A multifunctional L-arginine-linked melanin Nanozyme for Theranostic applications in liver fibrosis: Non-invasive dual-modal imaging and reactive oxygen species scavenging for Pyroptosis suppression.

Liver fibrosis, a pivotal pathological stage in the progression of chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is characterized by liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) capillarization, oxidative stress imbalance, and cell pyroptosis. Current clinical interventions show limited efficacy in reversing fibrosis, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we developed an L-arginine-loaded melanin-like nanozyme (L-Arg@MeNPs) that targets liver fibrosis through a triple-action mechanism: (1) sustained nitric oxiderelease from L-Arg restores LSEC fenestration, improving sinusoidal permeability; (2) the MeNPs exhibit catalase/superoxide dismutase-mimicking activity to scavenge reactive oxygen species, thereby blocking the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3/caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis pathway; and (3) intrinsic photoacoustic/magnetic resonance dual-modal imaging enables real-time therapeutic monitoring.

Effects of immersive virtual reality training on the adaptive skills of children and adolescents with high functioning autism spectrum disorder: a mixed-methods pre-post study.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by social deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors, with fewer than 10% achieving independent adulthood. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) provides a novel training approach through interactive and realistic environments. This study developed an IVR system to enhance adaptive skills in children and adolescents with high-functioning ASD.

Novel Environmentally-Friendly Process for Selective Extraction and Enrichment of DHA/EPA-Containing Phospholipids from Krill Oil via Differential Temperature-Controlled Crystallization.

This study presents a novel environmentally-friendly process for the selective extraction and enrichment of DHA/EPA-containing phospholipids (PL-DHA/EPA) from krill oil. The methodology leverages differential crystallization behavior between phospholipids and triacylglycerols in ethanolic solutions, exploiting their distinct freezing point thresholds to achieve precise fractionation. Response surface methodology optimization identified optimal extraction parameters: liquid-to-material ratio of 6:1 (/), freezing temperature of -20 °C, freezing duration of 25 h, and rotary evaporation temperature of 45 °C, yielding a final product with 39.

Recent advances in DHA-containing phospholipids (PL-DHA): Sources, position-specific effects, metabolic pathways, and biological activities.

Docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipid (PL-DHA) exhibits superior bioavailability compared to conventional DHA formulations. Derived primarily from Antarctic krill or enzymatic synthesis, PL-DHA's molecular architecture-specifically its position-dependent distribution within the glycerol backbone and polar headgroup variations-critically influences membrane dynamics. Sn-1 position DHA generates "U-shaped" configurations affecting membrane fluidity, while sn-2 position maintains "hairpin" conformations optimal for enzymatic recognition.

Study on acoustic emission evolution features of gas-bearing coal under different gas pressures.

To explore gas pressure of coal samples under uniaxial compression condition the influence of the acoustic emission features, based on the uniaxial compression acoustic emission monitoring test, the acoustic emission parameters of coal samples under different gas pressure gradients are monitored and analyzed. The gas version RFPA simulation software was used to simulate the spatial and temporal evolution of acoustic emission of coal samples under different gas pressure conditions. The results show that the acoustic emission feature parameters of gas-bearing coal samples show a significant linear decreasing trend with the increase of gas pressure.

Reconstructing Pristine Molecular Orbitals from Scanning Tunneling Microscope Images via Artificial Intelligence Approaches.

Molecular orbital (MO) is one of the most fundamental concepts for molecules, relating to all branches of chemistry, while scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been widely recognized for its potential to measure the spatial distribution of MOs. However, the precise characterization of MO with high resolution in real space is a long-standing challenge owing to the inevitable interference of high-angular-momentum contributions from functionalized tips in STM. Here, leveraging advances in artificial intelligence for image recognition, we establish a physics-driven deep-learning network, named STM-Net, to reconstruct MOs from high-resolution STM images with a functionalized tip, taking advantage of the separable characteristics of different angular momentum contributions.

Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction-Coupled Dechlorination Promoting Acylation Reaction for Aromatic Ester Synthesis.

Aromatic ester compounds are one of the most versatile chemicals in many applications. Acylation reactions using acyl chlorides as building blocks are of great significance for their synthesis. However, novel and efficient strategies for acyl chlorides formation are limited.

Ultrasound-assisted ethanol induced gelation of egg white: Effects on gel properties, water distribution and microstructure.

This study explored the mechanism by which ultrasound (0-180 W) assisted ethanol (25 % and 30 %) enhances the gel properties of egg white gel (EWG). The results showed that ultrasonic treatment (stabilized at 120 W) prominently improved hardness, springiness and water holding capacity (WHC) (approximately 2 times, 1.5 times and 1.

Global pattern, trend, and cross-country health inequality of adult acne aged 25 + years from 1990 to 2021, a comprehensive analysis for global burden of disease and global dietary database.

Background: The epidemiology and burden of adult acne have not been comprehensively evaluated. This study aims to analyze the global disease burden of adult acne from 1990 to 2021 and explore potential risk factors.

Methods: With Global Burden of Disease (GBD), we got all the incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding age-standardised rate (ASR) of acne vulgaris (25 + years).

Modeling and Analysis of Torsional Stiffness in Rehabilitation Robot Joints Using Fractal Theory.

The torsional stiffness of rehabilitation robot joints is a critical performance determinant, significantly affecting motion accuracy, stability, and user comfort. This paper introduces an innovative traction drive mechanism that transmits torque through friction forces, overcoming mechanical impact issues of traditional gear transmissions, though accurately modeling surface roughness effects remains challenging. Based on fractal theory, this study presents a comprehensive torsional stiffness analysis for advanced traction drive joints.

