O-GlcNAcylation Suppressed Apoptosis and Ferroptosis in Traumatic Brain Injury by Enhancing Mitophagy.

O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a distinctive post-translational modification (PTM), is ubiquitously present in numerous nuclear and mitochondrial proteins. The emerging role of O-GlcNAcylation is increasingly recognized for its involvement in various diseases. However, its role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been explored.

T-cell receptor/CD28-targeted immunotherapeutics selectively drive naive T-cell expansion to generate functional HIV-specific responses.

Unlabelled: Adoptive cell transfer (ACT), a promising immunotherapeutic approach, treats viral infections or cancer by expansion and infusion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, respectively. However, its wider use is limited by logistical challenges associated with the conventional method of using patient-derived dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with peptides for antigen-specific CD8+ T cell expansion. To overcome these limitations, we developed Immuno-STAT (IST), a dimeric protein scaffold that delivers peptide-specific T cell receptor (TCR) activation with or without CD28 costimulatory signals to expand CD8+ T cells specific for defined viral or cancer epitopes.

Innate-like memory T cells rapidly emerge in humans after gene therapy for SCID-X1.

Virtual memory T cells, possessing features of innate immune cells, represent a developmental continuum between innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we describe the genesis of virtual memory T cells during early human life. A longitudinal analysis of peripheral T cells after gene therapy for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) in infants revealed an early enrichment of innate-like memory CD8 T cells that expressed NKG2A, innate-associated transcriptional profiles, and a distinct T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire.

The Effects of Six Cultivars on the Life Table Parameters of the Green Peach Aphid (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

The contents of glucosinolates and erucic acid clearly vary in seeds, but a few studies still focus on the effects of cultivars on the life table parameters of . In this study, the life history parameters of in six cultivars were examined at 25 ± 1 °C, 50 ± 10% RH, and a photoperiod of 14 h of light/10 h of dark under laboratory conditions. The results showed that significant differences exist in the life table parameters of in six cultivars.

Five/six carbon monosaccharides-glycated coconut protein-stabilized emulsions: Impact on stability and digestion.

This study examined the impact of different monosaccharide-glycated coconut protein isolates (CPI) as emulsion stabilizers on the stability, rheological, and digestion properties of CPI-based emulsions. The results showed that the interfacial tension (13.6-27.

Metal-polyphenol networks hardened coacervate microcapsules for encapsulation of piperine: Crosslinking mechanism, stability, and in vitro digestion.

Although metal polyphenol networks (MPNs) have been widely investigated in the field of multifunctional surface modification, the exploration of their application in the hardening of microcapsules is relatively scarce. In this study, piperine (PIP)-loaded microcapsules were hardened and modified using MPNs formed by tannic acid (TA) and Fe (TA-Fe) to enhance the stability of the microcapsules and the bioaccessibility of PIP. The results showed that TA-Fe constructed a network-modified coating with a supramolecular structure on the surface of microcapsules.

Electrification of wind-blown microplastics and its implication for transport of floating microplastics in air.

An ongoing debate exists on the magnitude of microplastics (MPs) emissions from the soil-air interface. Electrification of airborne microplastics MPs complicated the issue of modelling the transport of MPs by wind. Here, we first report new observations of wind-blown MP particles pronounced charged through wind tunnel experiments.

Health implications of wintertime fine particulate matter from southwestern China.

The health impacts of aerosols from southwestern China remain poorly understood. To identify the key chemical contributors and sources of PM toxicity in this region, detailed chemical composition (carbonaceous and inorganic species), different air volume normalized acellular oxidative potential (OP) metrics (OPDTTV and OPEPRV), and cellular oxidative stress ( ROS) were measured using PM collected from Chongqing. OPDTTV was measured to be 1.

Expression of an interleukin-2 partial agonist enhances regulatory T cell persistence and efficacy in mouse autoimmune models.

Regulatory T (Treg)-based cell therapy holds promise for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, yet challenges remain regarding the functional stability and persistence of transferred Tregs. Here we engineer Tregs to express a partial agonist form of IL-2 (IL-2pa) to enhance persistence while avoiding toxicity from excessive signaling. Mouse Tregs expressing wild-type IL-2 (Tregs-IL2wt) have only a transient growth advantage, limited by toxicity from likely excessive signaling.

Huaxian formula alleviates nickel oxide nanoparticle-induced pulmonary fibrosis via PI3K/AKT signaling.

As a progressive fibrotic lung disorder with high mortality, pulmonary fibrosis (PF) suffers from inadequate treatment options. While the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation Huaxian Formula (HXF) demonstrates multi-target therapeutic potential against PF, the identity of its active components and their mechanistic basis of action require systematic investigation. To elucidate the therapeutic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of HXF in treating PF induced by nickel oxide nanoparticles (nano NiO), utilizing network pharmacology (NP), molecular docking, as well as in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel urolithin derivatives targeting liver cancer cells.

We designed and synthesised 22 new urolithin derivatives (UDs) based on methyl-urolithin A (mUA) to identify anti-cancer drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity and evaluated their anti-cancer activities . Cytotoxicity tests were performed on three cell lines (DU145, T24, and HepG2) and a human normal cell line (HK-2). The half-inhibitory concentration (IC) of derivative UD-4c to hepatoma HepG2 cells (IC = 4.

Optimized Mouse Model of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy: A Rational Standard Based on Modified SHIRPA Score and Neurobehaviors in Mice.

