Wind vector retrieval algorithm for a coherent Doppler lidar based on KNN-COOKS.

The wind vector retrieval from a coherent Doppler lidar system in the plan position indicator (PPI) scanning mode often suffers from high inversion errors in horizontal wind speed and direction at far-range gates due to "erroneous" radial wind speed. To address this, we propose a weighted sine wave fitting algorithm that combines K-nearest neighbors and Cook's distance (KNN-COOKS). Numerical simulation experiments show KNN-COOKS achieves higher accuracy than direct sine wave fitting (DSWF) and adaptive iterative reweighted sine wave fitting (AIR) and performs comparably to filtered sinusoidal wave fitting (FSWF).

Photon counting method for atmospheric LiDAR echo signals based on waveform decomposition.

To address the issue of photon counting rate saturation distortion caused by the photon pulse stacking effect in the photomultiplier tube (PMT) output of atmospheric LiDAR systems, a photon counting method for LiDAR echo signals based on waveform decomposition is proposed. This method simulates the single-photon pulse response waveform of the PMT and uses it as the basis function for waveform decomposition. The Levenberg-Marquardt fitting optimization algorithm is then applied to separate the photon components from the full waveform signal.

Acute kidney injury after myocardial infarction: prognostic implications via dual robust methods.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) notably affects patient outcomes. The impact of KDIGO AKI staging on post-discharge short- and long-term outcomes, particularly early-stage AKI, is not well understood. This study evaluates the prognostic implications of various KDIGO stages in AMI patients.

Macro- and Micro-Analysis of Factors Influencing the Performance of Sustained-Release Foamed Cement Materials.

This paper addresses the issues of insufficient expansion force, low early strength (1-day compressive strength < 1.5 MPa), and poor toughness (flexural strength < 0.8 MPa) in traditional chemical foamed cement used for road grouting repair.

Antibacterial Activity of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances (BLIS) of PG-11 against Typhimurium.

Typhimurium is a major cause of foodborne illness. This study investigated the antibacterial activity, characterization, and mode of action of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) produced by PG-11, isolated from traditional Chinese kimchi. The BLIS of PG-11 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against .

Prognostic value of dynamic KDIGO staging in acute kidney injury after acute heart failure: a doubly robust analysis.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in acute heart failure (AHF) patients, yet few studies have examined the prognostic implications of different dynamic KDIGO AKI stages in this population. This retrospective cohort study aimed to rigorously investigate the impact of dynamic KDIGO AKI staging on outcomes in ICU patients with AHF using robust statistical methods like propensity score matching and doubly robust analysis. Utilizing the MIMIC-IV database of 5136 adult AHF patients from 2008 to 2022, doubly robust analysis revealed no significant differences in 28-day, 180-day, and 1-year mortality between non-AKI and mild AKI groups.

Intelligent mode-locked single-cavity dual-comb laser utilizing time-stretch dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy.

As single-cavity dual combs play a significant role in numerous high-precision measurements, their efficient generation has been widely researched. To achieve stable dual-comb mode locking remains, a two-part evaluation criterion containing a fitness function and a CNN-Transformer network is employed. Simulated time-stretch dispersive Fourier transform (DFT) spectra are used as datasets, which simplify the optimization process and do not rely on specific experimental data.

Analysis of temperature detection performance of vibration-rotation Raman lidar based on different calibration functions.

Rotational Raman (RR) lidar is widely employed for atmospheric temperature detection, but its detection capability is constrained in cloudy or hazy conditions due to the interference of elastic scattering leakage to the pure RR channels. To address this limitation, a vibrational-rotational Raman (VR) temperature measurement technique has been proposed and validated. This study compares the performance of VR and RR techniques through simulations and observational experiments.

Entropy-driven difference in interfacial water reactivity between slab and nanodroplet.

Interfacial water activity plays a critical role in governing chemical reactivity and catalytic efficiency, yet a quantitative understanding of how hydrogen-bond (H-bond) network structure influences this reactivity remains limited. Herein, we employ ab initio molecular metadynamics simulations to delineate the relationship between the H-bond network and the reactivity of interfacial water molecules at the slab and nanodroplet systems. Interfacial water at nanodroplets, characterized by microscopic inhomogeneity, tends to adopt a donor-acceptor dimer configuration, in contrast to the more homogeneous H-bond network at the slab.

Size-dependent wettability of carboxyl alkyl chain-modified gold nanoparticles.

The wettability of organic ligand-capped metal nanoparticles plays a crucial role in determining their behavior in diverse applications, including protein adsorption, protein corona formation, cellular uptake, toxicity, immune system recognition, drug release kinetics, and bioavailability. However, a comprehensive understanding of the size-dependent effects in metal nanoparticles with specific ligand modifications remains elusive. Here, we leverage molecular dynamics simulations to delineate the size-dependent wettability of Au nanocrystals modified with carboxyl-terminated alkyl chains at the same grafting density.

Nanoplastic PS and cadmium co-exposure accelerates ferroptosis mediated by HIF-1α-related signaling in spermatogonium.