A Dual Recognition-Enabled Amplification (DREAM) Strategy Based on Proximity Ligation-Mediated DNA Cascade Circuit for Extracellular Vesicle Detection and Cancer Diagnosis.

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) are potential biomarkers for noninvasive cancer diagnosis. However, accurate and sensitive detection of tEVs is hampered by their high heterogeneity, as well as the potential interference from biological samples. Herein, a ual ecognition-nabled plification (DREAM) strategy is established, which employs dual aptamers to specifically recognize two exosomal membrane proteins, initiating a proximity ligation-mediated self-reproducing DNA cascade circuit based on catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) for fluorescence detection of tEVs.

Trends and projections of heart failure among adolescents and young adults: an in-depth analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: The prevalence of heart failure (HF) continues to rise with a growing impact on younger populations, while epidemiological comprehensive data on HF in adolescents and young adults remain scarce.

Objectives: This study aimed to report population shifts and HF burden among individuals aged 15-49 years from 1990 to 2021, with projections through 2035.

Methods: Data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 for individuals aged 15-49 years.

Efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate by sulfur vacancies engineered NiCoS spheres for norfloxacin degradation.

The development of efficient heterogeneous catalyst materials for the removal of antibiotic residues is crucial for safeguarding public health and environmental ecosystem. In this work, NiCoS spheres with sulfur vacancies (NiCoS-V) was synthesized using hydrothermal method followed by HO oxidation for effective norfloxacin (NOR) degradation in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). By optimizing the synthesis parameters, NiCoS-V achieved an 88 % removal of NOR within 10 min through PMS activation.

Burden of Breast Cancer Disease Among Older Adults in Asian Countries From 1990 to 2021.

Purpose: This study used the latest data of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to comprehensively analyze the burden of breast cancer among older adults (age >65 years) in Asian countries.

Methods: Our focus was on breast cancer metrics in Asia, specifically incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) using GBD 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were used to quantify the trends of age-standardized rates (ASRs).

Molecular subtyping dictates therapeutic response to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in ES-SCLC.

Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy is recommended as standard of care for patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC); however, there are no reliable biomarkers guiding patient selection and the survival benefit of PD-L1 inhibitors in the overall population is limited. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed a total number of 61 cases of ES-SCLC who underwent anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. Patient demographic characteristics and laboratory findings were processed for univariate and multivariate analysis.

Monitoring and prevention of gas explosions in underground coal mines using a co-prototype design model for dynamic disaster response.

The design of gas explosion rescue equipment is crucial to ensure the safety of miners while also enhancing the emergency response capabilities of safety personnel in Chinese coal mines. This study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, in-depth interviews with coal mine personnel were conducted in accordance with crowdsourced collaborative design theory, yielding 22 specific design requirements for gas explosion rescue equipment, based upon which prototype designs were developed in the second phase.

The Challenge in Burden of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Perspective From the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) poses significant clinical management challenges due to gaps in understanding its global epidemiology. We analyzed PAH-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), deaths, and prevalence from 1990 to 2021. Age-period-cohort models and regression analyses assessed temporal trends and projected burdens to 2050.

Strategies for enhancing the antibacterial efficacy of lysozyme and the resulting outcome.

Lysozyme is a biological macromolecule with potent bactericidal activity, providing a foundation for its use as a natural preservative. It was extensively applicated in the food and pharmaceutical industries, where its active properties are harnessed effectively and sustainably. However, the effect of natural lysozyme on individual gram-positive bacteria and most gram-negative bacteria is not ideal.

LncRNA H19 inhibited dermal papilla cell senescence process through miR-29a by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Androgenetic alopecia is a common type of hair loss disease. As the most promising seeder for cell-based therapy, dermal papilla cells are prone to undergo premature senescence during passaging in vitro. Our previous studies revealed high expression of lncRNA H19 in early-passage dermal papilla cells and the maintenance of hair follicle-inducing ability upon prolonged culture.

Need for Mechanisms to Monitor Ocean Circulation-Driven Seagrass Population Expansions.

Seagrass beds are increasingly degraded; however, their protection and restoration are still confined to localized marine areas, making it difficult to establish connectivity between differently protected and restored areas. One limiting factor is the lack of understanding of the processes and mechanisms contributing to seagrass population expansion at the ocean area scale, which is the main driver of seagrass dispersal via oceanic circulation. Coastal China.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Risk Perception and Risk Information on PTSD in Frontline Healthcare Workers.

Background: The COVID-19 Delta variant caused an outbreak in Guangdong in mid-May 2021. The risk information and risk perception of COVID-19 have been considered factors associated with mental health statuses, especially posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in frontline healthcare workers.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the interactive relationship in risk information and risk perception of COVID-19 and PTSD in healthcare personnel from the emergency department.

Durvalumab-induced organizing pneumonia in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A case report and literature review.

The etoposide-carboplatin and anti-PD-L1 combination has become the standard-of-care for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). This combinational strategy is well tolerated with manageable immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). In this report, we presented a rare immediate irAE after one course of anti-tumor treatment.

The role of attachment styles in post-traumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth in the Shidu parents of China.

Background: The number of Shidu parents in China is significant and expected to continue increasing. The psychological status of Shidu parents deserves more attention.

Objective: Our objective is to investigate the impact of post-traumatic stress disorder and attachment styles among Shidu parents on post-traumatic growth, with the aim of providing valuable insights for alleviating post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and enhancing levels of post-traumatic growth following trauma.