Evaluating the effects of liraglutide, empagliflozin and linagliptin on mild cognitive impairment remission in patients with type 2 diabetes (LIGHT-MCI): study protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial with an extension phase.

Introduction: Diabetes is a significant modifiable risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. There are currently no effective treatments that delay or reverse the progression of cognitive dysfunction. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that specific antidiabetes medications hold promise in improving cognitive function.

Correction: Government livelihood project - free influenza vaccination for the older population in China: the example of Zhejiang Province.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.

Safe streets for cyclists? Quantifying the causal impact of cycling infrastructure interventions on safety.

London's Cycle Superhighways (CS) form a network of cycle routes connecting central London to outer boroughs, introduced in 2010 to promote cycling and improve safety. This paper examines their causal impact on cycling volume and safety using detailed road traffic and road safety data from the UK's Department for Transport. To estimate these effects, we employ propensity score-matched difference-in-differences and panel outcome regression models, comparing two distinct infrastructure types: segregated and non-segregated CS.

PPARγ activation reduces pancreatic beta cell death in type 1 diabetes by decreasing heparanase-dependent insulitis.

While the majority of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) receives lifelong exogenous insulin replacement therapy, a clinically significant subset remains refractory to achieving optimal glycemic targets, necessitating the exploration of novel adjunctive medications to enhance T1D treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of rosiglitazone (ROZ), a typical thiazolidinedione as selective agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), in the therapeutic management of T1D. The pharmacological effects of ROZ in different T1D mouse models induced by either multiple-low-dose (MLD) or single-high-dose (SHD) streptozotocin (STZ).

Low-level red light inhibits human retinal pigment epithelial cell fibrosis via UBE2C in a myopia-simulating hypoxic microenvironment.

Background: Low-level red light (LLRL) irradiation may inhibit myopia occurrence and progression. Understanding how LLRL inhibits fibrosis in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells is critical to inhibiting myopia progression and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we explored the effects of LLRL on hRPE cells in a myopia-simulating hypoxic microenvironment and elucidated the mechanisms through which it inhibits scleral remodeling.

Ankyrin-G and Its Binding Partners in Neurons: Orchestrating the Molecular Structure of the Axon Initial Segment.

The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized subcellular domain that plays an essential role in action potential initiation and the diffusion barrier. A key organizer of the AIS is Ankyrin-G, a scaffolding protein responsible for clustering voltage-gated ion channels, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and cytoskeletal components at this critical neuronal domain. Recent proteomic analyses have revealed a complex network of proteins in the AIS, emphasizing Ankyrin-G's central role in its molecular architecture.

Regional homogeneity differences in resting-state fMRI between Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type.

Both Parkinson's disease (PD) and the Multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type (MSA-P) belong to the category of α-synucleinopathies, characterized by overlapping clinical manifestations and a high risk of misdiagnosis. The aim of this study is to provide objective imaging biomarkers for differentiating PD from MSA-P. We enrolled 25 patients with PD, 15 patients with MSA-P, and 20 healthy controls (HC).

Government livelihood project - free influenza vaccination for the older population in China: the example of Zhejiang Province.

Influenza vaccination is an effective measure to prevent and control influenza, and countries worldwide consider older people a key recommended population for influenza vaccination. From 2020, Zhejiang Province has provided free influenza vaccination to anyone aged ≥70 years as part of its livelihood projects. In certain counties, the program is also offered to those aged ≥60 years.

Circ_0054633 silencing suppresses hyperglycemia-induced extracellular matrix accumulation in renal mesangial cells by regulating MiR-136-5p/SMAD3 signaling.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), with excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by glomerular mesangial cells being its critical hallmark. circ_0054633, a circular RNA, is a promising biomarker for DM; however, the role of this circular RNA in DKD remains unknown. This study enrolled 10 healthy controls (CT), 10 DM patients, and 10 DKD patients, and serum circ_0054633 expression was analyzed.

infection and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio: a cross-sectional study.

Background: (HP) infection is one of the most common chronic infections worldwide, closely related to various gastrointestinal diseases and metabolic disorders. In recent years, the relationship between HP infection and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism has received significant attention, although its specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the association between HP infection and lipid metabolism abnormalities, particularly the role of the apolipoprotein B/A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) ratio.

Icariside II inhibits gastric cancer progression by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Gastric cancer is one of the common malignant tumours in clinical practice with poor prognosis and high mortality. Icariside II is a single compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine  Maxim, and it is also the main active ingredient of  Maxim that exerts pharmacological effects. Studies have shown that Icariside II has anti-tumour activity, but its mechanism of action on gastric cancer cells is unclear.

HDC/histamine Signaling Axis Drives Macrophage Reprogramming to Promote Angiogenesis in Hindlimb-Ischemic Mice.

Histamine is catalyzed by histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which plays important roles in many physiological and pathological processes, but its role in angiogenesis has not been thoroughly clarified. Here we report that HDC is highly expressed in Ly6C macrophages, rather than in endothelial cells using Hdc-GFP transgenic mice with hindlimb ischemia (HLI) mouse model. Given the whole-process promoting effect of macrophages on angiogenesis, a cluster of HDCCXCR2 macrophages have been identified by single-cell sequencing technology in ischemic tissue.

Evaluation of the causal relationship between 28 circulating biomarkers and osteoarthritis : a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Aims: Circulating biochemistry markers are commonly used to monitor and detect disease-induced dysfunctions including osteoarthritis (OA). However, the causal nature of this relationship is nevertheless largely unknown, due to unmeasured confounding factors from observational studies. We aimed to reveal the causal relationship between 28 circulating biochemistry markers and OA pathogenesis.