Microplastics (MPs) in the real environment media often adsorbed toxic substances such as heavy metals and this co-exposure may exert various negative effects on human reproduction. In particular, the adsorption capacity of nanoplastics (NPs) is stronger. However, there are few studies focused on the combined toxicity of NPs and heavy metal co-exposure to germ cells.

Deficiency of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enhances MC903-induced atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in mice.

The production and secretion of inflammatory mediators contribute to the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). The production of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is essential for inflammation. Because of the association of iNOS with type 2 inflammation, upregulated iNOS expression in patients with AD suggests a potential pathogenic role of iNOS in AD.

Copper-Induced DRP1 Activation Disrupts Mitochondrial-Lipid Droplet Contact to Promote Hepatic Steatosis.

Copper (Cu) is a vital dietary element for both humans and animals and is widely supplemented in food. However, excessive consumption of this trace element can adversely affect the overall well-being. Previous studies have demonstrated that long-term Cu intake can lead to severe hepatotoxicity.

Isolable GaN-based analogues of Thiele's and Chichibabin's hydrocarbons.

Treatment of two equivalents of TripGaCl (Trip = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) with pyrazine and 4,4'-bipyridine affords adducts 1 and 2 in high yields. The two-electron reduction of 1 and 2 using potassium graphite readily gives rise to the first GaN-based analogues of Thiele's and Chichibabin's hydrocarbons, TripGa(CNH)GaTrip (3) and TripGa(CNH)GaTrip (4), respectively, as crystalline solids. Structural analysis and DFT calculations suggest a closed-shell singlet ground state for both 3 and 4.

Preparation and Evaluation of Hepatoma-Targeting Glycyrrhetinic Acid Composite Micelles Loaded with Curcumin.

: Liver cancer, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, a prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive system, poses significant therapeutic challenges. While traditional chemotherapy can inhibit tumor progression, its clinical application is limited by insufficient efficacy. Hydrophobic therapeutic agents further encounter challenges including low tumor specificity, poor bioavailability, and severe systemic toxicity.

Shikonin attenuates blood-brain barrier injury and oxidative stress in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage by activating Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious intracranial hemorrhage characterized by acute bleeding into the subarachnoid space. The effects of shikonin, a natural compound from the roots of , on oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury in SAH was evaluated in this study. A rat model of SAH was established by endovascular perforation to mimic the rupture of intracranial aneurysms.

Prognostic analysis of sepsis-induced myocardial injury patients using propensity score matching and doubly robust analysis with machine learning-based risk prediction model development.

Background: Sepsis-induced myocardial injury (SIMI) is a severe and common complication of sepsis; However, its definition remains unclear. Prognostic analyses may vary depending on the definition applied. Early prediction of SIMI is crucial for timely intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Nitric oxide mitigates cadmium stress by promoting the biosynthesis of cell walls in Robinia pseudoacacia roots.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a growing concern worldwide, because it threatens human health through the food chain. Woody plants, such as the pioneer species black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), are widely used in phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils, but strongly differ in Cd tolerance.

Correction: study of temperature-dependent piezoelectric and electronic properties of thermally stable GaPO.

Correction for ' study of temperature-dependent piezoelectric and electronic properties of thermally stable GaPO' by Xiaoqing Yang , , 2024, , 21530-21537, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CP02270J.

Noncovalently Bridging Cell-Surface Proteins Using Synthetic Peptides to Modulate Cell Apoptosis.

Controlled high-order clustering of cell-surface proteins is an essential but unmatched regulatory mechanism in living systems for the modulation of cell behavior. Here, we present a strategy for generating extended and tunable one-dimensional clusters of death receptors on live cell surfaces by employing synthetic peptides to noncovalently bridging the proteins. The on-cell assembly process is validated through super-resolution fluorescence imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging analyses.

Peptide Designs for Cell-Interfacing Assemblies.

Constructing synthetic materials to interact with cells offers significant promise for understanding natural cellular processes and manipulating cell behaviors beyond nature's capabilities. Peptide assemblies are particular promising in this regard, as they have demonstrated efficacy in promoting cell differentiation, repair, and regeneration as supportive scaffolds. However, distinct gaps persist between natural and synthetic assembly systems in various aspects.

Hesperidin alleviates ZBP1-drived PANoptosis induced by copper nanoparticles in immune organs of gallus.

With the application of copper nanoparticles (nano-Cu) in livestock and poultry feed addition, their biotoxicity has been gradually recognized. Therefore, it has become an urgent problem to find the effective natural antagonists to reduce the toxicity of copper nanoparticles. Here, we found that hesperidin could alleviate nano-Cu-induced pathological injury in the immune organs of chickens via the histopathological examination of the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius.

Gut microbiota and myocardial infarction: A bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2023.

Background: In recent years, numerous studies have suggested that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are closely related to myocardial infarction. Utilizing insights from these research findings may be advantageous in the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of myocardial infarction. We have employed bibliometric methodology to summarize the progress made in this research area over the past 20 years, identify the hotspots, and highlight the developmental tendencies, providing a reference for future research in this field.