Background: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), a severe neurological disorder, is marked by widespread brain dysfunction. At present, there is no universally accepted criterion for diagnosing SAE in animal models. This study proposes a standardized evaluation method for SAE in mice, addressing inconsistencies in current research.

Pyruvate kinase M2 activation reprograms mitochondria in CD8 T cells, enhancing effector functions and efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy.

Mitochondria regulate T cell functions and response to immunotherapy. We show that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activation enhances mitochondria-dependent effector functions in CD8 and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. Multi-omics and C-glucose tracer studies showed that PKM2 agonism alters one-carbon metabolism, decreasing methionine levels, resulting in hypomethylated nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and functions.

Effect of different protein ratios on in vitro digestive properties of soybean-wheat co-precipitated protein high-moisture extrudates.

The study examined the interdependencies between the interaction mechanisms and structural properties of soybean-wheat co-precipitated proteins high moisture extrudates (HME-SWCP) with different protein ratios during in vitro digestion and their digestion patterns. It was found that co-precipitation pretreatment resulted in higher digestibility, increased Zeta-potential, and reduced particle size after digestion. Digestibility of the extrudates increased and then decreased with higher wheat protein proportions.

Occurrence, fate and chiral signatures of p-phenylenediamines and their quinones in wastewater treatment plants, China.

p-Phenylenediamines (PPDs) and their derived quinones (PPD-Qs) are emerging pollutants. Information on their occurrence, fate and chiral signatures in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and its receiving waters is scarce. This study explored the distribution, removal efficiency, mass balance, environmental emission and enantiomeric fractions of these pollutants in two WWTPs in Guangzhou, China.

miR-584-5p Regulates MSMO1 to Modulate the AKT/PI3K Pathway and Inhibit Breast Cancer Progression.

Introduction: Endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of tumor progression, making their role in breast cancer an important area of investigation.

Methods: This study examined the regulation of MSMO1 by miR-584-5p in breast cancer cells. Using bioinformatics and Western blotting, we confirmed MSMO1 expression in breast cancer cells and evaluated its effects on cell migration, invasion, and the AKT signaling pathway.

Deletion of smooth muscle ZFP36 promotes neointimal hyperplasia in mice.

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) released from the injured intima induces the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which is the key mechanism of neointimal hyperplasia. Zinc finger 36 (ZFP36), a widespread RNA-binding protein, is important for pathological processes in many diseases. In this study we investigated the role of ZFP36 in VSMCs proliferation, migration and neointimal hyperplasia in mice.

Nomogram model using serum Club cell secretory protein 16 to predict prognosis and acute exacerbation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease with poor prognosis, nomogram model for its prognosis and acute exacerbation was constructed.

Methods: Two hundred and sixty eight patients with IPF were grouped with different severity according to fibrosis area, serum Club cell secretory protein 16(CC16) was compared between these groups. All patients were randomly divided into training and testing sets.

Role of Neural Circuits in Cognitive Impairment.

Cognitive impairment refers to abnormalities in learning, memory and cognitive judgment, mainly manifested as symptoms such as decreased memory, impaired orientation and reduced computational ability. As the fundamental unit of information processing in the brain, neural circuits have recently attracted great attention due to their functions in regulating pain, emotion and behavior. Furthermore, a growing number of studies have suggested that neural circuits play an important role in cognitive impairment.

Epigenetic regulators of clonal hematopoiesis control CD8 T cell stemness during immunotherapy.

Epigenetic reinforcement of T cell exhaustion is known to be a major barrier limiting T cell responses during immunotherapy. However, the core epigenetic regulators restricting antitumor immunity during prolonged antigen exposure are not clear. We investigated three commonly mutated epigenetic regulators that promote clonal hematopoiesis to determine whether they affect T cell stemness and response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.

TRPV1: The key bridge in neuroimmune interactions.

The nervous and immune systems are crucial in fighting infections and inflammation and in maintaining immune homeostasis. The immune and nervous systems are independent, yet tightly integrated and coordinated organizations. Numerous molecules and receptors play key roles in enabling communication between the two systems.

Rotenone-induced cell apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and PERK-eIF2α-CHOP signalling pathways in TM3 cells.

Rotenone (ROT), a widely used natural pesticide, has an uncertain effect on reproductive toxicity. In this study, we used 20 mice distributed randomly into four groups, with each group receiving ROT doses of 0, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg/day for 28 days. The results demonstrated that ROT induced significant testicular damage, including impaired spermatogenesis, inhibition of testosterone synthesis, and apoptosis of Leydig cells.

Geriatric nutritional risk index has a prognostic value for recovery outcomes in elderly patients with brain abscess.

Background: The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a straightforward and objective tool for nutritional screening in older patients and has been demonstrated to possess prognostic predictive value in several diseases. Nonetheless, there is a lack of research on the nutritional risk associated with brain abscess in the older. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of nutritional risk among these patients by GNRI and to investigate its potential prognostic value for clinical outcomes.

ADSC-derived exosomes provide neuroprotection in sepsis-associated encephalopathy by regulating hippocampal pyroptosis.

Aims: Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-derived exosomes have been recognized for their neuroprotective effects in various neurological diseases. This study investigates the potential neuroprotective effects of ADSC-derived exosomes in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE).

Methods: Behavioral cognitive functions were evaluated using the open field test, Y-maze test, and novel object recognition test.