Assessment of intraorbital hydroxyapatite implant exposure beyond 10 years of implantation.

Background: To analyze intraorbital Hydroxyapatite(HA) implant exposure occurring beyond ten years of implantation and suggest potential contributing factors.

Design: A retrospective cohort study based in the Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital.

Methods: One hundred and one Chinese patients with HA implant exposure were identified, from which 38 patients with implants exposure after ten years of insertion were selected and analyzed for demographic and medical records, clinical manifestations, surgery type, implant size, exposure area, follow-up duration, complications, details regarding prosthesis care, and treatment methods.

Fumigant dazomet induces tobacco plant growth via changing the rhizosphere microbial community.

After continuous cropping for many years, crops are often subject to growth inhibition, which seriously affects their yields.In agricultural production, soil fumigation can effectively alleviate the biological stress on plants. However, the relationship between the microbial groups that respond to soil fumigation changes and plants, as well as whether their existence makes a beneficial contribution to plants, remains unclear.

Colorful photothermal photonic crystal cotton fabric based on melanin-like polycaffeic acid nanoparticles.

Photothermal materials have been extensively researched and utilized owing to their exceptional energy conversion capabilities. However, developing dual-functional materials with both vivid coloration and efficient photothermal performance remains a significant challenge, primarily because most photothermal materials have an undesirable black appearance. Herein, colorful photothermal polycaffeic photonic crystal (PCfA PC) cotton fabric was successfully created by assembling melanin-like polycaffeic acid nanoparticles (PCfA NPs) with adjustable size and high monodispersity.

Minimally Invasive Management of Infantile Dacryocystitis with Lacrimal Abscess: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Infantile acute dacryocystitis is due to congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in newborns and infants, which involves acute bacterial infection of the lacrimal sac. This report describes a 37-day-old male infant with acute dacryocystitis and lacrimal abscess managed with a modified decompression and nasolacrimal duct probing. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 37-day-old male infant who presented with acute dacryocystitis complicated by a giant lacrimal abscess.

UBE3A controls axon initial segment in the cortical pyramidal neurons.

The axon initial segment (AIS) is a critical regulator of neuronal excitability and the initiation site of action potentials. Alterations in the structural features of AIS, such as length and position, have been shown to influence neuronal function, a phenomenon known as activity-dependent AIS plasticity. In addition to their physiological functions, abnormalities in the AIS have been implicated in various neurological disorders.

MXene Membranes Inserted with Tannic Acid Etched MOF Nanocrystals for Ultrafast Water Permeation: Elucidating the Water Transport Mechanism in Nanoconfined Interlaminar Channels.

Utilizing pore and interlayer engineering within nanoconfined interlaminar channels represents an ingenious approach to design highly permselective MXene (TiCT) membranes. Herein, the tannic acid (TA) etched ZIF-8 (TZIF-8) nanocrystals with hollow structures were effectually inserted into the interlayer spacing of MXene membranes. First, the density functional theory (DFT) results demonstrated the reaction mechanism between TA and ZIF-8.

Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins and Cancer.

Mitochondria play key roles in maintaining cell life and cell function, and their dysfunction can lead to cell damage. Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) are encoded by nuclear genes and are assembled within the mitochondria. MRPs are pivotal components of the mitochondrial ribosomes, which are responsible for translating 13 mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins essential for the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Lithium complexing strategy based on host-guest recognition for efficient Mg/Li separation.

Ion selective membranes with precise Mg/Li separation have attracted extensive interest in lithium extraction to circumvent the lithium supply shortage. However, realizing this target remains a significant challenge mainly due to a high concentration ratio of Mg/Li as well as the relatively close ionic hydration radius and chemical. Herein, inspired by the host-guest recognition between alkali-metal ions and crown ether (CE), a novel approach was proposed to regulate the membrane internal structure by introducing CE to strengthen the complexation between Li and CE.

Astemizole Exacerbates 5-Fluorouracil-Triggered Cardiotoxicity by Enhancing Ptgs2.

5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a commonly utilized antitumor agent for the treatment of colon cancer, is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Antihistamines including astemizole (AST) have been reported to present cardiovascular toxicity; however, it remains unclear how 5-FU-mediated cardiotoxicity is affected by AST during the treatment of colon cancer. This study explored the role of AST in 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity in colon cancer.

Design and Fabrication of a Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Communications from a Low-Permittivity LiAlSiO-Based Ceramic.

A microwave dielectric ceramic based on lithium aluminum silicate (LiAlSiO) with ultralow permittivity was synthesized using the traditional solid-state reaction technique, and its dielectric characteristics at microwave frequencies are presented. The nominal LiAlSiO ceramic exhibited a relative permittivity of 3.95.

Designing multifunctional artificial SEI layers for long-term stability of sodium metal anodes.

Sodium metal batteries, which are low-cost and have great potential for large-scale energy storage, face challenges such as shortened battery life and safety issues due to the uncontrolled growth of sodium dendrites and extensive side reactions during the cycling of sodium metal anodes. In this work, we address these challenges by introducing SnF to the surface of the sodium metal, which in situ generates a stable composite interfacial layer (NaSn@NaF). This interfacial layer contains Na-Sn alloy with a potential gradient and electrically insulating NaF, which promotes uniform deposition of Na ions and effectively suppresses dendrite formation and side reactions.