Three bacterial strains efficiently reduce selenite to selenium nanoparticles in cell membranes.

Microbial synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) as a fertilizer can promote the development of selenium-rich agricultural products. However, most known selenium-reduction strains exhibit a tolerance to selenite of ≤ 100 mmol/L and possess relatively low reduction efficiency. In this study, three strains capable of tolerating selenite concentrations of > 300 mmol/L were screened from selenium-rich soil in Bama, Guangxi, China.

Lipid profiling reveals unsaturated lipid reduction in women with Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disease that disproportionately affects women. This study aimed to investigate sex-specific single lipids associated with AD.

Methods: Plasma samples from 841 participants, comprising 306 individuals with AD, 165 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 370 cognitively healthy controls were curated from the AddNeuroMed cohort.

Combining QTL mapping and transcriptomics to identify candidate genes for cold tolerance during the budding and seedling stages in rice.

Background: Rice, being a thermophilic crop, exhibits high sensitivity to low-temperature stress throughout its growth and development. Consequently, enhancing cold tolerance (CT) has been a paramount objective in rice breeding programs. The budding and seedling stages are particularly susceptible to low-temperature damage, making it crucial to improve CT during these stages to ensure the stable establishment and development of the rice population.

Liraglutide attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis via DHHC7-mediated STAT3 palmitoylation.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate liraglutide's protective effects against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity and ferroptosis, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involving signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling and its post-translational palmitoylation.

Materials And Methods: In vivo models of chronic DOX-induced cardiotoxicity were established in male C57BL/6 J mice. Cardiac function was assessed via echocardiography.

Identification and Functional Characterization of a Geraniol Synthase UrGES from .

, a medicinal plant extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine, is an important plant source of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), but the mechanism of TIA biosynthesis at molecular level remains unclear. Geraniol synthase (GES) serves as a crucial enzyme in catalyzing the formation of geraniol from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) in various plants, but the functional characterization of the gene in has not been investigated. In this study, a was identified and characterized through genome mining and bioinformatic analysis.

Engineering Dual-Mode-Responsive Probes for Real-Time HClO Monitoring in Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Given the critical role of HClO in drug-induced liver injury (DILI), it is essential to establish an accurate and reliable technique for the in situ monitoring of its dynamic changes. Herein, by integrating a phenothiazinecoumarin and a leucomethylene moiety through an aliphatic diamine, a robust dual-mode-responsive HClO probe, , has been judiciously developed. For the first time, can simultaneously respond to HClO through fantastic ratiometric (from 630 to 500 nm) and NIR fluorescence (690 nm) turn-on modes with excellent sensitivity and selectivity, thereby effectively overcoming the limitations of currently reported single-response-mode HClO probes.

Oral olsalazine/ellagic acid/ZnCl-modified in situ-forming hydrogels alleviates anxiety/depression-like symptoms and brain neural activity in colitis mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a kind of chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease, which accompanied by various abnormal psychological states, such as anxiety and depression. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of IBD with depression is still unclear. Herein, we synthesized an enable a drinkable, liquid in situ-forming hydrogel, which form directly in the stomach through sequential ingestion of a crosslinker solution of CaCl and ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL), followed by a drug-containing polymer solution of sodium alginate (SA).

Hyperbranched Rolling Circle Amplification Enabled Nanopore Sensing Platforms for Ultrasensitive Multiplex MicroRNA Detection and Logic-Gated Molecular Diagnostics.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial biomarker candidates and therapeutic targets for various diseases and cancers, where precise trace-level detection holds significant value for early clinical diagnosis. However, the development of ultrasensitive, isothermal, cost-effective, and reliable miRNA detection platforms remains challenging in clinical applications. Herein, we present a nanopore sensing strategy based on hyperbranched rolling circle amplification (HRCA) for label-free detection and logic-gated diagnosis of miR-122 and miR-141.

Integrated study on the genome, transcriptome, and metabolome of Gelsemium elegans and mining of related enzyme genes involved in koumine biosynthesis.

Gelsemium elegans a plant of the Loganiaceae family, is highly toxic and contains many alkaloids of potential pharmacological value. Koumine, is the most abundant component of G. elegans, and belongs to monoterpene indole alkaloids and is valued in medical research as it has important anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties.

Genetic Distinctiveness in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cancer: Identifying Key Genomic Signatures through Differentially Expressed Gene Analysis.

Background: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer type and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 80% of all lung cancer cases and includes two main subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Understanding the differences in genes causing the proliferation of LUAD and LUSC is key to advancing the diagnosis and targeted treatment development.

Expanding the understanding of insulin resistance in brain and periphery.

Insulin resistance is a central feature of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). While studies on this disorder have largely been linked to glucose metabolism and intracellular signaling, recent advances reveal that insulin resistance extends beyond traditional glucose regulatory pathways, impacting multiple organs including the brain, contributing to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This opinion revisits insulin resistance through molecular, cellular, and systemic perspectives, emphasizing the intersection between peripheral and brain insulin resistance (BIR), the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and emerging biomarkers.

Loss of insulin signaling in microglia impairs cellular uptake of Aβ and neuroinflammatory response exacerbating AD-like neuropathology.

