The dietary inflammation index and body mass index mediate the association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and sarcopenia in older women: evidence from NHANES 2011-2018.

Background: The dietary index of gut microbiota (DI-GM) was developed to assess dietary quality by reflecting the diversity of the gut microbiota composition. This study examined the relationship between DI-GM and sarcopenia risk and evaluated the potential moderating effects of diet-related factors on sarcopenia risk in adult individuals.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 8,872 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database between 2011 and 2018.

Modulating the periodicity of plasmonic lithography by high-repetition-rate laser-driven heat accumulation.

We experimentally demonstrated the fabrication of highly regular laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) on an amorphous silicon film coating on a copper substrate. Driven by femtosecond laser-plasmon interference-induced photochemical reactions, we achieved an increase of the LIPSS periodicity from 752 to 870 nm by heating the hybrid film from 298.15 to 368.

Pathogen virulence genes: Advances, challenges and future directions in infectious disease research (Review).

Pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, employ virulence genes to invade their hosts, circumvent immunity and induce diseases. The present review examines the categorization and regulatory mechanisms of virulence genes and their co‑evolution with antimicrobial resistance. The present review focused on the fimbrial adhesion H adhesion gene of , the spike protein gene of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the enhanced filamentous growth protein 1 (EFG1) morphological transition gene of , as well as their roles in host adhesion, immune evasion and tissue damage.

Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Hydrogel Microspheres Loaded with Epigallocatechin Gallate for Effective Osteoarthritis Therapy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage degeneration and inflammation. In this study, we developed a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive water-in-hydrogel microsphere system (EGCG-TSPBA@WHM) for targeted delivery of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The system exhibited sustained release, excellent biocompatibility, and cartilage-targeting capability via WYRGRL peptide modification.

Study on the synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite assisted by sodium dodecyl sulfate significantly enhances the adsorption performance of rhodamine B.

In this study, we synthesized sodium dodecyl sulfate modified hydroxyapatite (SDS-HAP) to enhance the removal efficiency of rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The SDS-HAP prepared using the sol-gel method exhibited a significantly higher adsorption capacity compared to pristine HAP. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), N adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were utilized to systematically investigate the morphological and structural changes.

CXCL12-targeting siRNA nanoparticles alleviate immunosuppression and inhibit tumor progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is associated with a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), driven in part by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that promote immune evasion through the secretion of CXCL12. CXCL12 interacts with the CXCR4 receptor on immune cells, disrupting CD8 T cell migration and anti-tumor function. To address this, we developed an innovative siRNA-based therapeutic approach targeting CXCL12 in CAFs.

Harmine-mediated Reduction of Bone Cancer Pain in Rats Correlates With Suppressed DYRK1A/NF-κB Signaling Axis.

Background: Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a prevalent chronic pain condition and a common clinical symptom in patients with advanced cancer. It significantly affects the mobility and quality of life of patients; however, current treatments offer limited efficacy. Harmine, a beta-carboline alkaloid extracted from , exhibits anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties.

rs73530508 polymorphism affects susceptibility to esophageal cancer by regulating indolepropionic acid levels.

Background: Tryptophan metabolism is involved in esophageal carcinogenesis. However, its genetic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of genetic variants that encode tryptophan metabolism on susceptibility to esophageal cancer (EC) and elucidate the mechanisms underlying genetic variation in EC progression.

Quantum leap in medical mentorship: exploring ChatGPT's transition from textbooks to terabytes.

ChatGPT, an advanced AI language model, presents a transformative opportunity in several fields including the medical education. This article examines the integration of ChatGPT into healthcare learning environments, exploring its potential to revolutionize knowledge acquisition, personalize education, support curriculum development, and enhance clinical reasoning. The AI's ability to swiftly access and synthesize medical information across various specialties offers significant value to students and professionals alike.

Association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and female infertility: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2013-2018.

Background: Infertility poses a substantial societal and economic burden; however, current preventive strategies are limited. Recently, the relationship between gut microbiota and infertility has garnered increasing attention. The dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) is a new index that reflects the diversity of the gut microbiota.

Regulatory T Cell Infiltration-Driven Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies SAP18 as a Prognostic Marker for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is characterized by molecular heterogeneity and distinct patterns of immune cell infiltration. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), in particular, play a critical role in shaping an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which is associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Methods: We developed a prognostic model by integrating GEO-derived bulk RNA sequencing data and single-cell transcriptome.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of (E)-1-(4-(2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)vinyl)phenyl) derivatives as next generation selective RET inhibitors overcoming RET solvent front mutations (G810C/R).

RET is a well-recognized drug target for cancer treatment. Despite the promising efficacy of selective second-generation RET inhibitors Selpercatinib and Pralsetinib, the clinical benefits have been compromised due to the quickly developed resistance to these drugs. RET G810 mutations at the solvent front site have been identified as the major on-target mutations contributing to resistance against Selpercatinib and Pralsetinib.

