Towards expert-level autonomous carotid ultrasonography with large-scale learning-based robotic system.

Carotid ultrasound requires skilled operators due to small vessel dimensions and high anatomical variability, exacerbating sonographer shortages and diagnostic inconsistencies. Prior automation attempts, including rule-based approaches with manual heuristics and reinforcement learning trained in simulated environments, demonstrate limited generalizability and fail to complete real-world clinical workflows. Here, we present UltraBot, a fully learning-based autonomous carotid ultrasound robot, achieving human-expert-level performance through four innovations: (1) A unified imitation learning framework for acquiring anatomical knowledge and scanning operational skills; (2) A large-scale expert demonstration dataset (247,000 samples, 100 × scale-up), enabling embodied foundation models with strong generalization; (3) A comprehensive scanning protocol ensuring full anatomical coverage for biometric measurement and plaque screening; (4) The clinical-oriented validation showing over 90% success rates, expert-level accuracy, up to 5.

PRMT1 oligomerization regulates RNA-binding protein cascade to promote pancreatic cancer.

PRMT1 is the predominant type I protein arginine methyltransferase responsible for generating monomethylarginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (MMA and ADMA) in various protein substrates. It regulates numerous biological processes, including RNA metabolism, mRNA splicing, DNA damage repair, and chromatin dynamics. The crystal structure of rat PRMT1 has been previously reported as a homodimer; however, higher-order oligomeric species of human PRMT1 have been observed in vivo, and their structural basis remains elusive.

Acid-Enzyme Derived Agarotriose Facilitates Anti-Inflammatory Activity for Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Alleviation as a Food Supplement.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with inadequate therapeutic options and has a significant impact on patient quality of life. We optimized the preparation of agarotriose (A3), a functional oligosaccharide, and assessed its health-promoting potential in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC mouse model. The beneficial effects of A3 were evaluated through histopathological, biochemical, immunological, and transcriptomic analyses.

Do Language Model Agents Align with Humans in Rating Visualizations? An Empirical Study.

Large language models (LLMs) show potential in understanding visualizations and may capture design knowledge. However, their ability to predict human feedback remains unclear. To explore this, we conduct three studies evaluating the alignment between LLM-based agents and human ratings in visualization tasks.

Multistage Optimizing Optical Limiting by Introducing Platinum Species in Metal-Porphyrinic Framework Thin Films.

Designing multimechanistic composite materials to overcome the boundedness of individual optical limiting (OL) materials is extremely important but remains challenging. Herein, the Pt species decorated metal-porphyrinic framework thin film was first fabricated by impregnating the ZnTCPP(H) MOF thin film with the KPtCl precursor and HCHO reduction approach and serves as an effective OL device. The resulting Pt NPs@ZnTCPP(Pt) thin film synergistically combines the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of metallic/organic nanostructures and exhibits strong OL performance with a giant nonlinear absorption coefficient (6.

Homoharringtonine Promotes FTO Degradation to Suppress LILRB4-Mediated Immune Evasion in Acute Monocytic Leukaemia.

Acute monocytic leukaemia, a subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), is a highly aggressive malignancy characterised by a poor prognosis, primarily due to the ability of leukaemic cells to evade immune surveillance. In this study, we demonstrate that homoharringtonine (HHT), an FDA-approved therapeutic agent for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), inhibits this immune evasion by targeting the FTO/m6A/LILRB4 signalling pathway in monocytic AML. Utilising RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and various functional assays, we reveal that HHT treatment significantly reduces LILRB4 expression at both the RNA and protein levels, suggesting that the effects of HHT on LILRB4 are distinct from its well-established role as a protein synthesis inhibitor.

Sword and Board in One: A Bioinspired Nanocomposite Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) faces far from a one-dimensional challenge. It demands a multifunctional membrane to possess paradoxical but essential properties in sophisticated clinical scenarios. Drawing inspiration from natural biological structures and superior properties, through a combination of structure innovation and composition regulation, a multicomponent nacre-inspired discontinuous Bouligand structure is devised and transcribed into a bioinspired Janus nanocomposite membrane with comprehensive properties for GBR, identical to "sword and board.

When therapy-induced senescence meets tumors: A double-edged sword: A review.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences tumor development, progression, and clinical outcomes. Therapy-induced cellular senescence is a fundamental process affecting the microenvironment. This review summarizes the characteristics of therapy-induced cellular senescence, its beneficial and detrimental effects on the TME, and the underlying mechanisms contributing to its dual effects.

The Fli1 transcription factor aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction by regulating CXCL2 promoter.

Objective: Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMEC) injury is a hallmark of septic acute lung injury (ALI). Elevation of chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 2 (CXCL2) is associated with inflammatory response in various diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of CXCL2 in septic ALI.

Anisotropically Thermal-Protective Porous Ceramics Enabled by Nacre-Like Framework.

Ever more severe energy dilemma and unfulfilled demands for thermal protection applications have drawn a great interest in developing thermal protective materials. Though great progress is achieved by implementing several advanced micro-architectures, the conflict between thermal insulation and mechanical properties, along with the complex manufacturing process, remains the main obstacles for fabricating ideal integrated thermal insulation materials. Here, a scalable nacre-like porous ceramic is reported with a good combination of thermal insulation and mechanical strength (≈0.

Enhanced gain in O-band quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier based on a dual-pass amplification scheme.

