O-GlcNAcylation Suppressed Apoptosis and Ferroptosis in Traumatic Brain Injury by Enhancing Mitophagy.

O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a distinctive post-translational modification (PTM), is ubiquitously present in numerous nuclear and mitochondrial proteins. The emerging role of O-GlcNAcylation is increasingly recognized for its involvement in various diseases. However, its role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been explored.

From Phenotypes to Genotypes: Enhancing the Identification of Species with DNA Barcoding.

The genus , with its intricate floral elements, pronounced endemicity, and patchy distribution, evolves a rich diversity of morphological forms and a wide variety of species while causing an indistinctness in the classification of its species. To elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among species and enhance their taxonomic classification by DNA barcoding, this study conducted amplification and sequence results of nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast genes (, , , ) with phenotypic genetic diversity analysis, genetic distance analysis, and phylogenetic analysis from 48 samples of species. The comparison of genetic distance variations showed that , ITS + , and ITS + + exhibit minimal overlap and significant genetic variation within species.

Role of Neural Circuits in Cognitive Impairment.

Cognitive impairment refers to abnormalities in learning, memory and cognitive judgment, mainly manifested as symptoms such as decreased memory, impaired orientation and reduced computational ability. As the fundamental unit of information processing in the brain, neural circuits have recently attracted great attention due to their functions in regulating pain, emotion and behavior. Furthermore, a growing number of studies have suggested that neural circuits play an important role in cognitive impairment.

The Applicability of Polyetheretherketone and Titanium Mesh in Cranioplasty: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis.

Objective: To compare the clinical application effect and safety of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium mesh (TM) in cranioplasty.

Methods: Four-year retrospective comparison of patients (96 cases) undergoing synthetic cranioplasty with PEEK or TM. The patients were divided into the PEEK group (24 cases) and the TM group (72 cases) according to the implants, and the patient demographics, general conditions before the operation, postoperative complications, length of postoperative hospital stay, total costs, satisfaction with shaping and long-term complications were compared between the 2 groups.

Transcriptomic profiling and gene network analysis revealed regulatory mechanisms of bract development in Bougainvillea glabra.

Background: Bracts are important for ornamental plants, and their developmental regulation process is complex; however, relatively little research has been conducted on bracts. In this study, physiological, biochemical and morphological changes in Bougainvillea glabra leaves, leaf buds and bracts during seven developmental periods were systematically investigated. Moreover, transcriptomic data of B.

IRGD-modified erythrocyte membrane biomimetic temozolomide nanodots for the treatment of glioblastoma.

The crossing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for conventional anticancer drugs is still a big challenge in treating glioma. The biomimetic nanoparticle delivery system has attracted increasing attention and has a promising future for crossing the BBB. Herein, we construct a multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform using the erythrocyte membrane (EM) with the tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD (CRGDK/RGPD/EC) as a delivery, and the inner core loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide (TMZ).

Role of O-GlcNAcylation in Central Nervous System Development and Injuries: A Systematic Review.

The development of central nervous system (CNS) can form perceptual, memory, and cognitive functions, while injuries to CNS often lead to severe neurological dysfunction and even death. As one of the prevalent post-translational modifications (PTMs), O-GlcNAcylation has recently attracted great attentions due to its functions in regulating the activity, subcellular localization, and stability of target proteins. It has been indicated that O-GlcNAcylation could interact with phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and methylation to jointly regulate the function and activity of proteins.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes provide neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury through the lncRNA TUBB6/Nrf2 pathway.

Recently, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HucMSC) is a new focus of research in neurological diseases, and the beneficial effect of HucMSC is mediated by paracrine factors which are transported by exosome. Our previous study has shown that HucMSC-derived exosome could provide neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the underlying mechanisms were not fully understood.

Fucoxanthin ameliorates traumatic brain injury by suppressing the blood-brain barrier disruption.

Fucoxanthin is the most abundant marine carotenoid extracted from seaweed. Our previous study has shown that fucoxanthin inhibited oxidative stress after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the effects of fucoxanthin on TBI-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) destruction have not been well understood.

Exploration and functionalization of M1-macrophage extracellular vesicles for effective accumulation in glioblastoma and strong synergistic therapeutic effects.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with an extremely low survival rate. New and effective approaches for treatment are therefore urgently needed. Here, we successfully developed M1-like macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (M1EVs) that overcome multiple challenges via guidance from two macrophage-related observations in clinical specimens from GBM patients: enrichment of M2 macrophages in GBM; and origination of a majority of infiltrating macrophage from peripheral blood.

Identifying critical genes associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage by weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a life-threatening medical condition with a high mortality and disability rate. aSAH has an unclear pathogenesis, and limited treatment options are available. Here, we aimed to identify critical genes involved in aSAH pathogenesis using peripheral blood gene expression data of 43 patients with aSAH due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms and 18 controls with headache, downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus.

Depression-like Behavior Induced by Nesfatin-1 in Rats: Involvement of Increased Immune Activation and Imbalance of Synaptic Vesicle Proteins.

Depression is a multicausal disorder and has been associated with metabolism regulation and immuno-inflammatory reaction. The anorectic molecule nesfatin-1 has recently been characterized as a potential mood regulator, but its precise effect on depression and the possible mechanisms remain unknown, especially when given peripherally. In the present study, nesfatin-1 was intraperitoneally injected to the rats and the depression-like behavior and activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were evaluated.

Acute, but not chronic, stress increased the plasma concentration and hypothalamic mRNA expression of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in rats.

Nesfatin-1, a newly discovered satiety peptide, has recently been reported to be involved in the stress response. Stress-induced expression of nesfatin-1 has been reported and few studies focus on its expression in the hypothalamus, which is the center of the stress response. To test our hypothesis that peripheral and hypothalamic nesfatin-1 overexpression should play an important role in the stress response and the associated hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, acute stress (AS) was induced using water avoidance stress (WAS), and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was also induced using 3 consecutive weeks of 7 different stressors.