Insulin receptors are present on cells throughout the body, including the brain. Dysregulation of insulin signaling in neurons and astrocytes has been implicated in altered mood, cognition, and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To define the role of insulin signaling in microglia, the primary phagocytes in the brain critical for maintenance and damage repair, we created mice with an inducible microglia-specific insulin receptor knockout (MG-IRKO).

A midbrain circuit mechanism for noise-induced negative valence coding.

Unpleasant sounds elicit a range of negative emotional reactions, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we show that glutamatergic neurons in the central inferior colliculus (CIC) relay noise information to GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) via the cuneiform nucleus (CnF), encoding negative emotions in mice. In contrast, the CIC→medial geniculate (MG) canonical auditory pathway processes salient stimuli.

Development of a novel dual-emission probe for accurate detection and imaging of HClO in environmental and biological systems.

Hypochlorous acid (HClO) plays a crucial role in public and personal hygiene. However, the residual presence of HClO in water may pose potential risks to human health. Concurrently, HClO is indispensable in biological systems.

Combining anti-PD-1 antibodies with surufatinib for gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma: Two cases report and review of literature.

Background: Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma (GI NEC) has a low incidence rate and poor prognosis. Most patients already have metastatic disease when they are diagnosed. Platinum chemotherapy is the main means of treating metastatic GI NECs.

SGLT2 inhibitor in a type 2 diabetes mellitus patient coexisted with central diabetes insipidus following hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.

Background: Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare complication following a hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The coexistence of T2DM and CDI can lead to diagnostic challenges, particularly when the patients present with persistent hypernatremia without a sense of thirst.

Case Presentation: This case report describes a young woman with T2DM and HHS who developed persistent hypernatremia without thirst.

Target-Specific Locked Nucleic Acid Gapmer Decreases Growth and Metastases of Pancreatic Cancer.

Precision medicine and genomic profiling with target-specific therapy directed to cancer cell receptors have improved the outcome of many recalcitrant cancers. Strategies to deliver gene therapy to downregulate cancer driver genes have been challenging in vivo. Pancreatic cancer has the poorest survival of all solid tumors due to the lack of target-specific therapies and its characteristic tumor microenvironment with dense fibrosis and abundant immunosuppressive M2-polarized macrophages.

Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with MiR-100-5p Antagonist Selectively Target the Lesioned Region to Promote Recovery from Brain Damage.

Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage poses a high risk of death or lifelong disability, yet effective treatments remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that miR-100-5p levels in the lesioned cortex increased after HI insult in neonatal mice. Knockdown of miR-100-5p expression in the brain attenuated brain injury and promoted functional recovery, through inhibiting the cleaved-caspase-3 level, microglia activation, and the release of proinflammation cytokines following HI injury.

A Study on Dining-Out Habits Among Beijing Residents: A Case of Fast Food.

: With the continuous elevation of living standards, dining-out behavior has become increasingly prevalent among urban residents. The acceleration of lifestyle rhythms has prompted fast food to emerge as a frequently considered dietary option for urban residents when dining out. This study aims to investigate the current status and characteristics of dining-out habits for fast-food consumption among urban residents in Beijing.

Circulating inflammatory cytokines and risk of aortic stenosis: A Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Observational studies have consistently reported positive associations between inflammatory biomarkers and the risk of developing aortic stenosis (AS). However, it is crucial to acknowledge that conventional observational studies are prone to various forms of bias, including reverse causation and residual confounding. To delve deeper into unraveling the potential causal relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and aortic stenosis, we conducted a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Lrtm1: A Novel Sensor of Insulin Signaling and Regulator of Metabolism and Activity.

Insulin regulates glucose uptake and metabolism in muscle via the insulin receptor. Here, we show that Lrtm1 (leucine-rich repeat and transmembrane domain 1), a protein of unknown function enriched in insulin-responsive metabolic tissues, senses changes in insulin signaling in muscle and serves as a regulator of metabolic response. Thus, whole-body Lrtm1-deficient mice exhibit a reduced percentage of fat mass, an increased percentage of lean mass, and an enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared with control mice under both chow and high-fat diet conditions.

Remodeling tumor microenvironment by versatile nanoplatform orchestrated mechanotherapy with chemoimmunotherapy to synergistically enhance anticancer efficiency.

Solid tumors (particularly the desmoplastic ones) usually harbor insurmountable mechanical barriers and formidable immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which severely restricted nanomedicine-penetration and vastly crippled outcomes of numerous therapies. To overcome these barriers, a versatile nanoplatform orchestrated mechanotherapy with chemoimmunotherapy was developed here to simultaneously modulate tumor physical barriers and remodel TME for synergistically enhancing anticancer efficiency. Dexamethasone (DMS) and cis-aconityl-doxorubicin (CAD) were co-hitchhiked into phenylboronic acid functionalized polyethylenimine (PEI-PBA) carrier, and further in situ shielded by aldehyde-modified polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form CAD/DMS@PEG/PEI-PBA (CD@PB) nanoparticles (NPs).

A molecularly distinct cell type in the midbrain regulates intermale aggression behaviors in mice.

: The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a central hub for the regulation of aggression, whereas the circuitry and molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation remain uncharacterized. In this study, we investigate the role of a distinct cell type, -expressing (Tac2) neurons, located in the dorsomedial PAG (dmPAG) and their modulation of aggressive behavior in mice. : We combined activity mapping, Ca recording, chemogenetic and pharmacological manipulation, and a viral-based translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) profiling using a mouse resident-intruder model.