Taurine Supplementation Enhances the Resistance of Postlarvae to Low-Salinity Stress.

In aquaculture, Pacific white shrimp () growth in low-salinity waters is limited by osmoregulatory stress; therefore, improving resistance to low-salinity stress via nutritional modulation is key. In the present study, shrimp postlarvae were provided with a taurine supplement under low-salinity stress, and then the survival rate, the histology, the Na/K-ATPase (NKA) expression pattern and transcriptomic sequencing were investigated to evaluate the postlarval responses. The results showed that the postlarva survival rate in low-salinity water was only 61.

Causal Relationship Between Cataracts and Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Purpose: Cataracts, a leading cause of blindness, have been linked to systemic conditions. Previous studies showing associations between cataracts and gastrointestinal diseases have not determined causal relationships. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between cataracts and 23 gastrointestinal diseases through Mendelian randomization (MR).

Retrieving aerosol backscatter coefficient using coherent Doppler wind lidar.

Coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) has been widely used for wind detection, but retrieving aerosol optical properties remains challenging, due to its high sensitivity to turbulence and beam focusing. This study comprehensively evaluates the capabilities and limitations of pulsed CDWL in retrieving aerosol backscatter/extinction coefficient profiles, with a special focus on calibration and error analysis. A self-calibration method for the telescope focus function is proposed and validated through horizontal observations.

3D Printing Integrated Lipophilic Additives Engineering to Enhance Wettability of Thick Electrodes Achieving High Rate and High Areal Capacity.

The poor diffusion and transfer kinetics of Li is the critical bottleneck for energy and power density in thick electrodes. Here, we develop a 3D-printed magnesium silicate for solid-state integrated lipophilic additive engineering technology to fabricate thick electrodes, effectively mitigating concentration polarization caused by the Li gradient distribution. By grafting cetyltrimethylammonium, a cationic surfactant-modified inorganic filler (LCN) is prepared, which is added into the LiFePO (LFP) slurry for 3D printing into a porous 810 μm thick LFP cathode.

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomer Inhibiting Metastatic Colonization of Ovarian Cancer Cells Based on Cell Biology.

Ovarian cancer, a frequently occurring gynecological malignancy with a poor prognosis and a 5-year survival rate below 45%, often progresses due to metastatic colonization. This review highlights the potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers as anticancer agents that inhibit the metastatic colonization of ovarian cancer cells. TCM monomers exhibit various mechanisms of action, including (1) inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation by modulating cell adhesion molecules; (2) reducing extracellular matrix damage through inhibition of degrading enzymes; (3) affecting cytoskeletal dynamics to alter cell movement; and (4) preventing angiogenesis by downregulating angiogenic factors.

Dual-component modulation strategy for enhancing interfacial compatibility in 4.6 V LRMO-based solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Solid-state lithium metal batteries with a Li-rich manganese oxide (LRMO) cathode suffer from challenges in interfacial compatibility. This study improves the interface between a PVC-based gel electrolyte and electrodes dual-component modulation. The optimized electrolyte exhibits high oxidation stability and facilitates the formation of inorganic-rich interphases, contributing to the long-term stability of the interface.

Reversible formation and control of linear conjugation in polymers.

The emergence of organic semiconductors has laid the foundation for the field of plastic electronics. Controlling π-conjugation by designing proper conjugated moieties is one of the commonest strategies for achieving desired semiconducting properties in conjugated materials. Despite significant advancements in the field, the reversible formation of extended conjugation to in situ switch the nature of macromolecules between semiconductors and insulators remains elusive.

Discovery of Novel Piperazinone-Fused Hydroxypyridinones Inhibiting Herpes Simplex Virus Gene Transcription and Viral Replication.

Herpes simplex virus poses a significant public health burden, necessitating the development of alternative therapeutic strategies to combat infection while addressing the growing challenge of drug resistance observed with conventional nucleoside antivirals. Herein, we conducted a mixture-based library screening of an in-house small molecule library, leading to the identification of a novel piperazinone-fused hydroxypyridinone scaffold . Structure-activity relationship studies initiated from hit culminated in the development of lead , which exhibited a significant enhancement in the inhibitory activity against luc-HSV-1.

Reliability and Validity Testing and Network Analysis of the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 in Chinese College Students.

The Levels of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) is a valuable tool for measuring the common factors and severity of personality pathology. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the LPFS-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.

Mitochondrial RNA/RIG-I promotes Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated inflammation in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.

Mitochondria play a decisive role in the pathological mechanisms of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the specific mechanisms by which mitochondria regulate inflammation in AKI remain elusive. We aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) in sepsis-induced renal injury.

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation, Crystallization, and Solvent Evaporation in Relation to Microsphere Formation from Isotactic Polypropylene Solution.

Thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) is a convenient method to prepare polymer micro/nanoparticles from synthesized polymers. However, the mapping relationship between the phase separation dynamic in the polymer/solvent system and the morphological structure of further separated polymer micro/nanoparticles from the solvent has not yet been established. Here, UV-vis and DSC were used to characterize the phase separation and crystallization temperatures of polymer/solvent systems.

Analysis of the Changes in Diversity of Culturable Bacteria in Different Niches of Mulberry Fields and Assessment of Their Plant Growth-Promoting Potential.

Microorganisms play a crucial role in agricultural systems. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to enhance agricultural production in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner has been widely recognized as a key technology for the future. In this study, we analyzed the diversity changes of bacteria in different ecological niches of mulberry fields based on culture-dependent methods, and we further evaluated their antibacterial and plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities.

Study of Concrete Deterioration Damage by Landfill Leachate in Cold Regions.