Quantum dot (QD)-based semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are critical amplifying elements for future high-speed, cost-effective optical communication networks. In this work, we demonstrate a high-gain 1.3 µm QD SOA with a proposed dual-pass configuration, achieving a record small-signal gain of 44.

Gradient double-twisted Bouligand structural design for high impact resistance over a wide range of loading velocities.

Structural materials for protective applications are exposed to complex environments including impacts under a wide range of loading velocities. Bioinspired Bouligand-type structural materials show high impact resistance under quasi-static and low-velocity impacts. However, their protective performance under high-velocity impact is lacking investigation.

BAG2 Inhibits Cervical Cancer Progression by Modulating Type I Interferon Signaling through Stabilizing STING.

Cervical cancer possesses high morbidity and mortality rates, and a comprehensive understanding of its molecular underpinnings is essential for advancing clinical management strategies. The innate immune sensor STING, which activates type I interferon signaling, plays a pivotal role in enhancing anti-tumor activity. Despite increased attention to STING's involvement in cervical cancer, the regulatory mechanisms governing its protein homeostasis remain poorly understood.

VisTaxa: Developing a Taxonomy of Historical Visualizations.

Historical visualizations are a rich resource for visualization research. While taxonomy is commonly used to structure and understand the design space of visualizations, existing taxonomies primarily focus on contemporary visualizations and largely overlook historical visualizations. To address this gap, we describe an empirical method for taxonomy development.

DTBIA: An Immersive Visual Analytics System for Brain-Inspired Research.

The Digital Twin Brain (DTB) is an advanced artificial intelligence framework that integrates spiking neurons to simulate complex cognitive functions and collaborative behaviors. For domain experts, visualizing the DTB's simulation outcomes is essential to understanding complex cognitive activities. However, this task poses significant challenges due to DTB data's inherent characteristics, including its high-dimensionality, temporal dynamics, and spatial complexity.

ChartInsighter: An Approach for Mitigating Hallucination in Time-Series Chart Summary Generation With a Benchmark Dataset.

Effective chart summary can significantly reduce the time and effort decision makers spend interpreting charts, enabling precise and efficient communication of data insights. Previous studies have faced challenges in generating accurate and semantically rich summaries of time-series data charts. In this paper, we identify summary elements and common hallucination types in the generation of time-series chart summaries, which serve as our guidelines for automatic generation.

Real-Time Self-Optimization of Quantum Dot Laser Emissions During Machine Learning-Assisted Epitaxy.

Traditional methods for optimizing light source emissions rely on a time-consuming trial-and-error approach. While in situ optimization of light source gain media emission during growth is ideal, it has yet to be realized. In this work, in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is integrated with machine learning (ML) to correlate the surface reconstruction with the photoluminescence (PL) of InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs), which serve as the active region of lasers.

Novel metabolic pathways of bioelectrochemical vanadate reduction by Thiobacillus denitrificans without exogenous electron donor supplementation in groundwater.

Microbially mediated vanadate [V(V)] reduction is well accepted as a sustainable approach for remediating V-polluted groundwater. However, this process relies on exogenous electron donors, which is challenging to control precisely and inject into aquifer. In this study, bioelectrochemical V(V) reduction by autotrophic Thiobacillus denitrificans was demonstrated without exogenous electron donor supplementation.

RNF112 Facilitates Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation of c-Myc, Suppressing Proliferation, Migration and Lipid Synthesis in Bladder Cancer.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF112 is significantly downregulated in bladder cancer (BLCA) and is correlated with disease progression. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that RNF112 suppresses BLCA cell proliferation, migration, and lipid synthesis. Mechanistically, RNF112 directly interacts with the MB II domain of MYC through its N-terminal zinc finger motif, and its catalytic site C97 facilitates K48-linked polyubiquitination of the K389 residue on the c-Myc protein, accelerating its degradation.

Remediation of vanadium(V)-contaminated groundwater by the Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, FeO, and biochar composite.

Vanadium, essential for steel production and energy storage, is increasingly found in groundwater due to extensive mining and industrial activities. Its high mobility and reactivity pose significant environmental risks. This study developed an Shewanella oneidensis MR-1- FeO-biochar composite to enhance vanadium bioremediation.

Modelling and optimization of Ge/GaAs uni-travelling carrier photodiodes.

Uni-Travelling-Carrier Photodiodes (UTC-PDs) are pivotal for the advancement of high-speed optical communication systems. Current UTC-PDs have a trade-off between high performance and low production costs. The performance of conventional Ge/Si UTC-PDs is limited by the materials, primarily due to the relatively low electron mobility of Si compared with that of GaAs and InP.

FBXW7/GSK3β-mediated proline-rich 11 degradation promotes oxidative DNA damage and inhibits tumor progression in renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly malignant and common urological tumor. In our previous study, we reported the upregulation of PRR11 in RCC, emphasizing its important role in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. In this follow-up study, we aim to further investigate the carcinogenic mechanism of PRR11.

GNNFairViz: Visual Analysis for Graph Neural Network Fairness.

Recent advancements in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) show promise for various applications like social networks and financial networks. However, they exhibit fairness issues, particularly in human-related decision contexts, risking unfair treatment of groups historically subject to discrimination. While several visual analytics studies have explored fairness in machine learning (ML), few have tackled the particular challenges posed by GNNs.

Narrative Player: Reviving Data Narratives With Visuals.

Data-rich documents are commonly found across various fields such as business, finance, and science. However, a general limitation of these documents for reading is their reliance on text to convey data and facts. Visual representation of text aids in providing a satisfactory reading experience in comprehension and engagement.