Curcumin analog C16 attenuates bone cancer pain induced by MADB 106 breast cancer cells in female rats and inhibits the CREB/NLGN2 signaling axis by targeting CaMKⅠα.

Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most severe complications faced by patients with cancer; however, current pharmacological options are limited. Curcumin has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties; however, our preliminary research found that the analgesic efficiency of curcumin is not high in BCP. Consequently, curcumin analogs have emerged as a significant focus of our research.

Single-cell immune profiling and validation of PBMCs in the onset of and recovery from herpes zoster.

To gain deeper insights into pathogenesis of herpes zoster, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from male patients mostly were subjected to single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and ATAC-seq analysis. Here we show a detailed immune cell profile in the onset of and recovery from herpes zoster, revealing proportion alterations of the subpopulations, which were validated by flow cytometric analysis and comparison of blood routine data. The integrative analysis of the transcriptomes and epigenomes provided a comprehensive description and validation of the key changes in peripheral blood.

Simultaneous profiling of RNA isoforms and chromatin accessibility of single cells of human retinal organoids.

Single-cell multi-omics sequencing is a powerful approach to analyze complex mechanisms underlying neuronal development and regeneration. However, current methods lack the ability to simultaneously profile RNA alternative splicing and chromatin accessibility at the single-cell level. We develop a technique, single-cell RNA isoform and chromatin accessibility sequencing (scRICA-seq), which demonstrates higher sensitivity and cost-effectiveness compared to existing methods.

Comparative single-cell transcriptomic analysis across tissues of aging primates reveals specific autologous activation of ZNF281 to mitigate oxidative stress in cornea.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress accelerate cellular aging, but their impact on different tissues varies. The cornea, known for its robust antioxidant defense systems, is relatively resistant to age-related diseases like cancer. However, the precise mechanisms by which the cornea maintains ROS homeostasis during aging remain unclear.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on diabetic foot ulcer healing: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: To systematically review the effect of vitamin D supplementation on diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) healing.

Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Science direct, Ebsco host, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the impact of vitamin D supplementation on DFUs from inception to 19 November 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.

PHLDA1-PRDM1 mediates the effect of lentiviral vectors on fate-determination of human retinal progenitor cells.

Lentiviral vectors have markedly enhanced gene therapy efficiency in treating congenital diseases, but their long-term safety remains controversial. Most gene therapies for congenital eye diseases need to be carried out at early ages, yet the assessment of related risks to ocular development posed by lentiviral vectors is challenging. Utilizing single-cell transcriptomic profiling on human retinal organoids, this study explored the impact of lentiviral vectors on the retinal development and found that lentiviral vectors can cause retinal precursor cells to shift toward photoreceptor fate through the up-regulation of key fate-determining genes such as PRDM1.

N4-acetylcytidine acetylation of neurexin 2 in the spinal dorsal horn regulates hypersensitivity in a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain.

Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) significantly impacts the quality of life and survival of patients with advanced cancer. Despite the established role of neurexins in synaptic structure and function, their involvement in sensory processing during injury has not been extensively studied. In this study using a rat model of CIBP, we observed increased neurexin 2 expression in spinal cord neurons.

Anatomically-Inspired Robotic Finger with SMA Tendon Actuation for Enhanced Biomimetic Functionality.

This research introduces an advanced robotic finger designed for future generalist robots, closely mimicking the natural structure of the human finger. The incorporation of rarely discussed anatomical structures, including tendon sheath, ligaments, and palmar plates, combined with the usage of anatomically proven 3D models of the finger, give rise to the highly accurate replication of human-like soft mechanical fingers. Benefiting from the accurate anatomy of muscle insertions with the utilization of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires' muscle-like actuation properties, the bonding in-between the flexor tendons and extensor tendons allows for the realization of the central and lateral band of the finger anatomy.

Therapeutic potential of ADSC-EV-derived lncRNA DLEU2: A novel molecular pathway in alleviating sepsis-induced lung injury via the miR-106a-5p/LXN axis.

This study investigates the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) promote M2 polarization of macrophages and thus reduce lung injury caused by sepsis. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes related to long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in ADSC-derived EVs (ADSC-EVs) in sepsis lung tissue. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to predict the downstream target genes of the lncRNA DLEU2.

Resistance to preservatives and the viable but non-culturable state formation of in flavored syrups.

Food security is a crucial issue that has caused extensive concern, and the use of food flavors has become prevalent over time. we used the molecular biological techniques, preservative susceptibility testing, viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state induction testing, and a transcriptome analysis to examine the bacterial contamination of favored syrup and identify the causes and develop effective control measures. The results showed that WLS1-1 is a microorganism that can spoil food and is a member of the acetic acid bacteria families.

Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses uncover the early response mechanisms of Catharanthus roseus under ultraviolet-B radiation.

Catharanthus roseus produces a large array of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) that are important natural source for many drugs. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation have been proved to have regulatory effect towards biosynthesis of TIAs, which were meaningful for boost of TIA production. To decipher more comprehensive molecular characteristics in C.