Subcellular redistribution of Rhein from whole cellular to single mitochondria for enhancing anti-hepatoma efficacy.

Background: RECQL4 is a critical factor in DNA repair and serves as a significant biomarker for liver cancer. Inhibiting RECQL4 induces apoptosis in liver cancer cells. Given the role of mitochondria in regulating apoptosis and the dual localization of RECQL4 in both the mitochondria and nucleus, targeting mitochondrial RECQL4 may induce mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of liver cancer treatments.

Entropy-driven difference in interfacial water reactivity between slab and nanodroplet.

Interfacial water activity plays a critical role in governing chemical reactivity and catalytic efficiency, yet a quantitative understanding of how hydrogen-bond (H-bond) network structure influences this reactivity remains limited. Herein, we employ ab initio molecular metadynamics simulations to delineate the relationship between the H-bond network and the reactivity of interfacial water molecules at the slab and nanodroplet systems. Interfacial water at nanodroplets, characterized by microscopic inhomogeneity, tends to adopt a donor-acceptor dimer configuration, in contrast to the more homogeneous H-bond network at the slab.

Hydroxymethanesulfonate formation accelerated at the air-water interface by synergistic enthalpy-entropy effects.

Hydroxymethanesulfonate is a key organosulfate linked to severe fine-particle pollution in fog and clouds, yet its rapid formation mechanism at the air-water interface remains elusive. Here, using metadynamics-biased ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, high-level quantum chemical calculations and reaction density functional theory, we reveal that synergistic enthalpy-entropy effects govern the nucleophilic addition between bisulfite and formaldehyde. Compared to the gaseous reaction, the aqueous reaction faces a ~5.

A Novel Method for Noise Reduction and Jump Correction of Maglev Gyroscope Rotor Signals Under Instantaneous Perturbations.

The maglev gyroscope torque feedback orientation measurement system, equipped with abundant sampling data and high directional accuracy, plays a crucial role in underground engineering construction. However, when subjected to external instantaneous vibration interference, the gyroscope rotor signal frequently exhibits abnormal jumps, leading to significant errors in azimuth measurement results. To solve this problem, we propose a novel noise reduction algorithm that integrates Moving Average Filtering with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (MAF-ARIMA), based on the noise characteristics of the rotor jump signal.

Optimizing Global Genomic Surveillance for Early Detection of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

Background: Global viral threats underscore the need for effective genomic surveillance, but high costs and uneven resource distribution hamper its implementation. Targeting surveillance to international travelers in major travel hubs may offer a more efficient strategy for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Methods: We developed and calibrated a multiple-strain metapopulation model of global SARS-CoV-2 transmission using extensive epidemiological, phylogenetic, and high-resolution air travel data.

Inference on spatiotemporal dynamics for coupled biological populations.

Mathematical models in ecology and epidemiology must be consistent with observed data in order to generate reliable knowledge and evidence-based policy. Metapopulation systems, which consist of a network of connected sub-populations, pose technical challenges in statistical inference owing to nonlinear, stochastic interactions. Numerical difficulties encountered in conducting inference can obstruct the core scientific questions concerning the link between the mathematical models and the data.

A nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube confined CuCo nanoalloy catalyzing one-pot conversion of levulinic acid to 1,4-pentanediol.

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube confined CuCo nanoalloy catalysts are fabricated by using ZIF-67 as a sacrificial template for the one-pot selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO). The optimal catalyst achieves a high 1,4-PDO yield of 87.8% at full LA conversion.

Self-Polymerized Dopamine-Decorated Au NPs and Coordinated with Fe-MOF as a Dual Binding Sites and Dual Signal-Amplifying Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Detection of CEA.

Fabrication of functional electrochemical biosensor is a hot topic; however, precise and sensitive cancer detection in early clinical diagnosis is still a great challenge. Continuous efforts have been devoted to explore functional materials for this issue. In this work, we developed a dual binding sites and dual signal-amplifying electrochemical aptasensor of self-polymerized dopamine-decorated Au and coordinated with Fe-MOF (Au@PDA@Fe-MOF) for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).

Cobalt-promoted fabrication of 3D carbon with a nanotube-sheet mutual support structure: scalable preparation of a high-performance anode material for Li-ion batteries.

Currently, the design of carbon-based composite as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) presents challenges for commercial application. Herein, we developed a three-dimensional carbon-based material with a nanotube-sheet mutual support structure (MS-CNTS) engineered by the catalytic effect of Co species. The present work highlights a concise 'solvent-free' synthetic method allowing for large-scale output, which is potentially available for low cost commercial use.

Facile and Large-Scale Fabrication of Sub-3 nm PtNi Nanoparticles Supported on Porous Carbon Sheet: A Bifunctional Material for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Hydrogenation.

Facile and large-scale preparation of materials with uniform distributions of ultrafine particles for catalysis is a challenging task, and it is even more difficult to obtain catalysts that excel in both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrogenation, which are the corresponding merging and splitting procedures of hydrogen, respectively. Herein, the fabrication of ultrafine bimetallic PtNi nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanosheets (CNS) by means of in situ self-polymerization and annealing is reported. This bifunctional catalyst shows excellent performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol.

Pd-CuFe Catalyst for Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitriles: Controllable Selectivity to Primary Amines and Secondary Amines.

A multicomponent nanocatalyst system was fabricated for the transfer hydrogenation of nitrile compounds. This catalyst system contains palladium, copper, and iron, which are supported on the magnetite nanospheres, and the loading of palladium could be at the parts per million level. Palladium and copper contribute to the transformation of nitrile, and the product distribution highly depends on the alloying of Fe to Cu.

Evaluation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque surface characteristics utilizing simultaneous noncontrast angiography and intraplaque hemorrhage (SNAP) technique.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of the Simultaneous Noncontrast Angiography and intraPlaque hemorrhage (SNAP) technique in identification of carotid plaque surface characteristics compared with the conventional multicontrast vessel wall imaging protocol.

Materials And Methods: Thirty symptomatic patients with carotid plaque were recruited and underwent carotid artery magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (3.0T) using a conventional multicontrast protocol and SNAP sequence.

Carrageenan/MIV-150 (PC-815), a combination microbicide.

Objective: The objective of this article is to study the effect of PC-815, a novel combination microbicide containing carrageenan and the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) MIV-150, in blocking HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in vitro as compared with Carraguard alone.

Goal: The goal of this study was to develop a combination microbicide that is more efficacious than Carraguard against HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Study Design: The microtiter syncytial assay was used to evaluate: 1) the antiviral and virucidal activity of MIV-150 against HIV-1MN; 2) the additive effect of MIV-150 when combined with carrageenan; and 3) a possible interference of seminal fluid in the antiviral activity of these compounds.