The corrosion mechanism of concrete structures in landfills in cold regions is complex, and there are few existing studies that address multifactorial coupled deterioration scenarios. Since loading and freeze-thaw cycles affect concrete deterioration, this study included three test groups-landfill leachate, loaded-landfill leachate, and freeze-thaw cycles-loaded-landfill leachate-and three different corrosion scenarios-gas-liquid, liquid-solid, and gas-liquid-solid. The physico-mechanical changes in concrete in terms of mass, compressive strength, and dynamic elasticity modulus were analyzed, and the deterioration mechanism of concrete was elaborated by its apparent morphology and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images.

[Orexin-A promotes motor function recovery of rats with spinal cord injury by regulating ionotropic glutamate receptors].

Objectives: To investigate the effect of orexin-A-mediated regulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors for promoting motor function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Thirty-six newborn SD rats (aged 7-14 days) were randomized into 6 groups (=6), including a normal control group, a sham-operated group, and 4 SCI groups with daily intrathecal injection of saline, DNQX, orexin-A, or orexin-A+DNQX for 3 consecutive days after PCI. Motor function of the rats were evaluated using blood-brain barrier (BBB) score and inclined plane test 1 day before and at 1, 3, and 7 days after SCI.

Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of phage MY02 targeting extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Abuse of antibiotics has led to increased rates of resistance in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and an acceleration in the emergence of drug-resistant strains, which can have serious consequences for nosocomial infections. In this study, phage MY02, which infects ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, was isolated from sewage and characterized. Phage MY02 was found to have an optimal multiplicity of infection of 0.

Effect of Polydextrose on the Cooking and Gelatinization Properties and Microstructure of Chinese Early Indica Rice.

To reduce the hard texture of cooked early indica rice, two types of polydextrose (ST with 1% moisture content (MC) and XG with 4.7% MC) were added at 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%, respectively, to the cooking milled rice polished from the paddies of the 2.5-year-stored IP46 variety and the newly harvested Sharuan Nian (SRN) variety.

Fundamentals, Advances and Perspectives in Designing Eutectic Electrolytes for Zinc-Ion Secondary Batteries.

Zinc-ion secondary batteries have been competitive candidates since the "post-lithium-ion" era for grid-scale energy storage, owing to their plausible security, high theoretical capacity, plentiful resources, and environment friendliness. However, many encumbrances like notorious parasitic reactions and Zn dendrite growth hinder the development of zinc-ion secondary batteries remarkably. Faced with these challenges, eutectic electrolytes have aroused notable attention by virtue of feasible synthesis and high tunability.

Rutin Alleviates Zearalenone-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Pathway Apoptosis in Porcine Endometrial Stromal Cells by Promoting the Expression of Nrf2.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin commonly found in moldy cereals and has a range of toxic effects that have seriously affected animal husbandry. Rutin, a natural flavonoid with antioxidant activities, has been studied for its potential involvement in mitigating ZEA-induced apoptosis in porcine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and its potential molecular mechanism, particularly concerning the expression of Nrf2. This study investigates the molecular pathways by which rutin alleviates ZEA-induced ESC apoptosis, focusing on the role of Nrf2.

Hepatic and intestinal insights into the molecular mechanisms of dietary Antarctic krill-induced body color differentiation in Plectropomus leopardus.

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), which is rich in astaxanthin, has been widely utilized as a dietary supplement in fish aquaculture. Our study was to feed juvenile leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) a diet containing 50 % Antarctic krill, revealing significant body color differentiation between a reddened group (BKR) and a non-reddened group (BKB), followed by comparative analysis with the control group (BCon) without krill supplementation. Histological analysis and carotenoid content in the liver and intestine were differentially regulated in color-differentiated individuals.

Evaluation of microgaps and microleakage at the implant-abutment interface of individualized abutments in the maxillary anterior region under functional loading: A pragmatic clinical trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of functional loading on microgaps and microleakage at implant-abutment interfaces (IAIs) in the aesthetic zone when using different abutments and to provide a clinical reference for abutment selection.

Methods: This study included 30 patients with 36 implants divided into three groups: zirconia (Zr)-one-piece custom abutment, titanium (Ti)-custom abutment, and Ti-original abutment. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine alterations in the microgaps at the IAIs under functional loading.

Substantially underestimated global health risks of current ozone pollution.

Existing assessments might have underappreciated ozone-related health impacts worldwide. Here our study assesses current global ozone pollution using the high-resolution (0.05°) estimation from a geo-ensemble learning model, with key focuses on population exposure and all-cause mortality burden.

Post-traumatic stress disorder-induced behavioral modulation by the medial septum-medial habenula neural pathway.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by anxiety, excessive fear, distress, and weakness as symptoms of a psychiatric disorder. However, the mechanism associated with its symptoms such as anxiety-like behaviors is not well understood. It is aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the medial septum (MS)-medial habenula (MHb) neural circuit modulating the anxiety-like behaviors of PTSD mice through in vivo fiber photometry recording, optogenetics, behavioral testing by open-field and elevated plus maze, fluorescent gold retrograde tracer technology, and viral tracer technology.

Dietary flavonoid intake is negatively associated with accelerating aging: an American population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Flavonoids are believed to have potential anti-aging effects due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the effectiveness of dietary flavonoids and their subclasses in delaying aging has yet to be confirmed. Our study intends to examine relationship between them.

Rutin attenuates zearalenone-induced ferroptosis of endometrial stromal cells in piglets through the p53 signaling pathway.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is an environmentally widespread mycotoxin capable of posing a serious threat to food safety and public health, and porcine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of ZEA. We hypothesized that Rutin, a flavonoid antioxidant, could significantly alleviate ZEA-induced ferroptosis through the p53 signaling pathway. In this study, we used porcine ESCs as a research model.