant ring on a waveguide substrate to achieve precise modulation of Lorentzian, Fano, and antiresonance profiles.

The relationship between low-carbohydrate diet score, dietary macronutrient intake, and rheumatoid arthritis: results from NHANES 2011-2016.

Background: This study sought to determine if dietary macronutrient consumption and the low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score were linked to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Participants ≥ 20 years were analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016. LCD score was calculated by summing the 11 quantiles values of the percentages of energy derived from carbohydrate, protein, and fat.

Time-Domain-Filtered Terahertz Nanoscopy of Intrinsic Light-Matter Interactions.

Terahertz (THz) technology holds great potential across diverse applications, including biosensing and information communications, but conventional far-field techniques are limited by diffraction. Near-field optical microscopy overcomes this barrier through a sharp tip that concentrates incident THz waves into nanometric volumes, detecting scattered near-field to reveal nanoscale optical properties. However, owing to the large THz wavelengths, resonant surface waves arising on the tip and cantilever obscure the intrinsic response.

[Hyoid epiglottis combined with sternocleidomastoid muscle clavicle flap for repairing laryngeal defect after laryngeal trauma infection: a case report].

The initial treatment of open laryngeal trauma must be implemented immediately, with the primary focus on saving lives. However, in the later stages, various factors may cause changes in the structure and function of the larynx, which requires special attention. This article reports on the treatment process of a patient with depression who suffered from laryngeal trauma.

Polycarboxyl ionic liquid functionalized Yb-MOFs nanoballs based dual-wavelength responsive photoelectrochemical aptasensor for the simultaneous determination of AFB1 and OTA.

Developing an accurate and precise approach for the simultaneous detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is significant for food safety surveillance. Herein, a photoelectrochemical sensing platform was constructed based on polycarboxylic ionic liquid functionalized metal-organic framework integrated with gold nanoparticles (Yb-MOFs@AuNPs). Sulfhydryl functionalized hairpin DNA (hDNA) was immobilized on a Yb-MOFs@AuNPs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface through Au-S bond.

Erratum: β-elemene promotes the senescence of glioma cells through regulating YAP-CDK6 signaling.

[This corrects the article on p. 370 in vol. 11, PMID: 33575077.

SARM1 promotes the neuroinflammation and demyelination through IGFBP2/NF-κB pathway in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice.

Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, and its typical characteristics are neuroinflammation and the demyelination of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) is an essential factor mediating axonal degeneration and SARM1 deletion reduces the neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury. This study aimed to explore the roles of SARM1 and its underlying mechanisms in MS.

Advanced prodrug strategies in nucleoside analogues targeting the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies.

Gastrointestinal malignancies are common digestive system tumor worldwide. Nucleoside analogues have been widely used as anticancer drugs for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including gastrointestinal malignancies. However, low permeability, enzymatic deamination, inefficiently phosphorylation, the emergence of chemoresistance and some other issues have limited its efficacy.

Bufei Yishen Formula Inhibits the Cell Senescence in COPD by Up-Regulating the ZNF263 and Klotho Expression.

Background: Bufei Yishen formula (BYF) is an effective prescription for the clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the molecular mechanism by which it exerts its pharmacological effects remains to be explored.

Methods: The human bronchial cell line BEAS-2B was treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE).